Light scattering detector

• US 7,460,234 B2
• Filed: 09/11/2007
• Issued: 12/02/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 02/17/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Curators of the University of Missouri (University of Missouri)
• Original Assignee: Curators of the University of Missouri (University of Missouri)
• Inventors: Larsen, David W., Xu, Zhi
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, SANG H
• Application Number:
  US11/853,682
• Publication Number:
  US 20070296971A1
• Time in Patent Office: 448 Days
• Field of Search: 356432-444, 356336-343, 356 37- 41, 356 72- 53, 356/244, 356/246, 250/574, 250/339.11, 250/227.22, 250/341.8, 250/222.2, 250/423.R
• US Class Current: 356/436
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/847 by pneumatic means
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8494 Desolvation chambers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/0303 Optical path conditioning in cuvettes, e.g. windows; adapted optical elements or systems; path modifying or adjustment G01N21/031 - G01N21/15 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/47 Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection G01N21/25, G01N21/41 take precedence G01N21/55 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/53 within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0642 Light traps; baffles
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/74 Optical detectors measurement of intensity, velocity, spectral content, polarisation, or phase of infrared, visible or ultraviolet light G01J

Abstract

The invention concerns high sensitivity light scattering detection and its application to evaporative light scattering detection in liquid chromatography. The exemplary embodiment includes a detection cell to accept particles suspended in a gas stream and permit a polarized light beam to pass through a trajectory of the particles and gas stream. A sample light detector is disposed to detect light scattered in the detection cell. A light trap accepts the polarized beam after it passes through the detection cell. The light trap includes an elongated housing through which the polarized beam passes, and light absorptive material within the elongated housing. An absorptive filter is aligned such that the angle of incidence of the light beam upon the filter approximates Brewster'"'"'s angle and the electric field vector of the beam is aligned with the plane of incidence between the beam and the filter. Other embodiments of the invention provide increased light collection. Embodiments of the invention include temperature-controlled entrance and exit ports that control particle trajectory. Embodiments of the invention include a reference cell disposed between a detection cell and a light trap, and the reference cell includes lensing and a spherical mirror to direct light toward a reference light detector. The reference light detector provides a reference signal that may be used with noise cancellation circuitry, operating in either voltage or current mode, to reduce light source noise in the sample signal.

Claims

1. A light scattering detector device, comprising:

a detection cell to accept particles suspended in a gas stream and permit a polarized beam to pass through a trajectory of the particles and gas stream;

a sample light detector disposed to detect light scattered in the detection cell;

a sample compound lens collector to direct light scattered in the detection cell upon the sample light detector;

a spherical mirror to direct light scattered in the detection cell to the compound lens collector;

a light trap that accepts the polarized beam after it passes through the detection cell, the light trap including,

an elongated housing through which the polarized beam passes, and light absorptive material within the elongated housing; and

an absorptive filter disposed to substantially align the electric field vector of the polarized beam with the plane of incidence defined by the polarized beam and the normal to said absorptive filter, and disposed to intersect the polarized beam at an angle of incidence that approximates Brewster'"'"'s angle;

a reference cell through which the polarized beam passes before the polarized beam is accepted by said light trap;

a reference light detector;

a reference cell compound lens collector to direct light scattered in the reference cell upon the reference light detector; and

a spherical mirror to direct light scattered in the reference cell to the reference cell compound lens collector.

2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a light source to produce the polarized beam;

wherein the light source comprises a polarized laser having a power of at least 5 mW.

3. The device of claim 1, further comprising a light source to produce the polarized beam;

wherein the light source comprises an incoherent source with a polarizer.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein said sample compound lens collector comprises two aspheric lenses.

5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a light source to produce the polarized beam;

and

a set of apertures disposed between said light source and said detection cell.

6. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

an inlet port that extends into said detection cell to control the trajectory of the particles and gas stream; and

an exit port that extends into said detection cell to control the trajectory of the particles and gas stream.

7. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

an inlet port that extends into said detection cell to control the trajectory of the particles and gas stream; and

an exit port that extends into said detection cell to control the trajectory of the particles and gas stream.

8. The device of claim 7, further comprising means to heat said inlet port and said exit port, wherein said detection cell is thermally isolated from said exit port and said inlet port.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein said detection cell is thermally nonconductive so that it is thermally isolated from said exit port and said inlet port.

10. The device of claim 8, wherein said detection cell is insulated from said exit port and said inlet port so that it is thermally isolated from said exit port and said inlet port.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein said absorptive filter comprises an absorptive neutral density filter.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein said absorptive filter comprises an absorptive band pass filter having a pass band set to mismatch the band of the polarized beam.

13. The device of claim 1, wherein the electric field vector and the plane of incidence defined by the polarized beam and the normal to said absorptive filter align within 2°

or less.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein the electric field vector and the plane of incidence defined by the polarized beam and the normal to said absorptive filter align within 1°

or less.

15. A light scattering detector device, comprising:

a detection cell to accept particles suspended in a gas stream and permit a polarized beam to pass through a trajectory of the particles and gas stream;

a sample light detector disposed to detect light scattered in the detection cell;

a sample compound lens collector to direct light scattered in the detection cell upon the sample light detector;

a light trap that accepts the polarized beam after it passes through the detection cell, the light trap including,

an elongated housing through which the polarized beam passes, and light absorptive material within the elongated housing; and

an absorptive filter disposed to substantially align the electric field vector of the polarized beam with the plane of incidence defined by the polarized beam and the normal to said absorptive filter, and disposed to intersect the polarized beam at an angle of incidence that approximates Brewster'"'"'s angle;

a reference cell through which the polarized beam passes before the polarized beam is accepted by said light trap;

a reference light detector; and

a reference cell compound lens collector to direct light scattered in the reference cell upon the reference light detector.