Sensing photons from object in channels

• US 7,479,625 B2
• Filed: 04/07/2008
• Issued: 01/20/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Lean, Meng H., Kiesel, Peter, Johnson, Noble M., Volkel, Armin R., Schmidt, Oliver
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee; John R
• Application Number:
  US12/098,584
• Publication Number:
  US 20080197272A1
• Time in Patent Office: 288 Days
• Field of Search: 250/208.2, 250/578.1
• US Class Current: 250/226
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/0346 Capillary cells; Microcells
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1734 Sequential different kinds of measurements; Combining two or more methods
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6421 Measuring at two or more wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6482 Sample cells, cuvettes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/05 Flow-through cuvettes G01N21/09 takes precedence; handling fluid samples G01N1/10
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/645 Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/65 Raman scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/658 enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons

Abstract

A fluidic structure includes a channel and along the channel is a series of sensing components to obtain information about objects traveling within the channel, such as droplets or other objects carried by fluid. At least one sensing component includes a set of cells of a photosensor array. The set of cells photosense a range of photon energies that emanate from objects, and include a subset of cells that photosense within subranges. A processor can receive information about objects from the sensing components and use it to obtain spectral information. The processor can perform an initial analysis using information from one set of sensing components and, based on the results, control a fluidic device in the channel, such as a gate, to retain objects, such as for concentration and more detailed analysis by other sensing components, or to purge objects from the channel.

Claims

1. Apparatus comprising:

a fluidic structure with a channel defined therein within which objects travel, the objects being capable of emanating light within a range of photon energies as the objects travel within the channel; and

along the channel, a sensing component;

the sensing component including;

a set of cells of a photosensor array; and

a transmission structure positioned so that emanating light from an object traveling within the channel can enter it;

the transmission structure responding to emanating light that enters it by providing output light, the transmission structure being structured so that photon energies of the output light vary as a function of position;

the sensing component being structured so that each of a subset of two or more cells in the set receives a respective part of the output light that is in a respective subrange of the range of photon energies and so that the subranges of at least two cells in the subset are different from each other;

the transmission structure including at least one of;

a coating on the set of cells;

a coating on a support structure over the set of cells;

a Fabry-Perot cavity filter;

a Fabry-Perot etalon;

paired distributed Bragg reflectors; and

a single distributed Bragg reflector.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an assembly that includes the photosensor array and the transmission structure, the photosensor array and transmission structure being attached to each other.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the fluidic structure includes a surface outside the channel and disposed toward the sensing component;

the apparatus further comprising;

an assembly that includes the photosensor array and the transmission structure;

on the surface, spacers that support the assembly with a gap between the assembly and the surface.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the transmission structure has optical thickness that varies as a function of position.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the transmission structure extends in x-and y-directions, its optical thickness varying in one or both of x- and y-directions.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

circuitry connected to receive signals indicating photosensing quantities from the set of cells;

the circuitry determining which photosensed quantities result from the object'"'"'s emanating light.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the circuitry further uses photosensed quantities resulting from the object'"'"'s emanating light to obtain spectral information about the object.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:

along the channel upstream from the sensing component, a pre-sensing component that provides pre-sensing signals to the circuitry;

the circuitry using the pre-sensing signals to obtain information about the object before it travels past the sensing component.

9. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the fluidic structure includes a fluidic device connected to receive control signals from the circuitry;

the circuitry providing the control signals to control the object'"'"'s travel through the channel based on the photosensed quantities resulting from the object'"'"'s emanating light.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the fluidic structure includes a portion of the channel that is adjacent the sensing component and that is operable as an antiresonant waveguide.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:

an illumination component that can provide illumination to cause the portion of the channel to operate as an antiresonant waveguide.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the transmission structure has a set of regions, each region transmitting photons within one of the respective subranges.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a lens component that receives the emanating light from the object traveling within the channel and provides a parallel portion of the emanating light to the transmission structure;

the lens component including at least one of;

a Selfoc®

lens array; and

a gradient index lens array.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the sensing component is further structured so that each of a subset of reference cells in the set can receive a respective part of the output light that has photon energies throughout the range of photon energies.

15. Apparatus comprising:

a fluidic structure with a channel defined therein within which objects travel, the objects being capable of emanating light within a range of photon energies as the objects travel within the channel, the objects emanating light through at least one of emission, scattering, and transmission; and

along the channel, a sensing component;

the sensing component including;

a set of cells of a photosensor array; and

a transmission structure positioned so that emanating light from an object traveling within the channel can enter it;

the transmission structure responding to emanating light that enters it by providing output light;

the transmission structure being a coating on the set of cells or on a support structure over the set of cells;

the transmission structure being structured with varying optical thickness so that photon energies of the output light vary as a function of position, the varying optical thickness resulting from at least one of varying thickness and varying index of refraction;

the transmission structure including at least one of;

a Fabry-Perot cavity filter;

a Fabry-Perot etalon;

paired distributed Bragg reflectors; and

a single distributed Bragg reflector;

the sensing component being structured so that each of a first line of two or more subrange cells in the set receives a respective part of the output light that is in a respective subrange of the range of photon energies and so that the subranges of at least two subrange cells in the subset are different from each other;

the sensing component further being structured so that each of a second line of two or more reference cells in the set receives a respective part of the output light that has photon energies throughout the range of photon energies;

the first and second lines including pairs of cells that are near each other, each pair including a respective subrange cell in the first line and a respective reference cell in the second line.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 in which the photosensor array includes at least one of:

a two-dimensional array of cells that includes the first and second lines;

circuitry for performing CCD readout of the set of cells; and

circuitry for performing CMOS readout of the set of cells.

17. A method of using a fluidic structure with a channel defined therein within which objects travel, the method comprising:

causing objects to travel within the channel, each of a set of at least one of the objects emanating light within a range of photon energies as the objects travel within the channel; and

transmitting a portion of the emanating light from the objects in the set to provide output light to a set of cells of a photosensor array, photon energies of the output light varying as a function of position on the photosensor array;

each of a subset of two or more cells in the set receiving a respective part of the output light that is in a respective subrange of the range of photon energies;

the respective subranges of at least two cells in the subset being different from each other; and

operating each of the cells in the subset to photosense the respective part of the output light;

the act of transmitting the portion of the emanating light being performed with a transmission structure that includes at least one of;

a coating on the set of cells;

a coating on a support structure over the set of cells;

a Fabry-Perot cavity filter;

a Fabry-Perot etalon;

paired distributed Bragg reflectors; and

a single distributed Bragg reflector.

18. The method of claim 17 in which each cell in the subset obtains photosensed quantities in response to its respective part of the output light;

the method further comprising;

using the photosensed quantities to obtain spectral information about objects in the set.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

Providing control signals to a fluidic device in the channel based on the spectral information, the fluidic device responding to the control signals by directing movement in the channel of one or more objects in the set.

20. The method of claim 17 in which the objects in the set include one or more of droplets, small volumes of fluid, single molecules, agglomerated molecules, molecule clusters, biological cells, viruses, bacteria, proteins, DNA, microparticles, nanoparticles, and emulsions.