Scattered pilot and filtering for channel estimation

• US 7,436,757 B1
• Filed: 06/21/2002
• Issued: 10/14/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Inventors: Wilson, Keith S, Bevan, D. Damian N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Backer, Firmin
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Toan D
• Application Number:
  US10/177,009
• Time in Patent Office: 2,307 Days
• Field of Search: 370/203, 455/562.1
• US Class Current: 370/203
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0222 Estimation of channel variability, e.g. coherence bandwidth, coherence time, fading frequency
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0226 sounding signals per se
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0232 by interpolation between sounding signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0007 the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0023 Time-frequency-space
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0048 Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0058 Allocation criteria
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/006 Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling

Abstract

Methods of improving channel estimation are described, in which pilot symbols are inserted into orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frames at an OFDM transmitter having at least one transmitting antenna, wherein for the or each antenna, historical data regarding channel conditions is obtained so that the scattered pilot symbols are inserted in a scattered pattern dependent upon said historical data. Alternatively, or in addition, an adaptive channel estimation filter is used whose parameters are selected according to analysis of historical data regarding channel conditions.

Claims

1. A method of inserting pilot symbols into orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frames at an OFDM transmitter having at least one transmitting antenna, each OFDM frame comprising a plurality of OFDM symbols, the method comprising the steps of:

for the or each transmitting antenna, obtaining historical data regarding channel conditions, and inserting scattered pilot symbols in a scattered pattern dependent upon said historical data,

wherein said historical data comprises one or more of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR), dispersion and/or temporal fading, and the spacing of the scattered pilot symbols in time and/or frequency is governed by at least one of;

the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the spacing of the pilot symbols is governed is mapped to one element of a table, each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective spacing of the pilot symbols to be used.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said historical data is obtained from a receiver.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said historical data is obtained by the antenna by observation of an uplink signal.

4. An OFDM transmitter comprising at least one transmit antenna, capable of receiving historical data regarding channel conditions, and inserting scattered pilot symbols in a scattered pattern dependent upon said historical data,

wherein said historical data comprises one or more of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR), dispersion and/or temporal fading, and the spacing of the scattered pilot symbols in time and/or frequency is governed by at least one of:

the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the spacing of the pilot symbols is governed is mapped to one element of a table, each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective spacing of the pilot symbols to be used.

5. A system or network including the OFDM transmitter as claimed in claim 4.

6. A method of estimating a plurality of channel responses at an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver having at least one receive antenna, the method comprising the steps of:

obtaining historical data regarding channel conditions, selecting a channel estimation filter according to said historical data,

wherein said historical data comprises one or more of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR), dispersion and/or temporal fading, and parameters of the selected channel estimation filter are governed by at least one of;

the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the parameters of the selected channel estimation filter are governed is mapped to one element of a table, each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining respective parameters of the channel estimation filter to be used.

7. An OFDM receiver comprising at least one receive antenna and an adaptive filter, whose size and shape can be selected or varied according to channel conditions including at least one of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency to optimize channel estimation,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the size and shape of the filter is governed is mapped to one element of a table, each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective size and shape of the filter to be used.

8. The OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 7 wherein the adaptive filter comprises an infinitely adjustable filter.

9. The OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 7 wherein the adaptive filter comprises a filter selected from a specified set of filters.

10. The system or network including the OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 7.

11. An OFDM signal including pilot symbols, said pilot symbols being arranged in a pattern selected according to historical data regarding channel conditions,

wherein said historical data comprises one or more of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR), dispersion and/or temporal fading, and the spacing of the pilot symbols in time and/or frequency is governed by at least one of:

the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the spacing of the pilot symbols is governed is mapped to one element of a table each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective spacing of the pilot symbols to be used.

12. An adaptive channel estimation filter for use in an OFDM receiver, whose size and shape can be selected or varied to optimize channel estimation, according to historical data regarding channel conditions,

wherein said historical data comprises one or more of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR), dispersion and/or temporal fading, and the size and shape of the filter is governed by at least one of:

the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the size and shape of the filter is governed is mapped to one element of a table each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective size and shape of the filter to be used.

13. Software for controlling an adaptive channel estimation filter as claimed in claim 12.

14. An improved data transmission service in which pilot symbols are inserted in a pattern dependent upon historical data regarding channel conditions,

wherein said historical data comprises one or more of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR), dispersion and/or temporal fading, and the spacing of the pilot symbols in time and/or frequency is governed by at least one of:

the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the spacing of the pilot symbols is governed is mapped to one element of a table, each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective spacing of the pilot symbols to be used.

15. An improved data transmission service including use of an adaptive channel estimation filter whose size and shape can be selected or varied to optimize channel estimation, according to historical data regarding channel conditions,

wherein said historical data comprises one or more of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR), dispersion and/or temporal fading, and the size and shape of the filter is governed by at least one of:

the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the size and shape of the filter is governed is mapped to one element of a table, each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective size and shape of the filter to be used.

16. A method of improving channel estimation in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system by signalling data between a receiver and a transmitter using a control channel, said data being used to optimize channel estimation and comprising a parameter set for a pilot symbol pattern, wherein the parameter set governs the spacing of the pilot symbols in time and/or frequency, and the spacing of the pilot symbols is governed by at least one of:

SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency,

and wherein the SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency by which the spacing of the pilot symbols is governed is mapped to one element of a table, each element of the table corresponding to a different range of values of SNIR, dispersion and/or temporal frequency and defining a respective spacing of the pilot symbols to be used.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16 wherein said data is transmitted on the uplink between said receiver and said transmitter.

18. The method as claimed in claim 16 wherein said data is transmitted on the downlink between said transmitter and said receiver.

19. The method as claimed in claim 16 wherein said data comprises a parameter set for an adaptive channel estimation filter.