Carbon nanotube devices

• US 7,416,699 B2
• Filed: 06/18/2002
• Issued: 08/26/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 08/14/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Inventors: Dai, Hongjie, Kong, Jing
• Primary Examiner(s): Sines; Brian J
• Application Number:
  US10/175,026
• Publication Number:
  US 20020179434A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,261 Days
• Field of Search: 422/50, 422/56, 422/57, 422/58, 422/68.1, 422/69, 422/82.01, 422/82.02, 422/83, 422/88, 422/90, 422/98, 436/43, 436/63, 436/64, 436/68, 436/145, 436/149, 436/72, 436/73, 436/150, 436/151, 73/10.1, 73/10.2, 73/232, 73/530.1, 438/48, 438/49, 977/700, 977/742, 977/745, 977/746, 977/750, 977/752
• US Class Current: 422/82.02
• CPC Class Codes: B82B 1/00 Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
• CPC Class Codes: B82B 3/00 Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 15/00 Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 40/00 Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2202/02 Single-walled nanotubes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/162 characterised by catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/127 comprising nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/70 Nanostructure
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/742 Carbon nanotubes, CNTs
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/745 having a modified surface
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/746 Modified with biological, organic, or hydrocarbon material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/75 Single-walled
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/752 Multi-walled
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/11 Automated chemical analysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/23 Carbon containing

Abstract

Nanotubes and nanotube-based devices are implemented in a variety of applications. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a nanotube is adapted to pass current between two conductive elements. In one implementation, each conductive element includes a catalyst material, wherein electrical connection is made to opposite ends of the nanotube at each of the catalyst portions. In one implementation, the electrical connection is used to detect an electrical characteristic of the nanotube, such as the response of the nanotube to exposure to one or more of a variety of materials. In another implementation, the nanotube is used for chemical and biological sensing. In still another implementation, a particular functionality is imparted to the nanotube using one or more of a variety of materials coupled to the nanotube, such as metal particles, biological particles and/or layers of the same.

Claims

1. A nanotube device comprising:

first and second conducting elements and at least one nanotube adapted to pass current between the first and second conducting elements, wherein a first end of said at least one nanotube is in electrical contact with the first conducting element and a second end of said at least one nanotube is in electrical contact with the second conducting element, and wherein at least one end of the at least one nanotube is rooted in a catalyst island.

2. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein said nanotube is a carbon nanotube.

3. The nanotube device of claim 2, wherein said nanotube is a single-walled nanotube.

4. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein said nanotube includes silicon.

5. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein said nanotube is semiconducting between said first and second conducting elements.

6. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein said nanotube includes metal.

7. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein said nanotube is disposed on a surface.

8. The nanotube device of claim 7, wherein said surface is a top surface of a substrate comprising a material selected from a group consisting of silicon, alumina, quartz, silica and silicon nitride.

9. The nanotube device of claim 8, wherein said substrate comprises doped silicon covered with a layer of native oxide.

10. The nanotube device of claim 7, further comprising a gate in the surface and configured and arranged to apply a gating voltage to the nanotube

11. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and second conducting elements comprises a catalyst island covered by a metal electrode, and wherein at least one of said ends of said nanotube is rooted in said catalyst island and covered by said metal electrode.

12. The nanotube device of claim 11, wherein said catalyst island comprises a material selected from a group consisting of iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, zinc and oxides thereof.

13. The nanotube device of claim 11, wherein said catalyst island comprises Fe₂O₃ and alumina nanoparticles.

14. The nanotube device of claim 11, wherein said catalyst island is between about 3-5 microns wide.

15. The nanotube device of claim 11, wherein said metal electrode comprises an alloy of nickel-gold.

16. The nanotube device of claim 11, wherein said metal electrode comprises an alloy of titanium-gold.

17. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein at least one of said conducting elements comprises a metal pad covering at least one of said ends of said nanotube.

18. The nanotube device of claim 17, wherein said metal pad comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, gold, aluminum, chromium, and platinum.

19. The nanotube device of claim 1, further comprising one or more sensing agents attached to said nanotube.

20. The nanotube device of claim 19, wherein, upon exposure to a selected molecule, the nanotube exhibits an electrical response that is a function of the one or more sensing agents.

21. The nanotube device of claim 19, wherein the one or more sensing agents includes metal.

22. The nanotube device of claim 19, wherein the electrical conductance of the nanotube is a function of the one or more sensing agents.

23. The nanotube device of claim 1, wherein the at least one nanotube extends from a catalyst material.

24. The nanotube device of claim 23, wherein the catalyst material is disposed on a substrate.

25. The nanotube device of claim 23, wherein the catalyst material is the first conducting element.

26. The nanotube device of claim 23, wherein the catalyst material is the second conducting element.

27. The nanotube device of claim 1, further comprising a gate disposed adjacent to the nanotube and adapted to apply a gating voltage to the nanotube.

28. The nanotube device of claim 27, wherein the gate is further adapted to apply a gating voltage that alters an electrical characteristic of the nanotube.