Variable code rate and signal constellation turbo trellis coded modulation codec

• US 7,406,650 B2
• Filed: 07/24/2006
• Issued: 07/29/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Shen, Ba-Zhong, Tran, Hau Thien, Cameron, Kelly Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Lamarre; Guy J
• Application Number:
  US11/491,729
• Publication Number:
  US 20070016841A1
• Time in Patent Office: 736 Days
• Field of Search: 714790-792, 714/796, 714/786, 714/755, 714/714, 375/265, 375/295, 375/298, 375/316, 375/279, 375/308, 375/329
• US Class Current: 714/780
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/18 Error detection or correction; Testing , e.g. of drop-outs
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/1102 Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/256 with trellis coding, e.g. with convolutional codes and TCM
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/258 with turbo codes, e.g. Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation [TTCM]
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/27 using interleaving techniques
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2767 Interleaver wherein the permutation pattern or a portion thereof is stored
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2771 Internal interleaver for turbo codes H03M13/2714 and H03M13/2725 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2785 Interleaver using in-place interleaving, i.e. writing to and reading from the memory is performed at the same memory location
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2957 Turbo codes and decoding
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/4123 implementing the return to a predetermined state
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/4161 implementing path management
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/45 Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information H03M13/41 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0041 Arrangements at the transmitter end
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/005 Iterative decoding, including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/006 Trellis-coded modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0066 Parallel concatenated codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0068 by puncturing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0071 Use of interleaving interleaving per se H03M13/27

Abstract

Variable code rate and signal constellation turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) codec. The decoding can be performed on signals whose various symbols have been mapped to multiple modulations (constellations and mappings) according to a rate control sequence. The rate control sequence may include a number of rate controls arranged in a period that is repeated during encoding to generate the signal that is subsequently decoded. Either one or both of an encoder that generates the signal and a decoder that decodes the signal may adaptively select a new rate control sequence based on operating conditions of the communication system, such as a change in signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

an input that is operable to receive a signal from a communication channel, wherein;

the signal includes a first symbol, that includes a first number of bits, that has been symbol mapped to a first modulation; and

the signal includes a second symbol, that includes a second number of bits, that has been symbol mapped to a second modulation; and

one decoder that is operable to;

make a first best estimate of the first number of bits within the first symbol; and

make a second best estimate of the second number of bits within the second symbol; and

a rate control sequencer that is operable to provide a rate control sequence, that includes a first rate control and a second rate control, to the one decoder; and

wherein;

the first symbol has been encoded using a first code rate;

the second symbol has been encoded using a second code rate;

the first rate control indicates the first code rate and the first modulation to the one decoder; and

the second rate control indicates the second code rate and the second modulation to the one decoder.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a metric generator that is operable to;

for the first symbol, calculate a first plurality of metrics that is indexed by a first symbol mapping of constellation points within the first modulation; and

for the second symbol, calculate a second plurality of metrics that is indexed by a second symbol mapping of constellation points within the second modulation.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:

the first symbol also includes an uncoded bit; and

the one decoder is operable to make a best estimate of the uncoded bit within the first symbol based on a value of a metric within the first plurality of metrics.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first modulation and the second modulation each include a same number of constellation points;

constellation points within the first modulation are symbol mapped according to a first symbol mapping; and

constellation points within the second modulation are symbol mapped according to a second symbol mapping.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first modulation includes a quadrature phase key shifting (QPSK) constellation; and

the second modulation and the second modulation includes an 8 phase key shifting (PSK) constellation.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first code rate is the second code rate.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the signal is a turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) signal; and

the one decoder is a TTCM decoder.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the signal is a turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) signal; and

the one decoder is a TTCM decoder that includes;

a single soft-in soft-out functional block (SISO) decoder; and

a single interleaver/de-interleaver that is operable to perform interleaving of first extrinsic information generated by the SISO decoder during a first time during decoding; and

the single interleaver/de-interleaver is operable to perform de-interleaving of second extrinsic information generated by the SISO decoder during a second time during decoding.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first symbol and the second symbol are arranged in a first period;

the signal also includes a third symbol and a fourth symbol that are arranged in a second period;

the rate control sequence is a first rate control sequence;

the rate control sequencer is operable to provide the first rate control sequence to the one decoder and a second first rate control sequence to the one decoder;

the second rate control sequence includes a third rate control and a fourth rate control;

the third symbol has been encoded using a third code rate;

the fourth symbol has been encoded using a fourth code rate;

the third rate control indicates the third code rate of the third symbol to the one decoder; and

the fourth rate control indicates the fourth code rate of the fourth symbol to the one decoder.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first symbol and the second symbol are arranged in a first period;

the signal also includes a third symbol and a fourth symbol that are arranged in a second period;

the rate control sequencer is operable to provide the first rate control sequence to the one decoder and a second first rate control sequence to the one decoder;

the second rate control sequence includes a third rate control and a fourth rate control;

the third symbol has been encoded using the first code rate;

the fourth symbol has been encoded using the second code rate;

the third rate control indicates the first code rate of the third symbol to the one decoder; and

the fourth rate control indicates the second code rate of the fourth symbol to the one decoder.

11. An apparatus, comprising:

an input that is operable to receive a signal from a communication channel, wherein;

the signal includes a first symbol, that includes a first number of bits, that has been symbol mapped to a first modulation; and

the signal includes a second symbol, that includes a second number of bits, that has been symbol mapped to a second modulation; and

one decoder that includes a metric generator, a soft-in soft-out functional block (SISO), and an output processor;

a rate control sequencer that is operable to provide a rate control sequence, that includes a first rate control and a second rate control, to the one decoder; and

wherein;

the first symbol has been encoded using a first code rate;

the second symbol has been encoded using a second code rate;

the first rate control indicates the first code rate and the first modulation to the one decoder;

the second rate control indicates the second code rate and the second modulation to the one decoder;

the metric generator is operable to;

for the first symbol, calculate a first plurality of metrics that is indexed by a first symbol mapping of constellation points within the first modulation; and

for the second symbol, calculate a second plurality of metrics that is indexed by a second symbol mapping of constellation points within the second modulation;

the SISO is operable to;

for the first symbol, calculate a first soft symbol decision using the first plurality of metrics; and

for the second symbol, calculate a second soft symbol decision using the second plurality of metrics; and

the output processor is operable to;

make a first best estimate of the first number of bits within the first symbol using the first soft symbol decision; and

make a second best estimate of the second number of bits within the second symbol using the second soft symbol decision.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

the first symbol also includes an uncoded bit; and

the output processor is operable to make a best estimate of the uncoded bit within the first symbol based on a value of a metric within the first plurality of metrics.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

the first modulation and the second modulation each include a same number of constellation points;

constellation points within the first modulation are symbol mapped according to a first symbol mapping; and

constellation points within the second modulation are symbol mapped according to a second symbol mapping.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

the rate control sequencer provides the rate control sequence to the metric generator, the SISO, and the output processor;

the first rate control indicates the first code rate and the first modulation to each of the metric generator, the SISO, and the output processor within the one decoder; and

the second rate control indicates the second code rate and the second modulation to each of the metric generator, the SISO, and the output processor within the one decoder.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first code rate is the second code rate.

16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

the signal is a turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) signal; and

the apparatus is a TTCM decoder.

17. A method, comprising:

receiving a signal from a communication channel, wherein the signal includes a first symbol, that includes a first number of bits, that has been symbol mapped to a first modulation and a second symbol, that includes a second number of bits, that has been symbol mapped to a second modulation;

based on a first rate control that indicates the first modulation and a first code rate of the first symbol, decoding the signal using one decoder thereby making a first best estimate of the first number of bits within the first symbol; and

based on a second rate control that indicates the second modulation and a second code rate of the second symbol, decoding the signal using the one decoder thereby making a second best estimate of the second number of bits within the second symbol.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein:

the first symbol also includes an uncoded bit; and

further comprising;

for the first symbol, calculating a plurality of metrics that is indexed by a symbol mapping of constellation points within the first modulation; and

decoding the signal thereby making a best estimate of the uncoded bit within the first symbol based on a value of a metric within the plurality of metrics.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein:

the first modulation and the second modulation each include a same number of constellation points;

constellation points within the first modulation are symbol mapped according to a first symbol mapping; and

constellation points within the second modulation are symbol mapped according to a second symbol mapping.

20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

the first modulation and the second modulation each include a same number of constellation points;

constellation points within the first modulation are arranged in a first pattern and are symbol mapped according to a first symbol mapping; and

constellation points within the second modulation are arranged in a second pattern and are symbol mapped according to a second symbol mapping.