Method and apparatus for positioning a set of terminals in an indoor wireless environment

• US 7,403,784 B2
• Filed: 03/10/2005
• Issued: 07/22/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Avaya Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Avaya Technology Corporation Miami Lakes FLA US
• Inventors: Madigan, David, Krishnan, P., Krishnakumar, Anjur S., Ju, Wen-Hua
• Primary Examiner(s): Trost, William
• Assistant Examiner(s): Afshar, Kamran
• Application Number:
  US11/077,171
• Publication Number:
  US 20060205417A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,230 Days
• Field of Search: 4554561-457, 455/404.2, 455/67.11, 455/115.3, 455/440, 455/422.1, 370/331, 370/328, 370/338, 342450-451, 342/357.09, 342/357.08, 342/357.07, 342/456, 701/214, 701/201, 701/207
• US Class Current: 455/456.2
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2205/02 Indoor
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0252 Radio frequency fingerprinting
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/00 Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Abstract

Methods and apparatus are provided for estimating a location of a plurality of wireless terminals. Signal strength measurements are obtained for at least one packet transmitted by each of the wireless terminals; and a Bayesian algorithm is applied to the signal strength measurements to estimate the location of each wireless terminal. In an infrastructure-based deployment, signal strength measurements are obtained from one or more signal monitors. In a client-based model, signal strength measurements are obtained from a client associated with a respective wireless terminal.

Claims

1. A method for estimating a location of a plurality of wireless terminals, comprising:

obtaining signal strength measurements associated with a plurality of wireless terminals; and

applying a Bayesian graphical model to said signal strength measurements to estimate said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said step of applying said Bayesian graphical model further comprises a step of processing one or more prior probability distributions to generate posterior distributions and wherein said one or more prior probability distributions and said posterior distributions are associated with a relationship of said signal strength measurements and said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a non-hierarchical Bayesian model.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from one or more signal monitors that use measurements from at least one packet transmitted by each of said plurality of wireless terminals.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from a client associated with a respective wireless terminal, said client using measurements from at least one packet transmitted by an access point.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of forming one or more vectors of signal strength measurements that are applied to said Bayesian graphical model.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a hierarchical Bayesian model.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that decays said signal strength measurements approximately linearly with log distance.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs similar coefficients of linear regression models corresponding to a plurality of access points.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs prior knowledge that a plurality of access points behave in a similar manner.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs a corridor main effect that indicates whether one or more of said wireless terminals are in a same corridor as an access point.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm.

11. An apparatus for estimating a location of a plurality of wireless terminals, comprising:

a memory; and

at least one processor, coupled to the memory, operative to;

obtain signal strength measurements associated with a plurality of wireless terminals; and

apply a Bayesian graphical model to said signal strength measurements to estimate said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said Bayesian graphical model is applied by processing one or more prior probability distributions to generate posterior distributions and wherein said one or more prior probability distributions and said posterior distributions are associated with a relationship of said signal strength measurements and said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a non-hierarchical Bayesian model.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from one or more signal monitors that use measurements from at least one packet transmitted by each of said plurality of wireless terminals.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from a client associated with a respective wireless terminal, said client using measurements from at least one packet transmitted by an access point.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that decays said signal strength measurements approximately linearly with log distance.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs similar coefficients of linear regression models corresponding to a plurality of access points.

16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs prior knowledge that a plurality of access points behave in a similar manner.

17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs a corridor main effect that indicates whether one or more of said wireless terminals are in a same corridor as an access point.

18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm.

19. A method for estimating a location of a plurality of wireless terminals, comprising:

obtaining signal strength measurements associated with a plurality of wireless terminals; and

applying a Bayesian graphical model to said signal strength measurements to estimate said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said step of applying said Bayesian graphical model further comprises a step of processing one or more prior probability distributions to generate posterior distributions and wherein said one or more prior probability distributions and said posterior distributions are associated with a relationship of said signal strength measurements and said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a hierarchical Bayesian model.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from one or more signal monitors that use measurements from at least one packet transmitted by each of said plurality of wireless terminals.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from a client associated with a respective wireless terminal, said client using measurements from at least one packet transmitted by an access point.

22. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of forming one or more vectors of signal strength measurements that are applied to said Bayesian graphical model.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a non-hierarchical Bayesian model.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that decays said signal strength measurements approximately linearly with log distance.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs similar coefficients of linear regression models corresponding to a plurality of access points.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs prior knowledge that a plurality of access points behave in a similar manner.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs a corridor main effect that indicates whether one or more of said wireless terminals are in a same corridor as an access point.

28. The method of claim 19, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm.

29. An apparatus for estimating a location of a plurality of wireless terminals, comprising:

a memory; and

at least one processor, coupled to the memory, operative to;

obtain signal strength measurements associated with a plurality of wireless terminals; and

apply a Bayesian graphical model to said signal strength measurements to estimate said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said Bayesian graphical model is applied by processing one or more prior probability distributions to generate posterior distributions and wherein said one or more prior probability distributions and said posterior distributions are associated with a relationship of said signal strength measurements and said location of said plurality of wireless terminals, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a hierarchical Bayesian model.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from one or more signal monitors that use measurements from at least one packet transmitted by each of said plurality of wireless terminals.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said signal strength measurements are obtained from a client associated with a respective wireless terminal, said client using measurements from at least one packet transmitted by an access point.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that decays said signal strength measurements approximately linearly with log distance.

33. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs similar coefficients of linear regression models corresponding to a plurality of access points.

34. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs prior knowledge that a plurality of access points behave in a similar manner.

35. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Bayesian model that employs a corridor main effect that indicates whether one or more of said wireless terminals are in a same corridor as an access point.

36. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said Bayesian graphical model implements a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm.