Method and apparatus for enhancing link range in a wireless network using self-configurable antenna

• US 7,440,785 B2
• Filed: 10/10/2003
• Issued: 10/21/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/2003
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Inventors: Steer, David, Teo, Koon Hoo, Smith, Adrian
• Primary Examiner(s): Appiah, Charles N
• Assistant Examiner(s): STEPHEN, EMEM O
• Application Number:
  US10/682,092
• Publication Number:
  US 20040176050A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,838 Days
• Field of Search: 455/550.1, 455/556.1, 455/556.2, 455/557, 455/560, 455/565, 455/566, 4555752-5757, 455 901- 903, 455/40.3, 455/555.2, 455272-2791, 455/562.1, 455/553, 455/73, 455/88, 379419-440, 370/338, 370/334
• US Class Current: 455/575.7
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/26 varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture H01Q3/12, H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/2611 Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention facilitate providing wireless links with longer link ranges and/or better suppression of interference than can be provided by the integrated antennas of a typical wireless network node. While, in some cases, it is possible to install intermediate wireless network nodes to hop through long expanses between distant wireless network nodes, it is desirable for distantly spaced wireless network nodes to reach one another through a single transit link (i.e. one hop). This approach is preferable because a single transit link is capable of higher data rates and better interference suppression than multi-hop transit links. The present invention provides methods and apparatus for enhancing the link range achievable by typical wireless network nodes so that distantly spaced wireless network nodes are able to communicate with one another using only a single transit link.

Claims

1. A wireless network node for providing transit of data with other wireless network nodes in a wireless network, the wireless network node comprising:

at least one transit antenna to provide data transmission between at least one other wireless network node in the wireless network and the wireless network node;

an auxiliary transit antenna port to which an auxiliary transit antenna can be coupled; and

an antenna detector adapted to detect whether or not an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port;

wherein the at least one transit antenna are available to establish one or more transit links;

wherein upon detection that the auxiliary transit antenna is not coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, the wireless network node uses only the at least one transit antenna for communications;

wherein upon detection that the auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, adding the auxiliary transit antenna to a list of available antennas adapted for at least one of transmitting and receiving wireless signals so that the auxiliary transit antenna can be included or ignored as appropriate for at least one of transmitting and receiving wireless signals through the auxiliary transit antenna coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port.

2. The wireless network node of claim 1 wherein the antenna detector is adapted to automatically detect whether or not an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port.

3. The wireless network node of claim 2, wherein the antenna detector measures a standing wave ratio (SWR) for use in a determination of whether or not an auxiliary transit antenna is or is not coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port.

4. The wireless network node of claim 2, wherein the antenna detector measures a signal received through the auxiliary transit antenna port for use in a determination of whether or not an auxiliary transit antenna is or is not coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port.

5. The wireless network node of claim 2, wherein the antenna detector comprises a metal contact that rests adjacent to the auxiliary transit antenna port when an auxiliary transit antenna is not inserted into the auxiliary transit antenna port, and when an auxiliary transit antenna is inserted into the auxiliary transit antenna port the metal contact is bridged to a ground contact of the auxiliary transit antenna port, the antenna detector further comprising an interface circuit to which the metal contact is coupled, the interface circuit outputting a signal that is indicative of the presence or absence of an auxiliary transit antenna in the auxiliary transit antenna port.

6. The wireless network node of claim 2, wherein the antenna detector comprises a coupler connected in series with the auxiliary transit antenna port, forward and reverse power detectors connected to the coupler, and a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) detector and interface circuit connected to the forward and reverse power detectors,

wherein in operation power from the auxiliary transit antenna port is coupled through the coupler and measured by both the forward and reverse power detectors, and the SWR detector and interface circuit compare outputs of the forward and reverse power detectors in order to determine whether or not an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port

7. The wireless network node of claim 1 in combination with an auxiliary transit antenna coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port.

8. The wireless network node of claim 7, further comprising at least one access antenna to permit data transmission both to and from wireless mobile terminals located proximate the wireless network node.

9. The wireless network node of claim 8, further comprising:

a transit link radio coupled to the at least one transit antenna and the auxiliary transit antenna for providing data communication between the wireless network node and other wireless network nodes;

an access link radio coupled to the at least one access antenna for providing communication between the wireless network node and mobile devices proximate the wireless network node; and

a controller unit coupled to both the transit link radio and the access link radio for coupling data transmissions from a mobile device proximate the wireless network node to other wireless network nodes.

10. The wireless network node of claim 7, wherein the auxiliary transit antenna is aimed so signals therefrom are transmitted to another specific wireless network node.

11. The wireless network node of claim 10, wherein the another specific wireless network node is located at a distance from the wireless network node greater than a distance permitting reliable transmission of data using the at least one transit antenna.

12. The wireless network node of claim 7, wherein the auxiliary transit antenna has a gain greater than that of the at least one transit antenna.

13. The wireless network node of claim 7 further comprising a directional-mount connected between the auxiliary transit antenna and auxiliary transit antenna port of the wireless network node.

14. The wireless network node of claim 13, wherein the directional-mount is adjustable in order to permit an optimal alignment of the auxiliary transit antenna.

15. The wireless network node of claim 7, wherein the auxiliary transit antenna provides the use of a substantially higher data rate than that provided by the at least one transit antenna.

16. The wireless network node of claim 7, wherein the auxiliary transit antenna provides substantially better interference suppression than that provides by the at least one transit antenna.

17. A method of operating a wireless network node having an auxiliary transit antenna port, the method comprising:

determining whether or not an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port; and

upon determining that an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, adding the auxiliary transit antenna to a list of available antennas adapted for at least one of transmitting and receiving wireless signals so that the auxiliary transit antenna can be included or ignored as appropriate for at least one of transmitting and receiving wireless signals through the auxiliary transit antenna coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port;

upon determining that an auxiliary transit antenna is not coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, removing the auxiliary transit antenna from a list of active antennas so that the auxiliary transit antenna will not be used.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising, upon determining that an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, automatically aligning a beam of the auxiliary transit antenna with another wireless network node.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the beam of the auxiliary transit antenna is aligned such that at least one of a strongest possible signal level is received and a lowest packet error rate is achieved on a resulting link.

20. A controller for a wireless network node having an auxiliary transit antenna port, the controller having a function of:

determining whether or not an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port;

upon determining that an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, adding the auxiliary transit antenna to a list of available antennas adapted for one of transmitting and receiving wireless signals so tat the auxiliary transit antenna can be included or ignored as appropriate for one of transmitting and receiving wireless signals through the auxiliary transit antenna coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port; and

upon determining that an auxiliary transit antenna is not coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, removing the auxiliary transit antenna from a list of active antennas so that the auxiliary transit antenna will not be used.

21. The controller of claim 20, further comprising a function of, upon determining that an auxiliary transit antenna is coupled to the auxiliary transit antenna port, coordinating an automatic alignment of beam of the auxiliary transit antenna with another wireless network node.

22. The controller of claim 21, wherein the beam of the auxiliary transit antenna is aligned such that at least one of a strongest possible signal level is received and a lowest packet error rate is achieved on a resulting link.