Composite right/left-handed transmission line based compact resonant antenna for RF module integration
First Claim
1. An apparatus for transmitting or radiating radio frequencies within a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line, comprising:
- at least one dielectric layer;
a first conducting element over said at least one dielectric layer;
a ground plane under said at least one dielectric layer;
a vertical conductor extending through said at least one dielectric layer to connect said first conducting element to said ground plane; and
means for guiding a signal along at least one waveguide within said ground plane and up through said vertical conductor passing through said at least one dielectric layer to said first conducting element,wherein said CRLH based apparatus is configured using equivalent circuit models that comprises Right-Hand (RH) series induction (LR) and shunt capacitor (CR), and Left-Hand (LH) series capacitor (CL) and induction (LL); and
wherein the effective permittivity (e) and permeability (m) of the structure are manipulated by the choice of CR, LR, CL, and LL.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
An apparatus based on composite right-handed or left-handed (CRLH) principles to provide a transmission line or antenna structure having a plurality of cells to which one or more feed ports are attached. The apparatus is based on an equivalent circuit Right-Hand (RH) series induction (LR) and shunt capacitor (CR), and Left-Hand (LH) series capacitor (CL) and induction (LL), in which effective permittivity (e) and permeability (m) of the structure are manipulated by the choice of CR, LR, CL, and LL. One embodiment describes mushroom antenna cells (1D or 2D array) in which vias extend up from a feed network on a ground plane through at least one dielectric region to each of a first plurality of conductive elements (plates or strips). Optionally, a second plurality of conductive elements are disposed between first and second dielectric layers to form metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors to lower resonance frequency.
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Citations
31 Claims
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1. An apparatus for transmitting or radiating radio frequencies within a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line, comprising:
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at least one dielectric layer; a first conducting element over said at least one dielectric layer; a ground plane under said at least one dielectric layer; a vertical conductor extending through said at least one dielectric layer to connect said first conducting element to said ground plane; and means for guiding a signal along at least one waveguide within said ground plane and up through said vertical conductor passing through said at least one dielectric layer to said first conducting element, wherein said CRLH based apparatus is configured using equivalent circuit models that comprises Right-Hand (RH) series induction (LR) and shunt capacitor (CR), and Left-Hand (LH) series capacitor (CL) and induction (LL); and wherein the effective permittivity (e) and permeability (m) of the structure are manipulated by the choice of CR, LR, CL, and LL. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
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8. An apparatus for transmitting or radiating radio frequencies within a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line, comprising:
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a first dielectric layer forming a structure substrate; second dielectric layer positioned over said first dielectric layer; a ground plane disposed under said first dielectric layer; a first plurality of conductive elements disposed over said second dielectric layer; a second plurality of conductive elements disposed between said first and second dielectric layers and positioned to form metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in response to proximity with said first plurality of conductive elements, said capacitors lower the resonant frequency of said apparatus; a plurality of vias interconnecting said first plurality of conductive elements with said ground conducting layer; and at least one feed line attached to said first plurality of conductive elements; wherein said CRLH based apparatus is configured using equivalent circuit models that comprises Right-Hand (RH) series induction (LR) and shunt capacitor (CR), and Left-Hand (LH) series capacitor (CL) and induction (LL); and wherein the effective permittivity (e) and permeability (m) of the structure are manipulated by the choice of CR, LR, CL, and LL. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. An apparatus for transmitting or radiating radio frequencies within a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line, comprising:
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a first dielectric layer forming a structure substrate; a second dielectric layer positioned over said first dielectric layer; a ground plane disposed under said first dielectric layer; a first plurality of conductive elements disposed over said second dielectric layer; a second plurality of conductive elements disposed between said first and second dielectric layers and positioned to form metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in response to proximity with said first plurality of conductive elements, said capacitors lower the resonant frequency of said apparatus; a plurality of vias interconnecting said first plurality of conductive elements with said ground conducting layer; and at least one feed line attached to said first plurality of conductive elements; wherein said apparatus comprises a CRLH-based device configured according to an equivalent circuit model that comprises Right-Hand (RH) series induction (LR) and shunt capacitor (CR), and Left-Hand (LH) series capacitor (CL) and induction (LL); and wherein values for CR, LR, CL, LL, and N within said apparatus are selected to match a desired feed impedance. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27)
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28. An apparatus for transmitting or radiating radio frequencies within a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line, comprising:
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a first dielectric layer forming a structure substrate; second dielectric layer positioned over said first dielectric layer; a ground plane disposed under said first dielectric layer; a first plurality of conductive elements disposed over said second dielectric layer; a second plurality of conductive elements disposed between said first and second dielectric layers and positioned to form metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in response to proximity with said first plurality of conductive elements, said capacitors lower the resonant frequency of said apparatus; a plurality of vias interconnecting said first plurality of conductive elements with said ground conducting layer; and at least one feed line attached to said first plurality of conductive elements; wherein said apparatus comprises an antenna; wherein said feed line is configured as a dual-feed connection to said first plurality of conductive elements; and whereby said antenna is circularly polarized in response to said dual-feed connection of said first and second feed lines to orthogonal edges of said antenna. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30)
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31. An apparatus, comprising:
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a first dielectric layer forming a structure substrate; a second dielectric layer positioned over said first dielectric layer; a ground plane disposed beneath said first dielectric layer; a first plurality of conductive elements disposed over said second dielectric layer; a second plurality of conductive elements disposed between said first and second dielectric layers and positioned to form metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in response to proximity with said first plurality of conductive elements, said capacitors lower the resonant frequency of said apparatus; a plurality of vias interconnecting said first plurality of conductive elements with said ground plane; and at least one feed line attached to said first plurality of conductive elements; said apparatus is configured using an equivalent circuit Right-Hand (RH) series induction (LR) and shunt capacitor (CR), and Left-Hand (LH) series capacitor (CL) and induction (LL), in which effective permittivity (e) and permeability (m) of the structure are manipulated by the choice of CR, LR, CL, and LL; said first and second plurality of conductive elements comprise conductive plates or strips arranged in a one or two dimensional array of cells; said first dielectric layer comprises a material having a first dielectric constant and a first thickness, and said second dielectric layer comprises a material having a second dielectric constant and a second thickness; and said second dielectric constant is higher than said first dielectric constant, and said second dielectric thickness is less than said first dielectric thickness.
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Specification