Optical system for measuring metabolism in a body and imaging method

• US 7,440,794 B2
• Filed: 01/19/2005
• Issued: 10/21/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Ito, Yoshitoshi, Yamashita, Yuichi, Maki, Atsushi, Koizumi, Hideaki, Kawaguchi, Fumio
• Primary Examiner(s): Winakur; Eric F
• Assistant Examiner(s): Laryea; Lawrence N
• Application Number:
  US11/037,282
• Publication Number:
  US 20050148857A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,371 Days
• Field of Search: 600/476, 600/473, 600/334, 600/310, 600/407, 600/479, 600/409, 356/41
• US Class Current: 600/473
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0219 Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0233 Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/046 in a matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0042 for the brain
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/055 involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14553 specially adapted for cerebral tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/18 for vehicle drivers or machine operators
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6814 Head
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7207 of noise induced by motion artifacts
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7228 Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal modulation H03C
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/03 Computed tomography [CT] echo-tomography A61B8/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/507 for determination of haemodynamic parameters, e.g. perfusion CT

Abstract

In an optical measurement system and imaging method adapted to measure in vivo information in a living body without harming the living body, light rays of a plurality of wavelengths which are modulated in intensity with a plurality of different frequencies are irradiated on a plurality of irradiation positions on the surface of a living body, and time-variable changes in living body transmitting light intensity levels corresponding to the respective wavelengths and the respective irradiation positions are measured at different positions on the surface of the living body. Light is utilized to image the results of the measurements, in which the measuring time is shortened by estimating fluctuation attributable to the living body, and the presence or absence of a change in measured signal can be decided easily by displaying an estimation signal and a measured signal at a time.

Claims

1. An optical system for measuring change in cerebral hemodynamic movement comprising:

a plurality of light irradiators for irradiating light rays on a head portion of a subject;

a plurality of light receivers for receiving light rays reflected within said subject;

a computing unit for calculating spatial distribution of signals of an object to be measured on the basis of signals detected by said light receivers; and

a display unit for displaying said spatial distribution;

wherein plural said light receivers adjacent to a common said light irradiator, are all disposed on positions distant by a substantially same distance from said common said light irradiator, where said distance is not less than 10 mm and not larger than 50 mm.

4. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said display unit displays the signals of said object in order of measuring time or as a dynamic image.

5. An optical system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a modulator for modulating light rays irradiated by said light irradiators in intensity with desired frequencies; and

a separator for separating the light rays modulated by said modulator every modulation frequency.

6. An optical system according to claim 5,

wherein said modulator modulates the light rays with different frequencies in intensity at individual positions of said light irradiators.

7. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said light irradiators irradiate a plurality of light rays whose wavelengths are different from each other.

8. An optical system according to claim 7,

wherein the number of wavelengths of light rays irradiated from said light irradiators is equal to a number of absorbers of said object to be measured.

9. An optical system according to claim 7, further comprising:

a modulator in which the light rays irradiated by said light irradiators are modulated in intensity with different modulation frequencies at individual wavelengths of said light rays; and

a separator for separating the light rays modulated by said modulator every modulation frequency.

10. An optical system according to claim 5,

wherein said separator is composed of lock-in amplifiers which are operated on the basis of the modulation signals of said modulator.

11. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the signals of the object are relative change amounts of concentration of hemoglobin oxide or reduced hemoglobin.

12. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said display unit displays the signal of the object as time integral values or a time-average values of relative change amounts of concentration of hemoglobin oxide or reduced hemoglobin.

13. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said display unit displays the signal of the object as a distribution representative of a change in hemodynamic movement attributable to a cerebral function of said subject.

14. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said display unit displays the signal of the object by a contour map, a light and shade image of a color or a discrimination display in color.

15. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the light rays irradiated by said light irradiators are light rays having a wavelength in a region from visible rays to near infrared rays.

16. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein measuring points are on intermediate positions between said light irradiators and said light receivers;

wherein said computing unit calculates interpolation signals of the objection at positions between the said measuring points on the basis of the signals of the object at the measuring points, and

wherein said display unit displays the interpolation signals.

17. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said display unit displays the signals of the object to be measured by superimposing said signals on a cerebral image of the object to be measured.

18. An optical system according to claim 17, wherein said cerebral image is an image of the form of three-dimensional MRI or three-dimensional X-ray CT.

19. An optical system according to claim 1, wherein said light irradiators includes light sources whose the irradiating light rays have wavelengths different from each other, and waveguides for guiding the light rays from said light sources to the irradiating positions.

20. An optical system according to claim 1, wherein measuring points are on intermediate positions between said light irradiators and said light receivers;

and

wherein said computing unit calculates a mutual correlation function between time-variable changes of signal intensity of said object to be measured at first one of said measuring points and time-variable changes of signal intensity of said object to be measured at second one of said measuring points.

2. An optical system for measuring change in cerebral hemodynamic movement comprising:

a plurality of light irradiators for irradiating light rays on a head portion of a subject;

a plurality of light receivers for receiving light rays reflected within said subject;

a computing unit for calculating spatial distribution of signals of an object to be measured on the basis of signals detected by said light receivers; and

a display unit for displaying said spatial distribution;

wherein plural said light receivers adjacent to a common said light irradiator, are all disposed on positions distant by a substantially same distance from said common said light irradiator, where said distance is not less than 10 mm and not larger than 50 mm;

wherein one of said light receivers detect light rays irradiated by some of said light irradiators adjacent to said one of said light receivers; and

wherein light rays irradiated by said one of said light irradiators are detected by said some of said light receivers adjacent to said one of said light irradiators.

3. An optical system for measuring change in cerebral hemodynamic movement comprising:

a plurality of light irradiators for irradiating light rays on a head portion of a subject;

a plurality of light receivers for receiving light rays reflected within said subject;

a computing unit for calculating spatial distribution of signals of an object to be measured on the basis of signals detected by said light receivers; and

a display unit for displaying said spatial distribution;

wherein said plurality of light irradiators and said plurality of light receivers are alternately arranged on said head portion of said subject in lattice; and

wherein plural said light receivers adjacent to a common said light irradiator, are all disposed on positions distant by a substantially same distance from said common said light irradiator, where said distance is not less than 10 mm and not larger than 50 mm.