Electro-magnetic propagation modeling
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method comprising:
- (a) receiving a signal-strength measurement for a signal that traverses a path between a first radio and a second radio;
(b) generating an estimate of the location of said first radio, wherein said estimate of the location of said first radio is based on;
(i) said signal-strength measurement, and(ii) a path-loss map that is indicative of the path loss between the location of said second radio and a non-empty set S of locations;
wherein said path-loss map is based on a path-loss model that estimates the effects of azimuth orientation on path loss; and
wherein said path-loss model is based on a matrix that has N rows and L columns; and
wherein N and L are positive integers; and
wherein said path-loss map comprises measurements at N locations {λ
1, λ
2, . . . , λ
N}⊂
S; and
wherein for all iε
{1, . . . , N} and jε
{1, . . . , L} the element of said matrix at row i and column j equals cos(j·
θ
i), wherein θ
i is the bearing angle of location λ
i with respect to the boresight of said second radio.
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Abstract
A generalized framework is disclosed in which a wide variety of propagation models can be cast in a matrix-based format using arbitrary matrix coefficients. Casting propagation models in the matrix-based framework enables efficient computer implementation and calculation, ease of tuning, admissibility, and aggregating multiple propagation models into a single matrix-based model. Matrix-based propagation models based on transmitter-receiver azimuth orientation, transmitter antenna height, terrain elevation, and clutter are also disclosed. The propagation models can be used in conjunction with automated data acquisition from information sources such as topographic maps, clutter maps, etc.
50 Citations
15 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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(a) receiving a signal-strength measurement for a signal that traverses a path between a first radio and a second radio; (b) generating an estimate of the location of said first radio, wherein said estimate of the location of said first radio is based on; (i) said signal-strength measurement, and (ii) a path-loss map that is indicative of the path loss between the location of said second radio and a non-empty set S of locations; wherein said path-loss map is based on a path-loss model that estimates the effects of azimuth orientation on path loss; and wherein said path-loss model is based on a matrix that has N rows and L columns; and wherein N and L are positive integers; and wherein said path-loss map comprises measurements at N locations {λ
1, λ
2, . . . , λ
N}⊂
S; andwherein for all iε
{1, . . . , N} and jε
{1, . . . , L} the element of said matrix at row i and column j equals cos(j·
θ
i), wherein θ
i is the bearing angle of location λ
i with respect to the boresight of said second radio.
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2. A method comprising:
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(a) receiving a signal-strength measurement for a signal that traverses a path between a first radio and a second radio; (b) generating an estimate of the location of said first radio, wherein said estimate of the location of said first radio is based on; (i) said signal-strength measurement, and (ii) a path-loss map that is indicative of the path loss between the location of said second radio and a non-empty set S of locations; wherein said path-loss map is based on a path-loss model that estimates one or more effects of transmitter antenna height on path loss; and wherein said path-loss model is based on a matrix that has N rows and L columns; and wherein N and L are positive integers; and wherein said path-loss map comprises measurements at N locations {λ
1, λ
2, . . . , λ
N}⊂
S; andwherein for all iε
{1, . . . , N} and jε
{1, . . . , L} the element of said matrix at row i and column j equals hij, wherein hi is the height of said second radio'"'"'s antenna with respect to location λ
i.
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3. A method comprising:
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(a) receiving a signal-strength measurement for a signal that traverses a path between a first radio and a second radio; (b) generating an estimate of the location of said first radio, wherein said estimate of the location of said first radio is based on; (i) said signal-strength measurement, and (ii) a path-loss map that is indicative of the path loss between the location of said second radio and a non-empty set S of locations; wherein said path-loss map is based on a path-loss model that estimates the effects of terrain elevation on path loss; and wherein said path-loss model is based on a matrix that has N rows and L columns; and wherein N and L are positive integers; and wherein said path-loss map comprises measurements at N locations {λ
1, λ
2, . . . , λ
N}⊂
S; andwherein for all iε
{1, . . . , N} and jε
{1, . . . , L} the element of said matrix at row i and column j equals tij, wherein ti is the difference in elevation between said second radio and location λ
i.
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4. method comprising:
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(a) receiving a signal-strength measurement for a signal that traverses a path between a first radio and a second radio; (b) generating an estimate of the location of said first radio, wherein said estimate of the location of said first radio is based on; (i) said signal-strength measurement, and (ii) a path-loss map that is indicative of the path loss between the location of said second radio and a non-empty set S of locations; wherein said path-loss map is based on a path-loss model that estimates the effects of clutter on path loss; and wherein said path-loss model is based on a matrix that has N rows and L columns; and wherein said matrix has N rows and L columns; and wherein N is a positive integer; and wherein L is a positive integer greater than 1; and wherein columns 2 through L of said matrix correspond to L-1 clutter types; and wherein said matrix consists of ones and zeroes; and wherein the first column of said matrix consists of all ones; and wherein each row of said matrix has at most two ones; and wherein said path-loss map comprises measurements at N locations {λ
1, λ
2, . . . , λ
N}⊂
S; andwherein for all iε
{1, . . . , N} and jε
{1, . . . , L} the element of said matrix at row i and column j equals tij, wherein ti is the difference in elevation between said second radio and location λ
i.
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5. A method comprising:
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(a) receiving a signal-strength measurement for a signal that traverses a path between a first radio and a second radio; (b) generating an estimate of the location of said first radio, wherein said estimate of the location of said first radio is based on; (i) said signal-strength measurement, and (ii) a path-loss map that is indicative of the path loss between the location of said second radio and a non-empty set S of locations; wherein said path-loss map is based on a path-loss model that estimates the effects of pathway orientation on path loss; and wherein said path-loss model is based on a matrix that has N rows and 1 column; and wherein N is a positive integer; and wherein said path-loss map comprises measurements at N locations {λ
1, λ
2, . . . , λ
N}⊂
S; andwherein for all iε
{1, . . . , N} the element of said matrix at row i equals cos2k θ
i, wherein θ
i is the angle between(i) the line connecting said second radio and location λ
i, and(ii) a tangent of a pathway at location λ
i.
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6. A method comprising generating an estimate of the path loss between a first radio and a second radio;
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wherein said estimate is based on a path-loss model; and wherein at least one parameter value for said path-loss model is based on the solution of a matrix equation that comprises (i) a matrix, and (ii) a vector of N signal-strength measurements; and wherein each of said signal-strength measurements is for a signal that traverses a path between said second radio and a respective one of N locations {λ
1, λ
2, . . . , λ
N}; andwherein N is a positive integer, wherein said path-loss model estimates the effects of azimuth orientation on path loss; and wherein said matrix has N rows and L columns; and wherein L is a positive integer; and wherein for all iε
{1, . . . , N} and jε
{1, . . . , L} the element of said matrix at row i and column j equals cos(j. θ
i), wherein θ
i is the bearing angle of location λ
i with respect to the boresight of said second radio. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A method comprising:
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(a) receiving a signal-strength measurement for a signal that traverses a path between a first radio and a second radio; (b) generating an estimate of the location of said first radio, wherein said estimate of the location of said first radio is based on; (i) said signal-strength measurement, and (ii) a path-loss map that is indicative of the path loss between the location of said second radio and a non-empty set S of locations; wherein said path-loss map is based on an aggregate path-loss model that comprises a first path-loss model and a second path-loss model; and wherein said first path-loss model is based on a first matrix; and wherein said second path-loss model is based on a second matrix; and wherein at least one parameter value for said aggregate path-loss model is based on the solution of a matrix equation that comprises (i) an aggregate matrix comprising said first matrix and said second matrix, and (ii) a vector of signal-strength measurements for signals that traverse a path between said second radio and each of a plurality of locations. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13)
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14. A method comprising generating an estimate of the path loss between a first radio and a second radio;
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wherein said estimate is based on an aggregate path-loss model that comprises a first path-loss model and a second path-loss model; and wherein said first path-loss model is based on a first matrix; and wherein said second path-loss model is based on a second matrix; and wherein at least one parameter value for said aggregate path-loss model is based on the solution of a matrix equation that comprises (i) an aggregate matrix comprising said first matrix and said second matrix, and (ii) a vector of signal-strength measurements for signals that traverse a path between said second radio and each of a plurality of locations. - View Dependent Claims (15)
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Specification