Method for high-performance delivery of web content

• US 7,418,518 B2
• Filed: 10/20/2006
• Issued: 08/26/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 02/07/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Akamai Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Akamai Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Tumarkin, Alexei, Kharitonov, Michael, Grove, Adam J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Quang N.
• Application Number:
  US11/551,660
• Publication Number:
  US 20070050522A1
• Time in Patent Office: 676 Days
• Field of Search: 709/201, 709217-219, 709227-226, 709/238, 709/242, 709/243, 709/245
• US Class Current: 709/238
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/00 Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/10 of different types
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4511 using domain name system [DNS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/02 based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1001 for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/2876 Pairs of inter-processing entities at each side of the network, e.g. split proxies
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/563 Data redirection of data network streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/565 Conversion or adaptation of application format or content adding application control or application functional data H04L67/561
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/568 Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/08 Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/10 Streamlined, light-weight or high-speed protocols, e.g. express transfer protocol [XTP] or byte stream
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/22 Parsing or analysis of headers

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for increasing the performance of world-wide-web traffic over the Internet. A distributed network of specialized nodes of two types is dispersed around the Internet. A web client'"'"'s requests are directed to a node of the first type chosen to be close to the client, and the client communicates with this node using a standard protocol such as HTTP. This first node receives the request, and communicates the request to a node of the second type chosen to be close to the request'"'"'s ultimate destination (e.g., a web server capable of generating a response to the request.) The first node communicates the request to the second node using a different, specialized, protocol that has been designed for improved performance and specifically to reduce traffic volume and to reduce latency. The second node receives communication from the first node using this specialized protocol, converts it back to a standard protocol such as HTTP, and forwards the request to the destination computer or server. Responses from the destination to the client take the corresponding reverse route, and also are carried over a specialized protocol between the two nodes. In addition, these nodes can employ other techniques such as web caches that avoid or improve some communication steps. Thus, specialized, proprietary, or complex protocols and techniques can be quickly deployed to enhance web performance without requiring significant changes to the clients or servers.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting a communication over the Internet, comprising:

selecting one of a plurality of nodes of a first type;

selecting one of a plurality of nodes of a second type;

receiving a communication from a source at the selected node of a first type, wherein the communication was transmitted by the source in accordance with a first protocol;

transmitting the communication from the selected node of a first type to the selected node of a second type, wherein the communication was transmitted by the selected node of a first type in accordance with an internode protocol; and

transmitting the communication from the selected node of a second type to a destination, wherein transmitting the communication from the source to the destination is an end-to-end transmission, and transmitting the communication from the source to the destination via the selected node of a first type maximizes performance of the end-to-end transmission by optimizing a measure of communications performance for a sub-link between the source and the selected node of a first type and by using the internode protocol for a sub-link between the selected node of a first type and the selected node of a second type;

wherein the selection of the node of a first type is based on a combination of factors including (i) a probability that the selected node of a first type has an object associated with the communication located in the cache, and (ii) a communication performance measure for at least one sub-link along the end-to-end transmission.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises connection pooling.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises a modified version of TCP.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises HTTP header compression.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises HTTP content compression.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises predictive prefetching.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises predictive content pushing.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises pipelining.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises delta encoding and template instantiation.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises delta encoding using caching at a node of a second type.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises use of error correcting codes.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the internode protocol comprises use of intelligent routing.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected node of a first type is co-located with the source.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the node of a second type is co-located with the destination.

15. A method for transmitting a communication over the Internet, comprising:

selecting one of a plurality of first specialized nodes as a selected first specialized node;

selecting one of a plurality of second specialized nodes as a selected second specialized node;

receiving a communication from a source at the selected first specialized node, wherein the communication was transmitted by the source in accordance with a first protocol;

transmitting the communication from the selected first specialized node to the selected second specialized node, wherein the communication was transmitted by the selected first specialized node in accordance with an internode protocol; and

transmitting the communication from the selected second specialized node to a destination, wherein transmitting the communication from the source to the destination is an end-to-end transmission, and transmitting the communication from the source to the destination via the selected first specialized node maximizes performance of the end-to-end transmission by optimizing a measure of communications performance for a sub-link between the source and the selected first specialized node and by using the internode protocol for a sub-link between the selected first specialized node and the selected second specialized node;

wherein the selection of the first specialized node is based on a combination of factors including (i) a probability that the selected first specialized node has an object associated with the communication located in the cache, and (ii) a communication performance measure for at least one sub-link along the end-to-end transmission.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the internode protocol is a high-performance protocol.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first protocol is a standard web communication protocol.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the second specialized node transmits the communication to the destination in accordance with a third protocol.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the third protocol is a standard web communication protocol.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first protocol and the third protocol are the same standard web communication protocol.