Fluid delivery device having an electrochemical pump with an ion-exchange membrane and associated method

• US 7,458,965 B2
• Filed: 05/26/2005
• Issued: 12/02/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 05/01/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Microlin LLC
• Original Assignee: Microlin LLC
• Inventors: Joshi, Ashok V., Bhavaraju, Sai, Wright, Jeremy C., Theeuwes, Felix, Zecevic, Strahinja
• Primary Examiner(s): Lucchesi; Nicholas D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bouchelle; Laura A
• Application Number:
  US10/908,804
• Publication Number:
  US 20060052768A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,286 Days
• Field of Search: 604/890.1, 604/891.1, 604/892.1
• US Class Current: 604/892.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0004 Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0024 Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue compositions for intravenous administration, normal injectable solutions or dispersions for, e.g. subcutaneous administration A61K9/0019; brain implants A61K9/0085; (coated) prostheses, catheters or stents A61L
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/14513 with secondary fluid driving or regulating the infusion
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1452 pressurised by means of pistons
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14526 the piston being actuated by fluid pressure

Abstract

The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for controllably adjusting a fluid delivery device. The device includes an electrochemical pump capable of transporting a fluid. A displaceable member is positioned between a pump product chamber and a reservoir, wherein the pump product chamber is capable of retaining water generated from the pump. The displaceable member is controllably displaced upon generation of water from the electrochemical pump and the reservoir contains the fluid that is delivered upon displacement of the displaceable member.

Claims

1. A fluid delivery device, comprising:

an electrochemical pump comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and an ion exchange membrane positioned therebetween, at least one of said electrodes spaced from said ion exchange membrane, wherein the electrochemical pump is capable of transporting water;

an electrochemical pump product chamber, wherein the electrochemical pump product chamber is capable of retaining water transported by the electrochemical pump;

a displaceable member positioned between the electrochemical pump product chamber and a reservoir, wherein the displaceable member is controllably displaced upon transportation of water from the electrochemical pump;

a reservoir, wherein the reservoir is capable of containing a fluid which is delivered upon displacement of the displaceable member; and

,

a housing for containing the electrochemical pump, the electrochemical pump product chamber, the displaceable member, and the reservoir, said housing configured to allow fluid external to said housing to operably communicate with at least one of said electrodes.

2. The fluid delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical pump further comprises an electrical controller.

3. The fluid delivery device according to claim 2, wherein the electrochemical pump further comprises an activation switch, and a support member.

4. The fluid delivery device according to claim 3, wherein the electrochemical pump further comprises a protective porous separator or a protective porous gel that are generally permeable to H₂O molecules or saline.

5. The fluid delivery device according to claim 4, wherein the protective porous separator or protective porous gel comprises a water reservoir or a saline reservoir.

6. The fluid delivery device according to claim 2, wherein the first and second electrodes form a galvanic couple.

7. The fluid delivery device according to claim 2, wherein the ion exchange membrane is either an anionic or cationic ion-exchange type membrane.

8. The fluid delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the displaceable member is selected from the group consisting of a piston, bladder, bellows, diaphragm, plunger, and combination thereof.

9. The fluid delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir contains a fluid selected from the group consisting of a biological, drug, lubricant, fragrant fluid, chemical agent, and mixtures thereof.

10. The fluid delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir includes one or more apertures.

11. A fluid delivery device, comprising:

an electrochemical pump, wherein the electrochemical pump is capable of transporting water, and wherein the electrochemical pump includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an ion exchange membrane, and an electrical controller;

an electrochemical pump product chamber, wherein the electrochemical pump product chamber is capable of retaining water transported from the electrochemical pump;

a displaceable member positioned between the electrochemical pump product chamber and a reservoir, wherein the displaceable member is controllably displaced upon transportation of water from the electrical pump;

a reservoir, wherein the reservoir is capable of containing a fluid which is delivered upon displacement of the displaceable member; and

,

a housing for containing the electrochemical pump, the electrochemical pump product chamber, the displaceable member, and the reservoir, said housing configured to allow fluid external to said housing to operably communicate with at least one of said electrodes.

12. The fluid delivery device according to claim 11, wherein the electrochemical pump further includes an activation switch, and a support member.

13. The fluid delivery device according to claim 11, wherein the electrochemical pump further includes a protective porous separator or a protective porous gel that are generally permeable to H₂O molecules or saline.

14. The fluid delivery device according to claim 13, wherein the protective porous separator or protective porous gel includes a water reservoir or a saline reservoir.

15. The fluid delivery device according to claim 11, wherein the first and second electrodes form a galvanic couple.

16. The fluid delivery device according to claim 11, wherein the ion exchange membrane is either an anion or cationic ion exchange type membrane.

17. The fluid delivery device according to claim 11, wherein the displaceable member is selected from the group consisting of a piston, bladder, bellows, diaphragm, plunger, and combinations thereof.

18. The fluid delivery device according to claim 11, wherein the reservoir contains a fluid selected from the group consisting of a biological, drug, lubricant, fragrant fluid, chemical agent, and mixtures thereof.

19. The fluid delivery device according to claim 11, wherein the reservoir includes one or more apertures.

20. A fluid delivery device, comprising:

an electrochemical pump, wherein the electrochemical pump is capable of transporting water, and wherein the electrochemical pump comprises;

a protective porous separator or protective porous gel operably attached proximate an end of the fluid delivery device, the protective porous separator or protective porous gel are generally permeable to H₂O molecules or saline;

a first electrode compartment that emanates contiguously from the protective porous separator or the protective porous gel;

a first electrode that emanates contiguously from the first electrode compartment;

an ion exchange membrane that emanates contiguously from the first electrode;

a second electrode that emanates contiguously from the ion exchange membrane;

an electrical controller in electrical communication with the first and second electrodes;

an electrochemical pump product chamber, wherein the electrochemical pump product chamber is capable of retaining water transported from the electrochemical pump;

a displaceable member positioned between the electrochemical pump product chamber and a reservoir, wherein the displaceable member is controllably displaced upon transportation of water from the electrochemical pump, and further wherein the reservoir is capable of containing a fluid delivered upon displacement of the displaceable member; and

,

a housing for containing the electrochemical pump, the electrochemical pump product chamber, the displaceable member, and the reservoir, said housing configured to allow fluid external to said housing to operably communicate with at least one of said electrodes.

21. The fluid delivery deice according to claim 20, wherein the electrochemical pump further includes an operably connected activation switch to start and stop the fluid delivery.

22. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the electrochemical pump further includes a support member operably attached to the ion-exchange membrane to provide physical support thereto.

23. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the protective porous separator or protective porous gel further include a water reservoir or a saline reservoir.

24. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the first and second electrodes form a galvanic couple.

25. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the ion exchange membrane is either an anionic or cationic ion-exchange type membrane.

26. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the displaceable member is selected from the group consisting of a piston, bladder, bellows, diaphragm, plunger, and combinations thereof.

27. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the reservoir contains a fluid selected from the group consisting of a biological, drug, lubricant, fragrant fluid, chemical agent, and mixtures thereof.

28. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the reservoir includes one or more apertures.

29. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20, wherein the electrical controller facilitates faster fluid delivery start-up, shut-off, and adjustability of the fluid-delivery rate.

30. The fluid delivery device according to claim 29, wherein the electrical controller is an electrical circuit.

31. The fluid delivery device according to claim 30, wherein the electrical controller provides varied delivery profiles including pulsing.

32. The fluid delivery device according to claim 29, wherein the electrical controller provides varied delivery profiles including pulsing.

33. The fluid delivery device according to claim 20 wherein the electrical controller is controlled remotely.

34. A process for delivering a fluid, comprising the steps of:

providing a fluid delivery device having an electrochemical water-transporting pump supported by a housing;

transporting water from outside the housing using the electrochemical water transporting pump at a rate proportional to an electrical controller signal output;

thereby expanding a volume of an electrochemical pump product chamber;

generating sufficient pressure from the expanded electrochemical pump product chamber; and

,

displacing a displaceable member, and, in turn, controllably expelling fluid from the fluid delivery device.

35. The process according to claim 34 further comprising adjusting a fluid delivery rate profile.

36. The process according to claim 34 further comprises adjusting a fluid delivery rate.

37. The process according to claim 36 wherein adjusting a fluid delivery rate comprises changing thee electrical controller signal output.

38. The process according to claim 34, further comprising:

providing a switch operably coupled between a first electrode and a second electrode; and

,

controlling fluid delivery by activating the switch.