Method for control of input power distribution in a motor vehicle with hybrid engine drive

• US 7,469,169 B2
• Filed: 08/10/2004
• Issued: 12/23/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Original Assignee: Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Inventors: Dreibholz, Ralf, Kaltenbach, Johannes, Tenbrock, Friedrich, Kaindl, Markus, Frotscher, Gerd, Gebert, Jürgen, Fröschl, Joachim
• Primary Examiner(s): Keith; Jack W
• Assistant Examiner(s): Diacou; Ari M
• Application Number:
  US10/914,957
• Publication Number:
  US 20050038577A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,596 Days
• Field of Search: 903/924, 903/926, 701/22, 701/99, 180/65.2, 180/65.3
• US Class Current: 701/22
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/02 comprising more than one electric motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/442 Series-parallel switching type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/11 using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance utilising navigation and traffic information in the control strategy B60W20/12
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/083 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Abstract

A method for controlling and regulating the input power distribution of prime movers in a power train (1) of a motor vehicle which has one internal combustion engine (2), at least one electric machine (6, 14), at least one clutch (4, 11), the same as one transmission (12), and in which there is at least one control and regulation unit which, on the basis of predetermined, measuring and calculated values, controls and regulates the input power distribution between the internal combustion engine (2) and at least one electric machine (6, 14) with regard to power dynamics of the vehicle, the same as its energy consumption, its emission and its driving comfort. In addition, departing from a signalized input power wish, it is provided that existing nominal operating values for the operation of at least one electric machine (6, 14) is changed to new nominal operating values adapted to the actual input power wish and to changed operating situations of the vehicle and, that to determine the new nominal operating values for at least one electric machine (6, 14), the future maximum and minimum torques and outputs are precalculated, the same as the efficiency degree or losses thereof.

Claims

1. A method for control and regulation of input power distribution of at least one primer mover in a power train (1) of a vehicle which has at least one internal combustion engine (2), at least one electric machine (6, 14) operable as at least one of a prime mover or as a generator, at least one clutch (4, 11) and a transmission (12) and in which there is at least one control and regulation unit for controlling and regulating the input power distribution to the transmission between said internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14) with regard to power dynamics of the vehicle, energy consumption of the vehicle, emission and driving comfort of the vehicle, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving at least one of a driver'"'"'s signalized input power requirement and an operating state of the vehicle;

reading at least one previously calculated stored nominal operating value for at least one of the electric machine and an electric storage device connected with the electric machine;

determining a current power loss of the at least one of the electric machine and the electric storage device based on the previously calculated nominal operating values;

calculating a current maximum and minimum output power of the at least one of the electric machine and the electric storage device and calculating a new at least one nominal operating value for the at least one of the electric machine and the electric storage device;

distributing the driver'"'"'s signalized input power requirement between the input power of the combustion engine and the at least one of the electric machine and the electrical storage device according to the new nominal operating value for the at least one of the electric machine and the electrical storage device; and

storing the new at least one nominal operating value for the at least one of the electrical machine and the electrical storage device as a next at least one previously calculated stored nominal operating value for the at least one of the electric machine and the electrical storage device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a new nominal operating value P_EM—

_nominalnew for an electric machine (6, 14) is calculated in said power train (1) according to an equation

P<sub>EM—

nominal—

new</sub>=f(P_loss, P<sub>EM—

max</sub>, P<sub>EM—

min</sub>, P<sub>SP—

max</sub>, P<sub>SP—

min</sub>)

where P_loss stands for the actual power loss of one electric machine (6, 14), P<sub>EM—

max</sub> and P<sub>EM—

min</sub> are the electric maximum and minimum outputs of said electric machines (6, 14) and P<sub>SP—

max</sub>, the same as P<sub>SP—

min</sub>, indicate the maximum and minimum state of charge of one electric memory (10).

3. A method for control and regulation of input power distribution of a prime mover in a power train (1) of a vehicle which has at least one internal combustion engine (2) at least one electric machine (6, 14) operable as at least one of a prime mover or as a generator, at least one clutch (4, 11) and a transmission (12) and in which there is at least one control and regulation unit which, on the basis of at least one of predetermined measured and calculated values,

controlling and regulating the input power distribution to the transmission between the internal combustion engine (2) and the electric machine (6, 14) with regard to power dynamics of the vehicle, energy consumption of the vehicle, emission and driving comfort of the vehicle;

departing from a signalized input power wish, existing nominal operating values for operating the at least one electric machine (6, 14) are changed to new nominal operating values adapted to one or more of an actual input power wish and changed operating situations of the vehicle; and

to determine the new nominal operating values for the at least one electric machine (6, 14), pre-calculating maximum and minimum torques of the at least one electric machine (6, 14) and correlated with the efficiency degree and power losses of the at least one electric machine (6, 14),

wherein a new nominal operating value P<sub>EM—

nominal—

new</sub> for an electric machine (6, 14) is calculated in said power train (1) according to an equation;

P<sub>EM—

nominal—

new</sub>=f(P_loss, P<sub>EM—

max</sub>, P<sub>EM—

min</sub>, P<sub>SP—

max</sub>, P<sub>SP—

min</sub>)

in which P_loss stands for the actual power loss of one electric machine (6, 14), P<sub>EM—

max</sub> and P<sub>EM—

min</sub> are the electric maximum and minimum outputs of the at least one electric machine (6, 14) and P<sub>SP—

max</sub> and P<sub>SP—

min</sub> indicate the maximum and minimum state of charge of one electric memory (10); and

the electric power loss of the electric machine (6, 14) P_loss results from the following equation;

$P_{\mathrm{loss}<br><br>}=\left(V_{\mathrm{EM}}*I_{\mathrm{EM}}-P_{\mathrm{EM\_nominal}}\right)*\frac{P_{\mathrm{EM\_nominal}}}{P_{\mathrm{EM\_actual}}}$

in which V_EM is a connection voltage of the electric machine (6, 14), I_EM stands for an electric current in the electric machine, P<sub>EM—

actual</sub> is a mechanical actual power and P<sub>EM—

nominal</sub> is a mechanical nominal power of the electric machine (6, 14).

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein for pre-calculating the future maximum and minimum torque and/or outputs, the same as the efficiency degree and/or losses, use is made of measured values from one or several of the prior control and/or regulation cycles.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein for precalculating the one or more of the future maximum and minimum torques and outputs, the same as the one or more of the efficiency degree and losses, an electric power loss P_loss of one electric machine (6, 14) is determined.

6. A method for controlling the input power distribution to a vehicle transmission between at least one internal combustion engine (2) and at least one electric machine (6, 14) in a vehicle having at least one controller unit for carrying out the method according to the steps of:

connecting the at least one internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14) in parallel with the vehicle transmission to enable input power distribution to the vehicle transmission from both the internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14)

controlling the input power distribution between said internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14) via the controller unit according to power dynamics of the vehicle, energy consumption of the vehicle, emission and driving comfort of the vehicle by the further steps of;

obtaining a driver'"'"'s signalized input power requirement and an operating state of the vehicle;

recalling known previously calculated stored nominal operating values for the at least one electric machine (6, 14);

determining a current power loss of the at least one electric machine based on the previously calculated known nominal operating values of the at least one electric machine;

precalculating a current maximum and minimum output power of at least one of the at least one electric machine and an electrical storage unit for the at least one electric machine and deducing a new nominal operating value for the at least one electric machine (6, 14) as a function of the current power loss and the precalculated current maximum and minimum output power the at least one of the at least one electric machine the electrical storage device;

distributing the driver'"'"'s signalized input power requirement between the input power of the combustion engine and the at least one electric machine or electrical storage device according to the new nominal operating value for the at least one electric machine (6, 14); and

storing the new nominal operating value for the at least one electrical machine as a next previously calculated stored nominal operating value for the at least one electric machine (6, 14).

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising the step wherein the new nominal operating value P_EM—

<sub>nominal—

new</sub> for the at least one electric machine (6, 14) is calculated according to an equation;

P<sub>EM—

nominal—

new</sub>=f(P_loss, P<sub>EM—

max</sub>, P<sub>EM—

min</sub>, P<sub>SP—

max</sub>, P<sub>SP—

min</sub>)

wherein P_loss stands for the actual power loss of the at least one electric machine (6, 14), P<sub>EM—

max</sub> and P<sub>EM—

min</sub> are the electric maximum and minimum outputs of said electric machines (6, 14) and P<sub>SP—

max</sub>, and P<sub>SP—

min</sub>, indicate the maximum and minimum state of charge of an electric storage unit (10).

8. A method for controlling the input power distribution to a vehicle transmission between at least one internal combustion engine (2) and at least one electric machine (6, 14) in a vehicle having at least one controller unit for carrying out the method according to the steps of:

connecting the at least one internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14) in parallel with the vehicle transmission to enable input power distribution to the vehicle transmission from both the internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14);

controlling the input power distribution between the internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14), via the controller unit, according to power dynamics of the vehicle, energy consumption of the vehicle, emission and driving comfort of the vehicle by the further steps of;

obtaining a driver'"'"'s signalized input power requirement and an operating state of the vehicle;

recalling known nominal operating values for the at least one electric machine (6, 14);

determining a power loss of the at least one electric machine based on the known nominal operating values of the at least one electric machine;

precalculating a maximum and a minimum output power of the at least one electric machine or an electrical storage unit and deducing a new nominal operating value for the at least one electric machine (6, 14) as a function of the power loss and the precalculated maximum and minimum output power of the at least one electric machine or an electrical storage device; and

distributing the driver'"'"'s signalized input power requirement between the input power of the combustion engine and the at least one electric machine or electrical storage device according to the new nominal operating value for the at least one electric machine (6, 14);

wherein the new nominal operating value P<sub>EM—

nominal—

new</sub> for the at least one electric machine (6, 14) is calculated according to an equation;

P<sub>EM—

nominal—

new</sub>=f(P_loss, P<sub>EM—

max</sub>, P<sub>EM—

min</sub>, P<sub>SP—

max</sub>, P<sub>SP—

min</sub>)

in which P_loss stands for the actual power loss of the at least one electric machine (6, 14), P<sub>EM—

max</sub> and P<sub>EM—

min</sub> are the electric maximum and minimum outputs of the at least one electric machine (6, 14) and P<sub>SP—

max</sub>, and P<sub>SP—

min</sub>, indicate the maximum and minimum state of charge of an electric storage unit (10) and

the electric power loss of the electric machine (6, 14) P_loss results from the following equation;

$P_{\mathrm{loss}<br><br>}=\left(V_{\mathrm{EM}}*I_{\mathrm{EM}}-P_{\mathrm{EM\_nominal}}\right)*\frac{P_{\mathrm{EM\_nominal}}}{P_{\mathrm{EM\_actual}}}$

in which V_EM is a connection voltage of the electric machine (6, 14), I_EM stands for an electric current in the electric machine, P<sub>EM—

actual</sub> is a mechanical actual power and P<sub>EM—

nominal</sub> is a mechanical nominal power of the electric machine (6, 14).

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of precalculating the maximum and minimum output power of the at least one electric machine by obtaining measured values from at least one of a prior input power distribution control cycle.

10. The method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of wherein for precalculating the maximum and minimum output power, an electric power loss P_loss of one electric machine (6, 14) is determined.

11. A method for control and regulation of input power distribution of power train components (1) of a vehicle, the power train components including at least an internal combustion engine (2) at least one electric machine (6, 14) operable as at least one of a prime mover and as a generator, at least one clutch (4, 11) and one transmission (12) and in which there is at least one control and regulation unit, comprising the steps of:

reading at least one stored previously calculated nominal operation value for the at least one electric machine;

receiving at least one of a signalized input power demand from a vehicle operator and a change in an operating stated of the vehicle,

calculating at least a current power loss value of the at least one electrical machine based on the at least one stored previously calculated nominal operation value, and

determining at least one new nominal operation value for the at least one electric machine (6, 14) by calculating maximum and minimum torques of the at least one electric machine (6, 14) according to a change in at least one of an efficiency and a power loss of the at least one electric machine (6, 14) where the at least one of the efficiency and the power loss are determined from measurement data from a previous control cycle,

controlling and regulating an input power distribution to the transmission between said internal combustion engine (2) and the at least one electric machine (6, 14) with regard to power dynamics of the power train components, energy consumption of the power train components, emissions of the power train components and driving comfort of the vehicle, and

storing the new least one nominal operating value for the at least one electrical machine as a next stored previously calculated nominal operating value.