Polymerization processes

US 7,423,100 B2
Filed: 12/19/2003
Issued: 09/09/2008
Est. Priority Date: 12/20/2002
Status: Active Grant

First Claim

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1. A polymerization process comprising contacting a catalyst system, a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s), and one or more monomer(s) to form a single phase polymerization medium, wherein the polymerization medium is evaporated during the polymerization and the polymerization process is a cationic polymerization process.

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Abstract

The invention provides for polymerization processes to produce polymers utilizing boiling pool reactor systems and diluents including hydrofluorocarbons.

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60 Claims

1. A polymerization process comprising contacting a catalyst system, a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s), and one or more monomer(s) to form a single phase polymerization medium, wherein the polymerization medium is evaporated during the polymerization and the polymerization process is a cationic polymerization process.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
- - 2. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the contacting occurs in a boiling pool reactor system.
  - 3. The polymerization process of claim 2, wherein the boiling pool reactor system comprises a plug flow extruder reactor or a stirred tank reactor.
  - 4. The polymerization process of claim 3, wherein the plug flow extruder reactor comprises a plurality injection zones for the one or more monomer(s).
  - 5. The polymerization process of claim 3 or 4, wherein the plug flow extruder reactor and the stirred tank reactor comprise a plurality of injection zones for the catalyst system.
  - 6. The polymerization process of claim 5, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) and one or more initiator(s), each being fed separately or together through the plurality of injection zones.
  - 7. The polymerization process of claim 3, wherein the plug flow extruder reactor comprises a twin screw extruder.
  - 8. The polymerization process of claim 3, wherein the stirred tank reactor comprises a discharge screw.
  - 9. The polymerization process of claim 8, wherein the polymerization medium produces polymer particles and the stirred tank reactor comprises a stirrer that skims the polymer particles and directs the polymer particles to a reactor outlet.
  - 10. The polymerization process of claim 3, wherein the stirred tank reactor comprises a funnel.
  - 11. The polymerization process of claim 10, wherein the funnel is positioned near or below the surface of the liquid phase of the polymerization medium.
  - 12. The polymerization process of claim 10 or 11, wherein the stirred tank reactor comprises one or more axial flow impeller(s), one or more radial flow impeller(s), or combinations thereof.
  - 13. The polymerization process of claim 3, wherein the stirred tank reactor is absent a mechanical stirrer.
  - 14. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the evaporated polymerization medium is collected, compressed, condensed, and returned to the polymerization medium.
  - 15. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the polymerization process further comprises the steps of (a) cooling the polymerization medium;
    - (b) supplying the cooled polymerization medium to a reactor;
      
      (c) removing polymer at the reactor outlet.
  - 16. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the one or more monomer(s) comprise an isoolefin and a multiolefin.
  - 17. The polymerization process of claim 1, where the one or more monomer(s) comprise an isoolefin and an alkylstyrene.
  - 18. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) is represented by the formula:
    - C_XH_YF_Zwherein x is an integer from 1 to 40 and y and z are integers of one or more.
  - 19. The polymerization process of claim 18, wherein x is from 1 to 10.
  - 20. The polymerization process of claim 18, wherein x is from 1 to 6.
  - 21. The polymerization process of claim 18, wherein x is from 1 to 3.
  - 22. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) is independently selected from the group consisting of fluoromethane;
    - difluoromethane;
      
      trifluoromethane;
      
      fluoroethane;
      
      1,1-difluoroethane;
      
      1,2-difluoroethane;
      
      1,1,1-trifluoroethane;
      
      1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
      
      1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane;
      
      1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane;
      
      1-fluoropropane;
      
      2-fluoropropane;
      
      1,1-difluoropropane;
      
      1,2-difluoropropane;
      
      1,3-difluoropropane;
      
      2,2-difluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1-trifluoropropane;
      
      1,1,2-trifluoropropane;
      
      1,1,3-trifluoropropane;
      
      1,2,2-trifluoropropane;
      
      1,2,3-trifluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane;
      
      1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane;
      
      1-fluorobutane;
      
      2-fluorobutane;
      
      1,1-difluorobutane;
      
      1,2-difluorobutane;
      
      1,3-difluorobutane;
      
      1,4-difluorobutane;
      
      2,2-difluorobutane;
      
      2,3-difluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1-trifluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2-trifluorobutane;
      
      1,1,3-trifluorobutane;
      
      1,1,4-trifluorobutane;
      
      1,2,2-trifluorobutane;
      
      1,2,3-trifluorobutane;
      
      1,3,3-trifluorobutane;
      
      2,2,3-trifluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,3-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,4-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,3-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,4-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,3,3-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,3,4-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,4,4-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,2,2,3-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,2,2,4-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,4-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,3,4-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,4,4-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,4-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,3,3-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,4,4-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,3,3,4-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,2,2,3,3-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,2,2,3,4-pentafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluorobutane, 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,3,3,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,3,4,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,4,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,2,2,3,3,4-hexafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,4,4-heptafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3,4-heptafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3,3,4-heptafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,3,3,4,4-heptafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4-octafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3,4,4-octafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,4,4,4-octafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-octafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorobutane;
      
      1,1,1,2,2,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane;
      
      1-fluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,1-difluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,1,3-trifluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,3-difluoro-2-(fluoromethyl)propane;
      
      1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,1,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,1,3-trifluoro-2-(fluoromethyl)propane;
      
      1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methylpropane;
      
      1,1,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(fluoromethyl)propane;
      
      1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-(fluoromethyl)propane;
      
      fluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1-difluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,2-difluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,3-difluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2-trifluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,3-trifluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,2,3-trifluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,3,3-tetrafluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3-pentafluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2,3,3-pentafluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3,4-hexafluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluorocyclobutane;
      
      1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclobutane and mixtures thereof.
  - 23. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) is independently selected from monofluoromethane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, monofluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,2,-pentafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof.
  - 24. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the diluent comprises from 15 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of the diluent.
  - 25. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the diluent comprises from 20 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of the diluent.
  - 26. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the diluent comprises from 25 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of the diluent.
  - 27. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the diluent further comprises a hydrocarbon, a non-reactive olefin, and/or an inert gas.
  - 28. The polymerization process of claim 27, wherein the hydrocarbon is a halogenated hydrocarbon other than an HFC.
  - 29. The polymerization process of claim 28, wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon is methyl chloride.
  - 30. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula MX₄;
    - wherein M is a Group 4, 5, or 14 metal; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 31. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula MR_nX_4-n;
    - wherein M is Group 4, 5, or 14 metal;
      
      each R is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 4; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 32. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula M(RO)_nR′
    - _mX_4−
      
      (m+n);
      
      wherein M is Group 4, 5, or 14 metal;
      
      each RO is a monovalent C₁to C₃₀hydrocarboxy radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, alkylaryloxy radicals;
      
      each R′
      
      is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 4;
      
      m is an integer from 0 to 4, wherein the sum of n and m is not more than 4; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 33. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula M(RC=OO)_nR′
    - _mX_4−
      
      (m+n);
      
      wherein M is Group 4, 5, or 14 metal;
      
      each RC=OO is a monovalent C₂to C₃₀hydrocarbacyl radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkacyloxy, arylacyloxy, arylalkylacyloxy, alkylarylacyloxy radicals;
      
      each R′
      
      is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 4;
      
      m is an integer from 0 to 4, wherein the sum of n and m is not more than 4; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 34. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula MOX₃;
    - wherein M is a Group 5 metal; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 35. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula MX₃;
    - wherein M is a Group 13 metal; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 36. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula MR_nX_3-n;
    - wherein M is a Group 13 metal;
      
      each R is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 1 to 3; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 37. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula M(RO)_nR′
    - _mX_3−
      
      (m+n);
      
      wherein M is a Group 13 metal;
      
      each RO is a monovalent C₁to C₃₀hydrocarboxy radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, alkylaryloxy radicals;
      
      each R′
      
      is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 3;
      
      m is an integer from 0 to 3, wherein the sum of n and m is from 1 to 3; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 38. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula M(RC=OO)_nR′
    - _mX_3−
      
      (m+n);
      
      wherein M is a Group 13 metal;
      
      each RC=OO is a monovalent hydrocarbacyl radical independently selected from the group independently selected from the C₂to C₃₀group consisting of an alkacyloxy, arylacyloxy, arylalkylacyloxy, alkylarylacyloxy radicals;
      
      each R′
      
      is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 3;
      
      m is a integer from 0 to 3, wherein the sum of n and m is from 1 to 3; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 39. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula MX_y;
    - wherein M is a Group 15 metal;
      
      each X is a halogen; and
      
      y is 3, 4 or 5.
  - 40. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula MR_nX_y-n;
    - wherein M is a Group 15 metal;
      
      each R is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 4;
      
      y is 3, 4 or 5, wherein n is less than y; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 41. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula M(RO)_nR′
    - _mX_y−
      
      (m+n);
      
      wherein M is a Group 15 metal,each RO is a monovalent C₁to C₃₀hydrocarboxy radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, alkylaryloxy radicals;
      
      each R′
      
      is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 4;
      
      m is an integer from 0 to 4;
      
      y is 3, 4 or 5, wherein the sum of n and m is less than y; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 42. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) represented by the formula M(RC=OO)_nR′
    - _mX_y−
      
      (m+n);
      
      wherein M is a Group 15 metal;
      
      each RC=OO is a monovalent C₂to C₃₀hydrocarbacyloxy radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkacyloxy, arylacyloxy, arylalkylacyloxy, alkylarylacyloxy radicals;
      
      each R′
      
      is a monovalent C₁to C₁₂hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
      
      n is an integer from 0 to 4;
      
      m is an integer from 0 to 4;
      
      y is 3, 4 or 5, wherein the sum of n and m is less than y; and
      
      each X is a halogen.
  - 43. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) independently selected from the group consisting of titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide, vanadium tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride, zirconium tetrachloride, titanium bromide trichloride, titanium dibromide dichloride, vanadium bromide trichloride, tin chloride trifluoride, benzyltitanium trichloride, dibenzyltitanium dichloride, benzylzirconium trichloride, dibenzylzirconium dibromide, methyltitanium trichloride, dimethyltitanium difluoride, dimethyltin dichloride, phenylvanadium trichloride, methoxytitanium trichloride, n-butoxytitanium trichloride, di(isopropoxy)titanium dichloride, phenoxytitanium tribromide, phenylmethoxyzirconium trifluoride, methyl methoxytitanium dichloride, methyl methoxytin dichloride, benzyl isopropoxyvanadium dichloride, acetoxytitanium trichloride, benzoylzirconium tribromide, benzoyloxytitanium trifluoride, isopropoyloxytin trichloride, methyl acetoxytitanium dichloride, benzyl benzoyloxyvanadium chloride, vanadium oxytrichloride, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride, gallium trichloride, indium trifluoride, ethylaluminum dichloride, methylaluminum dichloride, benzylaluminum dichloride, isobutylgallium dichloride, diethylaluminum chloride, dimethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, methylaluminum sesquichloride trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, methoxyaluminum dichloride, ethoxyaluminum dichioride, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxyaluminum dichioride, methoxy methylaluminum chloride, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy methylaluminum chloride, isopropoxygallium dichioride, phenoxy methylindium fluoride, acetoxyaluminum dichioride, benzoyloxyaluminum dibromide, benzoyloxygallium difluoride, methyl acetoxyaluminum chloride, isopropoyloxyindium trichloride, antimony hexachloride, antimony hexafluoride, arsenic pentafluoride, antimony chloride pentafluoride, arsenic trifluoride, bismuth trichloride arsenic fluoride tetrachloride, tetraphenylantimony chloride, triphenylantimony dichloride, tetrachloromethoxyantimony, dimethoxytrichloroantimony, dichloromethoxyarsine, chlorodimethoxyarsine, difluoromethoxyarsine, acetatotetrachloroantimony, (benzoato) tetrachloroantimony, and bismuth acetate chloride.
  - 44. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more Lewis acid(s) independently selected from the group consisting of aluminum trichloride, aluminum tribromide, ethylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, diethylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum dichloride, methylaluminum sesquichloride, dimethylaluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, and titanium tetrachloride.
  - 45. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises a Lewis acid that is not a compound represented by formula MX₃, where M is a group 13 metal, X is a halogen.
  - 46. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises a hydrogen halide, a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid halide, a sulfonic acid, an alcohol, a phenol, a polymeric halide, a tertiary alkyl halide, a tertiary aralkyl halide, a tertiary alkyl ester, a tertiary aralkyl ester, a tertiary alkyl ether, a tertiary aralkyl ether, an alkyl halide, an aryl halide, an alkylaryl halide or an arylalkylacid halide.
  - 47. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of HCl, H₂O, methanol, (CH₃)₃CCl, C₆H₅C(CH₃)₂Cl, (2-Chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane) and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane.
  - 48. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid;
    - cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, 1-chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid, p-fluorobenzoic acid, acetyl chloride, acetyl bromide, cinnamyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, benzoyl bromide, trichloroacetylchloride, trifluoroacetylchloride, p-fluorobenzoylchloride, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trichloromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonyl bromide, trichloromethanesulfonyl chloride, trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, 2-methylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, p-chlorophenol, p-fluorophenol, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene.
  - 49. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
    - 2-bromo-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
      
      2-chloro-2-methylpropane;
      
      2-bromo-2-methylpropane;
      
      2-chloro-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
      
      2-bromo-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
      
      1-chloro-1-methylethylbenzene;
      
      1-chloroadamantane;
      
      1-chloroethylbenzene;
      
      1,4-bis(1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene;
      
      5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(1-chloro-1-methylethyl) benzene;
      
      2-acetoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
      
      2-benzoyloxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
      
      2-acetoxy-2-methylpropane;
      
      2-benzoyloxy-2-methylpropane;
      
      2-acetoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
      
      2-benzoyl-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
      
      1-acetoxy-1-methylethylbenzene;
      
      1-aceotxyadamantane;
      
      1-benzoyloxyethylbenzene;
      
      1,4-bis(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl) benzene;
      
      5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl) benzene;
      
      2-methoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
      
      2-isopropoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
      
      2-methoxy-2-methylpropane;
      
      2-benzyloxy-2-methylpropane;
      
      2-methoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
      
      2-isopropoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
      
      1-methoxy-1-methylethylbenzene;
      
      1-methoxyadamantane;
      
      1-methoxyethylbenzene;
      
      1,4-bis(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl) benzene;
      
      5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl) benzene, and 1,3,5-tris(1-chioro-1-methylethyl) benzene.
  - 50. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst system comprises a weakly-coordinating anion.
  - 51. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the one or more initiator(s) comprise greater than 30 ppm water (based upon weight).
  - 52. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the one or more monomer(s) is independently selected from the group consisting of olefins, alpha-olefins, disubstituted olefins, isoolefins, conjugated dienes, non-conjugated dienes, styrenics, substituted styrenics, and vinyl ethers.
  - 53. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the one or more monomer(s) is independently selected from the group consisting of isobutylene, styrene, para-alkylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, alpha-methyl styrene, divinylbenzene, diisopropenylbenzene, isobutylene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, isoprene, butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, β
    - -pinene, myrcene, 6,6-dimethyl-fulvene, hexadiene, cyclopentadiene, methyl cyclopentadiene, piperylene, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and isobutyl vinyl ether.
  - 54. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the one or more monomer(s) comprise at least 80 wt % isobutylene based upon the total weight of the one or more monomer(s).
  - 55. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the polymerization temperature is from 15°
    - C. to −
      
      100°
      
      C.
  - 56. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the polymerization temperature is from −
    - 30°
      
      C. to −
      
      70°
      
      C.
  - 57. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the polymerization temperature is from −
    - 40°
      
      C. to −
      
      60°
      
      C.
  - 58. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the polymerization medium is evaporated at pressures from 1 kPa to 400 kPa.
  - 59. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the polymerization medium is evaporated at pressures from 10 kPa to 100 kPa.
  - 60. The polymerization process of claim 1, wherein the polymerization medium is evaporated at pressures from 30 kPa to 100 kPa.

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Litigation Campaign Assessment

Current Assignee
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
Original Assignee
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
Inventors
Webb, Robert Norman, McDonald, Michael Francis, Milner, Scott Thomas, Shaffer, Timothy Daniel
Primary Examiner(s)
Harlan; Robert D.

Application Number

US10/539,013
Publication Number

US 20060089467A1
Time in Patent Office

1,726 Days
Field of Search

526/64, 526/335, 526/348.7, 526/346, 526/124.3, 526/89, 526/91, 526/135, 526/183, 526/185, 526/190, 526/192, 526/237, 526/339, 526/347
US Class Current

526/89
CPC Class Codes

C08F 10/00   Homopolymers and copolymers...

C08F 2/002   Scale prevention in a polym...

C08F 2/06   Organic solvent

C08F 2/14   Organic medium

C08F 210/12   with conjugated diolefins, ...

C08F 236/08   Isoprene

C08F 2500/03   Narrow molecular weight dis...

C08F 2500/04   Broad molecular weight dist...

C08F 4/00   Polymerisation catalysts

C08F 4/06   Metallic compounds other th...

C08F 4/12   of boron, aluminium, galliu...

C08F 4/52   selected from boron, alumin...

Polymerization processes

First Claim

1 Assignment

0 Petitions

Accused Products

Abstract

136 Citations

60 Claims

Specification

Solutions

Use Cases

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Polymerization processes

First Claim

1 Assignment

Subscription Required

Subscription Required

0 Petitions

Subscription Required

Accused Products

Subscription Required

Abstract

136 Citations

60 Claims

Specification

Subscription Required

Solutions

Use Cases

Quick Links