Detection of signal modifications in audio streams with embedded code

• US 7,451,092 B2
• Filed: 03/05/2004
• Issued: 11/11/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nielsen Company (US), LLC
• Original Assignee: Nielsen Media Research, Inc. (Nielsen Holdings plc)
• Inventors: Srinivasan, Venugopal
• Primary Examiner(s): Vo; Huyen X.
• Application Number:
  US10/794,194
• Publication Number:
  US 20040170381A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,712 Days
• Field of Search: 704500-504, 704203-205, 704/212, 704/227, 704228-230, 704/222, 704/221, 375/133, 375/130, 371/31, 371/30, 398/202, 398/209, 329/306, 329/304, 395/2.38, 395/2.39, 714/747
• US Class Current: 704/500
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/0212 using orthogonal transformation

Abstract

An encoder transforms at least a portion of a signal, counts the resulting transform coefficients having a zero value, and encodes the signal with the zero count. A decoder decodes the signal in order to recover the zero count. The decoder may also determine its own zero count of the signal as received and may compare the zero count that it determines to the recovered zero count. The decoder may be arranged to detect compression/decompression based upon results from the comparison, and/or the decoder may be arranged to prevent use of a device based upon results from the comparison.

Claims

1. A method of processing a signal comprising:

receiving the signal at a receiver to produce a received signal;

decoding the received signal so as to read a coefficient value count code from the received signal;

performing a transform of the received signal to produce transform coefficients;

counting those transform coefficients having a predetermined value;

comparing the coefficient value count contained in the coefficient value count code to the transform coefficient count; and

selectively further processing or discarding the received signal based upon the comparison of the coefficient value count contained in the coefficient value count code to the transform coefficient count.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the received signal is an audio signal.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the coefficient value count contained in the coefficient value count code corresponds to transform coefficients having a substantially zero value.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the transform coefficients that are counted have a substantially zero value.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the decoding of the received signal comprises decoding the received signal by amplitude demodulating pairs of frequencies.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the decoding of the received signal comprises decoding the received signal by determining swapping events, and wherein the swapping events correspond to swapping of a spectral amplitude of at least two frequencies.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the decoding of the received signal comprises decoding the received signal by using frequency hopping.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the decoding of the received signal comprises decoding the received signal by using spectral demodulation.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein use of the received signal is prevented based upon the comparison of the coefficient value count contained in the coefficient value count code to the transform coefficient count.

10. A decoder having an input and an output, wherein the input receives a signal, wherein the decoder:

decodes the input signal so as to read a coefficient value count code from the input signal;

transforms the input signal to produce transform coefficients;

counts those transform coefficients having a predetermined value;

compares the coefficient value count contained in the coefficient value count code to the transform coefficient count; and

selectively further processes or discards the input signal based upon the comparison of the coefficient value count contained in the coefficient value count code to the transform coefficient count.

11. The decoder of claim 10 wherein the input signal is an audio signal.

12. The decoder of claim 10 wherein a received zero count is calculated from the transform.

13. The decoder of claim 12 wherein the transformation performed by the decoder is an MDCT.

14. The decoder of claim 10 wherein a received zero count is calculated from coefficients of the transform.

15. The encoder of claim 14 wherein the transform is an MDCT.

16. The decoder of claim 10 wherein the coefficient value count code is decoded by amplitude demodulating pairs of frequencies.

17. The decoder of claim 10 wherein the coefficient value count code is decoded by determining swapping events, and wherein the swapping events correspond to swapping of a spectral amplitude of at least two frequencies in the signal.

18. The decoder of claim 10 wherein the coefficient value count code is decoded using frequency hopping.

19. The decoder of claim 10 wherein the decoder calculates a zero count of the received signal and compares the calculated zero count to a zero count represented by the decoded zero count code.

20. The decoder of claim 19 wherein the decoder detects compression/decompression based upon results from the comparison.

21. The decoder of claim 20 wherein the decoder prevents use of the signal if compression/decompression is detected.

22. The decoder of claim 19 wherein the decoder prevents use of a device based upon results from the comparison.

23. The decoder of claim 19 wherein the calculated zero count is calculated from the transform.

24. The decoder of claim 19 wherein the calculated zero count is calculated from coefficients of the transform.