Multiwavelength smoke detector using white light LED

• US 7,474,227 B2
• Filed: 04/26/2007
• Issued: 01/06/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Tyco Fire & Security GmbH (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Original Assignee: Simplexgrinnell LP (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Inventors: Qualey, James R III
• Primary Examiner(s): PHAM, TOAN NGOC
• Application Number:
  US11/796,008
• Publication Number:
  US 20070285263A1
• Time in Patent Office: 621 Days
• Field of Search: 340/630, 340/628, 340/629, 340/693.6, 250/287, 250/336.1, 250/339.01, 250/339.06, 250/339.15, 324/464, 73/250.1
• US Class Current: 340/630
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/107 for detecting light-scattering due to smoke

Abstract

A smoke detector includes a smoke detection chamber containing a white light LED and a light detector. The light detector detects light within at least two distinct optical wavelength bands, and generates respective signals indicative of the intensities of the detected light. An analyzer determines, based on the measured light intensities of the different wavelength bands, whether a dangerous smoke/fire condition is present.

Claims

1. A smoke detector, comprising:

a smoke detection chamber;

a light source having a broad optical spectrum; and

a light detector which detects light within at least two distinct optical wavelength bands within said spectrum, the detector generating signals having amplitudes which are responsive to intensities of the detected light, both the light source and light detector being within the detection chamber.

2. The smoke detector of claim 1, further comprising:

an analyzer which determines, based on the measured light intensities of the different wavelength bands, whether a dangerous smoke/fire condition is present.

3. The smoke detector of claim 2, the analyzer comprising an estimator which, responsive to the measured light intensities, estimates a size distribution of an aerosol.

4. The smoke detector of claim 3, the estimator performing its estimation using an inversion algorithm based on equations for Mie scattering.

5. The smoke detector of claim 2, the analyzer comprising a comparator which compares the measured light intensities with previously measured intensity data for at least one aerosol of known composition.

6. The smoke detector of claim 5, further comprising:

means for storing the previously measured smoke and aerosol spectral signatures.

7. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light detector comprising a photodetector capable of measuring different wavelengths independently of each other.

8. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light source being a white light LED.

9. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light source being a broad-spectrum LED.

10. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light detector comprising a multi-element photodetector, each element being sensitive to a different wavelength band.

11. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light detector comprising a charge-coupled device with wavelength-selective filters applied in various combinations to the detections elements.

12. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light detector comprising multiple photodiodes, each photodiode being sensitive to a different wavelength band.

13. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light source emitting substantially white light.

14. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light source emitting, and at least one of the wavelength bands including, infrared light.

15. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light source emitting, and at least one of the wavelength bands including, ultraviolet light.

16. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light detector detecting only scattered light.

17. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light detector detecting only transmitted light.

18. The smoke detector of claim 1, the light detector detecting both scattered and transmitted light.

19. The smoke detector of claim 1, further comprising:

communication means for forwarding information about the measured light intensities of the different wavelength bands to a system controller, the system controller comprising an analyzer which determines, based on the measured light intensities of the different wavelength bands, whether a dangerous smoke/fire condition is present.

20. The smoke detector of claim 19, raw measured light intensity values being forwarded.

21. The smoke detector of claim 19, further comprising:

processing means for processing the measured light intensities of the different wavelength bands prior to generating the information to be forwarded.

22. The smoke detector of claim 19, the analyzer comprising an estimator which, responsive to the measured light intensity information, estimates a size distribution of an aerosol.

23. The smoke detector of claim 22, the estimator performing its estimation using an inversion algorithm based on equations for Mie scattering.

24. The smoke detector of claim 19, the analyzer comprising a comparator which compares the measured light intensities with previously measured intensity data for at least one aerosol of known composition.

25. The smoke detector of claim 24, the system controller further comprising means for storing the previously-measured smoke and aerosol spectral signatures.

26. The smoke detector of claim 1, wherein the light detector is a wideband detector, the smoke detector further comprising:

a variable color filter placed which passes only a narrow passband of said spectrum to the light detector, said passband being selectable.

27. The smoke detector of claim 1, wherein the light source has a sufficiently broad optical spectrum so that the light detector detects scattered light and transmitted light.

28. A smoke detector, comprising:

in a smoke detection chamber a light source for providing light having a broad optical spectrum, and light detection means for detecting light within at least two distinct optical wavelength bands within said spectrum;

means for generating signals having amplitudes which are responsive to intensities of the detected light; and

means for determining, based on the measured light intensities of the different wavelength bands, whether a dangerous smoke/fire condition is present.

29. The smoke detector of claim 28, said means for determining whether a dangerous smoke/fire condition is present comprising:

means for estimating, responsive to the measured light intensities, a size distribution of an aerosol.

30. The smoke detector of claim 28, said means for determining whether a dangerous smoke/fire condition is present comprising:

means for comparing the measured light intensities with previously measured intensity data for at least one aerosol of known composition.

31. The smoke detector of claim 28, the broad spectrum comprising substantially white light.

32. The smoke detector of claim 28, said light source emitting, and at least one of the wavelength bands including, at least one of:

visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light.

33. The smoke detector of claim 28, said light detection means detecting at least one of scattered light and transmitted light.

34. The smoke detector of claim 28, further comprising:

means for forwarding information about the measured light intensities of the different wavelength bands to a system controller.

35. The smoke detector of claim 34, raw measured light intensity values being forwarded.

36. The smoke detector of claim 28, wherein the light source has a sufficiently broad optical spectrum so that the light detector detects scattered light and transmitted light.