Split aperture array for increased short range target coverage

• US 7,423,578 B1
• Filed: 06/09/2006
• Issued: 09/09/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 06/09/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Tietjen, Byron W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Brainard; Timothy A
• Application Number:
  US11/450,498
• Time in Patent Office: 823 Days
• Field of Search: 342/81, 342/27, 342/59, 342/83, 342/157, 342/394, 342368-377, 342/442, 343/725, 343/751, 343/770
• US Class Current: 342/59
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/426 Scanning radar, e.g. 3D radar G01S13/66 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/0254 Active array antenna
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/0272 Multifunction radar
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/03 Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/08 the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path waveguide fed H01Q21/0037
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/02 providing sum and difference patterns H01Q25/04 takes precedence

Abstract

A phased array radar system comprising a plurality of radiating elements configured in a common array aperture for detecting and tracking targets; and a transmit and receive arrangement responsive to a first control signal for configuring the plurality of radiating elements to define a plurality of sub-apertures from the common array aperture for detecting and tracking short range targets, wherein the plurality of sub-apertures are independently steerable array apertures.

Claims

1. A plurality of radiating elements configured in a common array aperture for detecting and tracking targets in a long range mode or a short range mode of operation;

a control processor operatively coupled to a pair of exciter and receiver arrangements coupled in parallel to said array, said control processor responsive to a control signal for configuring said plurality of radiating elements to define a pair of sub-apertures from said common array aperture for detecting and tracking targets, wherein said pair of sub-apertures are each independently steerable array apertures, each subaperture communicating with a respective one of said pair of exciter and receiver arrangements;

wherein said short range mode, each of said exciter pairs is responsive to a corresponding pulse waveform to form separate beams from said subapertures differing in at least one of frequency, phase, and beam pointing direction;

wherein in said long range mode, each of said exciter pairs is responsive to a corresponding pulse waveform of the same frequency, phase, and beam pointing direction to coherently combine signal data to form a single narrowband beam from said subapertures.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein in said short range mode said pair of sub-apertures comprises a first aperture for providing a beam at a first frequency, and a second aperture for providing a beam at a second frequency.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a display for displaying output data associated with said detected and tracked short range targets.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein said short range target distance is less than about 15 kilometers.

5. A phased array radar system having a plurality of radiating elements configured in a common array aperture of m×

n elements, said system comprising;

a controller for configuring a first subset of said elements of said common array aperture into a first sub-aperture for providing a first interrogating beam; and

a second subset of said elements of said common array aperture distinct from said first subset, into a second sub-aperture for providing a second interrogating beam;

a pair of transmitters, each one coupled to a corresponding one of said first and second sub-arrays and responsive to said controller in a first mode for simultaneously generating said first and second interrogating beams, said beams being independently steerable;

a pair of receiver beamformers, each one coupled to a corresponding one of said first and second sub-arrays for providing beamformed output data indicative of target reflections from each of said first and second interrogating beams;

a signal processor arrangement responsive to said beamformed output data for determining target detection and tracking according to each said sub-array;

wherein said controller is operable for providing in said first mode a signal waveform to said pair of transmitters differing in at least one of frequency, phase, and pointing direction to generate said first and second interrogating beams; and

wherein said controller is operable for providing in a second mode a signal waveform to said pair of transmitters of the same frequency, phase, and beam pointing direction such that the interrogating beams are coherently combined into a single narrowband beam output from said subarrays and corresponding to the full array aperture.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the signal processor arrangement comprises a pair of digital signal processors, each coupled to a corresponding one of said pair of beamformers.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein said first sub-aperture is about one half of said common array aperture, and wherein beamforming data received by said pair of digital signal processors is coherently combined for determining target detection and tracking in said second mode.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein in said first mode, said signal waveform comprises a pulse width of about 1 to 10 microseconds and a pulse repetition interval of about 40 to 100 microseconds.

9. In a phased array radar system having a plurality of radiating elements configured in a common array aperture of m×

n elements, a method for detecting and tracking targets comprising;

electronically separating said common array aperture of m×

n elements into a first sub-aperture comprising a first subset of said m×

n elements defining a first sub-array, and a second sub-aperture comprising a second subset of said m×

n elements distinct from said first subset defining a second sub-array;

in a first mode, generating a first interrogating beam of a first frequency from said first sub-array and a second interrogating beam of a second frequency from said second sub-array, said first and second interrogating beams differing in at least one of frequency, phase, and beam pointing direction;

independently steering said first and second interrogating beams;

receiving beamformed data from each of said first and second sub-apertures corresponding to said interrogating beams, and independently processing said beamformed data to provide target information for each of said first and second sub-apertures;

in a second mode, coherently operating said first and second sub-arrays to generate a narrowband interrogating beam of a given frequency corresponding to the full common array aperture;

receiving beamformed data from each of said first and second sub-apertures corresponding to said narrowband interrogating beam, and combining said beamformed data to provide target information indicative of the full common array aperture.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said first sub-aperture is about one half of said common aperture.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein said generating said first and second interrogating beams comprises providing a pulse waveform differing in at least one of frequency, phase, and pointing direction, to corresponding first and second transmitters in communication with said respective subapertures, and wherein said generating said narrowband interrogating beam comprises providing a pulse waveform of the same frequency, phase, and pointing direction, to corresponding first and second transmitters in communication with said respective subapertures.