PLL frequency synthesizer circuit and frequency tuning method thereof

• US 7,474,166 B2
• Filed: 03/31/2005
• Issued: 01/06/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Renesas Electronics Corporation
• Original Assignee: NEC Electronics Corporation (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Tanaka, Toshiyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): KINKEAD, ARNOLD M
• Application Number:
  US11/094,144
• Publication Number:
  US 20050218947A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,377 Days
• Field of Search: 331/185, 331/177.V, 331/117.FE, 331/117.R, 331/167
• US Class Current: 331/177.00V
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1215 the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1228 the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1253 the transistors being field-effect transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1265 switched capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1293 having means for achieving a desired tuning characteristic, e.g. linearising the frequency characteristic across the tuning voltage range
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/099 concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/10 for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/102 the additional signal being directly applied to the controlled loop oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/183 a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number H03L7/1806 takes precedence

Abstract

A PLL frequency synthesizer circuit includes a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided with a capacitor, an inductor, and a variable capacitor element oscillating using the resonance frequencies of the capacitor and inductor, for outputting the oscillation frequency signal of a variable capacitor element, a negative feedback loop circuit capable of looping the signal output from the voltagecontrolled oscillator circuit and performing a frequency acquisition operation for adjusting the frequency of the signal to a desired locking frequency, a tuning circuit for performing tuning so that the oscillation frequency approaches the locking frequency, by modulating the capacitance value of the capacitor of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit prior to the frequency acquisition operation, and a reference potential application circuit for applying a reference potential to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit during the tuning operation performed by the tuning circuit.

Claims

1. A PLL frequency synthesizer circuit integrated on a semiconductor integrated circuit, comprising:

a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided with a capacitor, an inductor, and a variable capacitor element for oscillating using the resonance frequencies of the capacitor and inductor, for outputting the oscillation frequency signal of the variable capacitor element;

a negative feedback loop circuit configured to comprise the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, capable of looping the signal output from the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit and performing a frequency acquisition operation for adjusting the frequency of the signal to a desired locking frequency;

a tuning circuit, connected to the loop circuit to receive the signal output, for performing tuning so that the oscillation frequency approaches the locking frequency, by modulating the capacitance value of the capacitor of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit prior to the frequency acquisition operation; and

a reference potential application circuit for selectively applying a reference potential to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit during the tuning operation performed by the tuning circuit, the reference voltage application circuit is configured to switch between two types of electrical potentials to be applied to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit during the tuning operation.

5. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 1, wherein the two types of electrical potentials are each fixed potentials.

6. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of the two types of electrical potentials is set to a value at which the C-V characteristics of the variable capacitor element are saturated.

7. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 6, wherein each of the two types of electrical potentials is set to a value at which the C-V characteristics of the variable capacitor element are saturated even if the C-V characteristics of the variable capacitor element fluctuate due to manufacturing variation.

8. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 1, wherein one of the two types of electrical potentials is a power supply potential, and the other is a ground potential.

9. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 1, wherein the tuning circuit is configured so as to execute:

a first tuning operation for applying one of the two types of electrical potentials to the variable capacitor element of the voltagecontrolled oscillator circuit; and

a second tuning operation for applying the other of the two types of electrical potentials to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit.

2. A PLL frequency synthesizer circuit integrated on a semiconductor integrated circuit, comprising:

a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided with a capacitor, an inductor, and a variable capacitor element for oscillating using the resonance frequencies of the capacitor and inductor, for outputting the oscillation frequency signal of a variable capacitor element;

a negative feedback loop circuit configured to comprise the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, capable of looping the signal output from the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit and performing a frequency acquisition operation for adjusting the frequency of the signal to a desired locking frequency;

a tuning circuit for performing tuning so that the oscillation frequency approaches the locking frequency, by modulating the capacitance value of the capacitor of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit prior to the frequency acquisition operation; and

a reference potential application circuit for applying a reference potential to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit during the tuning operation performed by the tuning circuit, wherein an element is used as the variable capacitor element having characteristics such that the voltage range in which the capacitor characteristics of the variable capacitor element vary in linear fashion is narrower than the absolute value of the voltage applied to the second terminal from the first terminal of the variable capacitor element.

3. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 2, wherein a MOS capacitor is used as the variable capacitor element.

4. A PLL frequency synthesizer circuit integrated on a semiconductor integrated circuit, comprising:

a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided with a capacitor, an inductor, and a variable capacitor element for oscillating using the resonance frequencies of the capacitor and inductor, for outputting the oscillation frequency signal of a variable capacitor element;

a negative feedback loop circuit configured to comprise the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, capable of looping the signal output from the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit and performing a frequency acquisition operation for adjusting the frequency of the signal to a desired locking frequency;

a tuning circuit for performing tuning so that the oscillation frequency approaches the locking frequency, by modulating the capacitance value of the capacitor of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit prior to the frequency acquisition operation; and

a reference potential application circuit for applying a reference potential to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit during the tuning operation performed by the tuning circuit, wherein when the frequency variation amount of a step by which the oscillation frequency is switched by adjustment of the capacitance value is fvco_and the variation range of the oscillation frequency by voltage control is Δ

fvco, then the value of fvco_is set such that the following condition is satisfied;

fvco_step≦

Δ

fvco/4.

10. A PLL frequency synthesizer circuit integrated on a semiconductor integrated circuit, comprising:

a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided with a capacitor, an inductor, and a variable capacitor element for oscillating using the resonance frequencies of the capacitor and inductor, for outputting the oscillation frequency signal of the variable capacitor element;

a negative feedback loop circuit configured to comprise the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, capable of looping the signal output from the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit and performing a frequency acquisition operation for adjusting the frequency of the signal to a desired locking frequency;

a tuning circuit, connected to the loop circuit to receive the signal output, for performing tuning so that the oscillation frequency approaches the locking frequency, by modulating the capacitance value of the capacitor of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit prior to the frequency acquisition operation; and

a reference potential application circuit for applying a reference potential to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit during the tuning operation performed by the tuning circuit, wherein the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is provided with a plurality of capacitors,

wherein the tuning circuit modulates the capacitance value used in the generation of the resonance frequency, by selecting any of the capacitors from among the plurality of capacitors.

11. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 10, wherein the tuning circuit retrieves a first setting value for the capacitance value at which the oscillation frequency most closely approaches the locking frequency by modulating the capacitance value used in the generation of the resonance frequency in the first tuning operation performed in a state in which the potential applied to the variable capacitor element is set to one of the two potentials.

12. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 11, wherein the tuning circuit retrieves a second setting value for the capacitance value at which the oscillation frequency most closely approaches the locking frequency by modulating the capacitance value used in the generation of the resonance frequency in the second tuning operation performed in a state in which the potential applied to the variable capacitor element is set to the other of the two potentials.

13. The PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 12, wherein the tuning circuit performs a third tuning operation for setting the capacitance value used in the generation of the resonance frequency to a third setting value that is near the midpoint between the first and second setting values, and completes the tuning operation.

14. A method for tuning the oscillation frequency of a PLL frequency synthesizer circuit comprising:

a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided with a capacitor, an inductor, and a variable capacitor element for oscillating using the resonance frequencies of the capacitor and inductor, for outputting the oscillation frequency signal of a variable capacitor element; and

a negative feedback ioop circuit configured to comprise the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, capable of looping the signal output from the voltagecontrolled oscillator circuit and performing a frequency acquisition operation for adjusting the frequency of the signal to a desired locking frequency;

the frequency tuning method for a PLL frequency synthesizer circuit, the method comprising;

performing a first tuning such that the oscillation frequency approaches the locking frequency, by modulating the capacitance value of the capacitor of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit in a state in which one of two types of electrical potentials is applied to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit; and

performing a second tuning such that the oscillation frequency approaches the locking frequency, by modulating the capacitance value of the capacitor of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit in a state in which the other of the two types of electrical potentials is applied to the variable capacitor element of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, these steps being performed prior to the frequency acquisition operation.

15. The frequency tuning method for a PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 14, further comprising a step of retrieving a first setting value for the capacitance value at which the oscillation frequency most closely approaches the locking frequency when the first tuning is executed, and a step of retrieving a second setting value for the capacitance value at which the oscillation frequency most closely approaches the locking frequency when the second tuning is executed.

16. The frequency tuning method for a PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 15, wherein the second tuning is initiated using the first setting value as the initial capacitance value.

17. The frequency tuning method for a PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to claim 15, wherein prior to the frequency acquisition operation, the capacitance value used in the generation of the resonance frequency is set to a third setting value that is near the midpoint between the first and second setting values.