Redundancy structure and method for high-speed serial link

• US 7,447,273 B2
• Filed: 02/18/2004
• Issued: 11/04/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 02/18/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Hsu, Louis L., Radens, Carl, Wang, Li-Kong
• Primary Examiner(s): Liu; Shuwang
• Assistant Examiner(s): HUANG, DAVID S
• Application Number:
  US10/708,240
• Publication Number:
  US 20050180521A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,721 Days
• Field of Search: 375/295
• US Class Current: 375/295
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/22 using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/029 Provision of high-impedance states
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/08 Modifications for reducing interference; Modifications for reducing effects due to line faults ; Receiver end arrangements for detecting or overcoming line faults

Abstract

An integrated circuit is provided having a plurality of data transmitters, including a plurality of default data transmitters for transmitting data from a plurality of data sources and at least one redundancy data transmitter. A plurality of connection elements are provided having a first, low impedance connecting state and having a second, high impedance, disconnecting state. The connection elements are operable to disconnect a failing data transmitter from a corresponding output signal line and to connect the redundancy data transmitter to that output signal line in place of the failing data transmitter. In one preferred form, the connection elements include a fuse and an antifuse. In another form, the connection elements include micro-electromechanical (MEM) switches. The connecting elements preferably present the low impedance connecting state at frequencies which include signal switching frequencies above about 500 MHz.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

an integrated circuit, an individual one of said integrated circuit having incorporated therein

a plurality of output signal lines including a first output signal line;

a plurality of data transmitters including a plurality of default data transmitters and at least one redundancy data transmitter, each of said plurality of data transmitters being operable to transmit a data communication signal at a signal switching frequency above about 500 megahertz; and

a plurality of first connection elements each including a fuse having an electrically conductive state and an electrically high resistive state and an antifuse having an electrically high resistive state and an electrically conductive state, said fuse of a given first connection element of said plurality of first connection elements conductively connecting a first default data transmitter of said plurality of default data transmitters to said first output signal line when said fuse of said given first connection element is in said electrically conductive state and said fuse of said given first connection element electrically disconnecting said first default data transmitter from said first output signal line when said fuse of said given first connection element is in said electrically high resistive state, such that when said first default data transmitter is connected to said first output signal line said first default data transmitter is operable to transmit said data communication signal through said fuse of said given first connection element over said first output signal line,

said antifuse of said given first connection element electrically disconnecting said redundancy data transmitter from said first output signal line when said antifuse of said given first connection element is in said electrically high resistive state and said antifuse of said given first connection element conductively connecting said redundancy data transmitter to said first output signal line when said antifuse of said given first connection element is in said electrically conductive state, such that when said redundancy data transmitter is connected to said first output signal line said first redundancy data transmitter is operable to transmit said data communication signal through said antifuse of said given first connection element onto said first output signal line.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second connection elements, each including a second fuse having an electrically conductive state and an electrically high resistive state, said second fuse of a given second connection element of said plurality of second connection elements conductively connecting said first default data transmitter to a first input signal line when said second fuse of said given second connection element is in said electrically conductive state and said second fuse of said given second connection element electrically disconnecting said first default data transmitter from said first input signal line when said second fuse of said given second connection element is in said electrically high resistive state, each of said second connection elements further including a second antifuse having an electrically high resistive state and an electrically conductive state, said second antifuse of said given second connection element electrically disconnecting said redundancy data transmitter from said first input signal line when said second antifuse of said given second connection element is in said electrically high resistive state and said second antifuse of said given second connection element conductively connecting said redundancy data transmitter to said first input signal line when said second antifuse of said given second connection element is in said electrically conductive state.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein each of said default data transmitters provides a pair of differential signal outputs and receives a pair of differential signal inputs, such that said first output signal line includes a pair of differential signal conductors for receiving said differential signal outputs and said first input signal line includes a pair of differential signal conductors for providing said differential signal inputs.

4. An apparatus, comprising:

an integrated circuit, an individual one of said integrated circuit having incorporated therein

a plurality of output signal lines including a first output signal line;

a plurality of input signal lines including a first input signal line;

a plurality of data transmitters including a plurality of default data transmitters and at least one redundancy data transmitter, each of said plurality of data transmitters being operable to transmit a data communication signal at a signal switching frequency above about 500 megahertz; and

a plurality of first connection elements each including a first fuse having an electrically conductive state and an electrically high resistive state, said first fuse of a given first connection element of said plurality of first connection elements conductively connecting a first default data transmitter of said plurality of default data transmitters to said first output signal line when said first fuse of said given first connection element is in said electrically conductive state and said first fuse of said given first connection element electrically disconnecting said first default data transmitter from said first output signal line when said first fuse of said given first connection element is in said electrically high resistive state, such that when said first default data transmitter is connected to said first output signal line said first default data transmitter is operable to transmit said data communication signal through said first fuse of said given first connection element onto said first output signal line; and

a plurality of second connection elements each including a second fuse having an electrically conductive state and an electrically high resistive state, said second fuse of a given second connection element of said plurality of second connection elements conductively connecting said first default data transmitter to said first input signal line when said second fuse of said given second connection element is in said electrically conductive state and said second fuse of said given second connection element electrically disconnecting said first default data transmitter from said first input signal line when said second fuse of said given second connection element is in said electrically high resistive state.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein each of said first connection elements further includes a first antifuse and each of said second connection elements further includes a second antifuse, wherein said first antifuse of said given first connection element conductively connects said redundancy data transmitter to said first output signal line when said first antifuse of said given first connection element is in a low impedance state and said first antifuse of said given first connection element electrically disconnects said redundancy data transmitter from said first output signal line when said first antifuse of said given first connection element is in a high impedance state and said second antifuse of said given second connection element conductively connects said redundancy data transmitter to said first input signal line when said second antifuse of said given second connection element is in said low impedance state and said second antifuse of said given second connection element electrically disconnects said redundancy data transmitter from said first input signal line when said second antifuse of said given second connection element is in said high impedance state.

6. An apparatus, comprising:

an integrated circuit, an individual one of said integrated circuit having incorporated therein

a plurality of output signal lines including a first output signal line;

a plurality of input signal lines including a first input signal line;

a plurality of data transmitters including a plurality of default data transmitters and at least one redundancy data transmitter, each of said plurality of data transmitters being operable to transmit a data communication signal at a signal switching frequency above about 500 megahertz; and

a plurality of first connection elements each including a first MEM switch having an electrically conductive state and an electrically high resistive state, said first MEM switch of a given first connection element of said plurality of first connection elements conductively connecting a first default data transmitter of said plurality of default data transmitters to said first output signal line when said first MEM switch of said given first connection element is in said electrically conductive state and said first MEM switch of said given first connection element electrically disconnecting said first default data transmitter from said first output signal line when said first MEM switch of said given first connection element is in said electrically high resistive state, such that when said first default data transmitter is connected to said first output signal line said first default data transmitter is operable to transmit said data communication signal through said MEM switch of said given first connection element onto said first output signal line; and

a plurality of second connection elements each including a second MEM switch having an electrically conductive state and an electrically high resistive state, said second MEM switch of a given second connection element of said plurality of second connection elements conductively connecting said first default data transmitter to said first input signal line when said second MEM switch of said given second connection element is in said electrically conductive state and said second MEM switch of said given second connection element electrically disconnecting said first default data transmitter from said first input signal line when said second MEM switch of said given second connection element is in said electrically high resistive state.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said first and second MEM switches of said given first and second connection elements include MEM switches of the type having a signal pad restrained by a plurality of hinge brackets for movement in a substantially vertical direction in response to electrostatic force to switch between a connecting state and a disconnecting state.