Renewable, energetic, nanodimensional dispersion
First Claim
1. A mixture having a viscosity in the range between 0.28 cP and 10,000 cP and comprising of three components (a) (b) and (c) where;
- (a) is an intercalation host particle, with dimensions in the range of 0.5 nanometers and 10 microns, capable of repeatedly accepting the insertion and removal of an intercalate, (b) is about 0.6% by weight of an intercalate, selected only from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkali metal hydrides, (c) is a liquid that does not react chemically with components (a) and (b) that comprises a sufficient quantity of the mixture to provide a viscosity in the said range.
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Abstract
Fuel cells, and renewable-semi-liquid fuel mixtures, useful as anode materials, for said fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels are comprised in part of materials intercalated with hydrogen, alkali metals, or alkali metal hydrides, dispersed in liquid carriers. The chemical energy generated by the reaction of the fuel mixtures with oxygen, or an oxygen carrier such as air, water, or hydrogen peroxide, can be converted into electrical energy in fuel cells. Once converted, the by-products of the reaction may be collected and those components that where chemically modified in the reaction can be renewed by conversion or re-intercalation of hydrogen, alkali metals, or alkali metal hydrides.
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Citations
29 Claims
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1. A mixture having a viscosity in the range between 0.28 cP and 10,000 cP and comprising of three components (a) (b) and (c) where;
- (a) is an intercalation host particle, with dimensions in the range of 0.5 nanometers and 10 microns, capable of repeatedly accepting the insertion and removal of an intercalate, (b) is about 0.6% by weight of an intercalate, selected only from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkali metal hydrides, (c) is a liquid that does not react chemically with components (a) and (b) that comprises a sufficient quantity of the mixture to provide a viscosity in the said range.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A mixture having a viscosity in the range between 0.28 cP and 10,000 cP comprised of three components (a) (b) and (c) where;
- (a) is an intercalation host particle, with dimensions in the range of 0.5 nanometers and 10 microns, capable of repeatedly accepting the insertion and removal of an intercalate (b) is an intercalate, selected only from the group hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkali metal hydrides (c) is a liquid that does not react chemically with components (a) and (b) that comprises a sufficient quantity of the mixture to provide a viscosity in the said range,
the mixture being further comprised of components (d) (e) and (f) where;
(d) is comprised of materials selected on the basis of their ability to enhance the movement of ions through liquid (c) and forms 0-20% by weight of the mixture, (e) is comprised of materials selected on the basis of their ability to enhance the safe transportation characteristics of the mixture and forms 0-20% by weight of the mixture, (f) is comprised of materials selected on the basis of their ability to improve the stability of the mixture for extended periods of time and forms 0-20% by weight of the mixture. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13)
- (a) is an intercalation host particle, with dimensions in the range of 0.5 nanometers and 10 microns, capable of repeatedly accepting the insertion and removal of an intercalate (b) is an intercalate, selected only from the group hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkali metal hydrides (c) is a liquid that does not react chemically with components (a) and (b) that comprises a sufficient quantity of the mixture to provide a viscosity in the said range,
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14. A fuel cell employing a mixture having a viscosity in the range between 0.28 cP and 10,000 cP comprised of three components (a) (b) and (c) where;
- (a) is an intercalation host particle, with dimensions in the range of 0.5 nanometers and 10 microns, capable of repeatedly accepting the insertion and removal of an intercalate (b) is an intercalate, selected only from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkali metal hydrides (c) is a liquid that does not react chemically with components (a) and (b) that comprises a sufficient quantity of the mixture to provide a viscosity in the said range, wherein said mixture is employed in the fuel cell as the anodic reactant.
- View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. A fuel cell employing a mixture having a viscosity in the range between 0.28 cP and 10,000 cP, said mixture comprising of three components (a) (b) and (c) where;
- (a) is an intercalation host particle, with dimensions in the range of 0.5 nanometers and 10 microns, capable of repeatedly accepting the insertion and removal of an intercalate, (b) is an intercallate, selected only from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkali metal hydrides, (c) is a liquid that does not react chemically with components (a) and (b) that comprises a sufficient quantity of the mixture to provide a viscosity in the said range.
- View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
Specification