Integrated circuit porphyrin-based optical Fabry-Perot chemical sensor

• US 7,425,453 B1
• Filed: 01/22/2004
• Issued: 09/16/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The Government Of The United States As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy, the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Waters, Richard L., Hutchens, Chris
• Primary Examiner(s): Soderquist; Arlen
• Application Number:
  US10/763,133
• Time in Patent Office: 1,699 Days
• Field of Search: 250/343, 250/345, 250/364, 250/366, 250/373, 356/454, 422/82.05, 422/82.09, 422/86, 422/91, 436/104, 436/111, 436/113, 436/120, 436131-132, 436/139, 436164-165, 436/167, 436/171
• US Class Current: 436/165
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/78 producing a change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 31/22 using chemical indicators G01N31/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/163333 Organic [e.g., chemical warfare agents, insecticides, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/173845 Amine and quaternary ammonium
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/175383 Ammonia
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/182 Organic or sulfhydryl containing [e.g., mercaptan, hydrogen, sulfide, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/203332 Hydroxyl containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/204165 Ethanol
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/21 Hydrocarbon

Abstract

A Fabry-Perot cavity has a pair of partially transmissive, partially reflective, surfaces. A first of the surfaces is flexibly suspended adjacent and parallel to a second of the surfaces. A gap exists between the surfaces. A variable electrostatic potential permits this gap to be adjusted. A translucent chemical layer is disposed on the first surface. A photosensor is attached to the second surface. Light irradiates the photosensor through the chemical layer and the first and second surfaces wherein the light is also partially reflected between the surfaces. A sensing environment is provided wherein an agent undergoes a reaction with the chemical layer as well as an environment wherein the reaction does not occur. The output of the photosensor is measured to assess a change in spectrum and spectral intensity for each of the sensing environments. The gap between the surfaces as well as the light used are selected to provide an optimum photosensor output.

Claims

1. A sensing method comprising the steps of:

providing a Fabry-Perot cavity, including a pair of partially transmissive, partially reflective, surfaces wherein a first of said surfaces is flexibly suspended adjacent and parallel to a second of said surfaces so that a gap exists therebetween;

providing a source of variable electrostatic potential for providing a selected electrostatic potential between said first and second surfaces so that said gap is adjustable;

providing a translucent chemical layer on said flexibly suspended first surface outside of said gap;

providing a photosensor attached to said second surface outside of said gap; and

providing a source of light, said light for irradiating said photosensor through said chemical layer and said first and second surfaces wherein said light is also partially reflected between said surfaces;

providing a sensing environment wherein an agent undergoes a reaction with said chemical layer and a reference environment wherein said reaction does not occur;

measuring a change in spectrum of an output of said photosensor between said sensing environment and said reference environment; and

measuring a change in spectral intensity of said output of said photosensor between said sensing environment and said reference environment;

wherein said gap and said light are selected to provide a desired output of said photosensor.

2. The sensing method according to claim 1 wherein said steps of

providing a Fabry-Perot cavity;

providing a source of variable electrostatic potential;

providing a translucent chemical layer;

providing a photosensor;

providing a source of light;

measuring a change in spectrum; and

measuring a change in spectral intensity are provided on an integrated circuit.

3. A sensing method comprising the steps of:

providing a Fabry-Perot cavity, including a pair of partially transmissive, partially reflective, surfaces wherein a first of said surfaces is flexibly suspended adjacent and parallel to a second of said surfaces so that a gap exists therebetween;

providing a source of variable electrostatic potential for providing a selected electrostatic potential between said first and second surfaces so that said gap is adjustable;

providing a translucent porphyrin layer on said flexibly suspended first surface outside of said gap;

providing a photosensor attached to said second surface outside of said gap; and

providing a source of light, said light for irradiating said photosensor through said porphyrin layer and said first and second surfaces wherein said light is also partially reflected between said surfaces;

providing a sensing environment wherein an agent undergoes a reaction with said porphyrin and a reference environment wherein said reaction does not occur;

measuring a change in spectrum of an output of said photosensor between said sensing environment and said reference environment; and

measuring a change in spectral intensity of said output of said photosensor between said sensing environment and said reference environment;

wherein said gap and said light are selected to provide a desired output of said photo sensor.

4. The sensing method according to claim 3 wherein said steps of

providing a Fabry-Perot cavity;

providing a source of variable electrostatic potential;

providing a translucent porphyrin layer;

providing a photosensor;

providing a source of light;

measuring a change in spectrum; and

measuring a change in spectral intensity are provided on an integrated circuit.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein said first partially transmissive, partially reflective, surface is a gold surface.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein said photosensor is a photodiode.

7. The method of claim 3 wherein said source of light is a laser.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said laser is band limited laser.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein said laser is of a variable wavelength.

10. An optical chemical sensor comprising:

a Fabry-Perot cavity, wherein the Fabry-Perot cavity comprises first and second partially transmissive, partially reflective, surfaces wherein the first surface is flexibly suspended adjacent and parallel to the second surface so that a gap exists therebetween;

a source of variable electrostatic potential configured to provide a selected electrostatic potential between said first and second surfaces so that said gap is adjustable;

a translucent chemical layer on said first surface outside of said gap;

a photosensor attached to said second surface outside of said gap; and

a source of light, said light source configured to irradiate said photosensor through said chemical layer and said first and second surfaces wherein said light is also partially reflected between said surfaces.

11. The optical chemical sensor of claim 10, further comprising:

a sensing environment wherein an agent undergoes a reaction with said chemical layer; and

a reference environment wherein said reaction does not occur.

12. The optical chemical sensor of claim 11, wherein the Fabry-Perot cavity, the source of variable electrostatic potential, the translucent chemical layer, the photosensor, the source of light, the sensing environment, and the reference environment are provided on an integrated circuit.

13. The optical chemical sensor of claim 12, wherein the translucent chemical layer is porphyrin.

14. The optical chemical sensor of claim 12, wherein the translucent chemical layer is metalloporphyrin.

15. The optical chemical sensor of claim 11, wherein the first partially transmissive, partially reflective, surface is a gold surface.

16. The optical chemical sensor of claim 15, wherein the photosensor is a photodiode.

17. The optical chemical sensor of claim 16, wherein the source of light is a laser.

18. The optical chemical sensor of claim 17, wherein the laser is band limited laser.

19. The optical chemical sensor of claim 18, wherein the laser is of a variable wavelength.