System and method for identifying the solar potential of rooftops

• US 7,500,391 B2
• Filed: 04/25/2007
• Issued: 03/10/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Pendulum, LLC
• Original Assignee: Ecometriks LLC
• Inventors: Woro, Aaron William
• Primary Examiner(s): Allen; Andre J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jenkins; Jermaine
• Application Number:
  US11/740,087
• Publication Number:
  US 20080105045A1
• Time in Patent Office: 685 Days
• Field of Search: 731/702.7, 126/621, 126/623
• US Class Current: 73/170.27
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 2201/00 Prediction; Simulation
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 40/90 Arrangements for testing solar heat collectors
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 50/00 Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
• CPC Class Codes: G01W 1/12 Sunshine duration recorders measuring intensity of sunshine G01J
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/13 Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/20 Design optimisation, verification or simulation optimisation, verification or simulation of circuit designs G06F30/30
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/40 Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Abstract

A system and method for identifying the solar potential of rooftops. In one embodiment, solar-potential criteria and three-dimensional spatial data and tabular data, for a selected area including parcels on which the rooftops are located, are entered into a geographic information system. Three-dimensional aerial data of the selected area, including the rooftops in the selected area, is collected. Solar azimuth and altitude angles are calculated for regular intervals to generate shadow simulation data representing shadows cast onto the rooftops by obstructions. The shadow simulation data is intersected with the XYZ coordinates of the rooftop shapes, as determined from the aerial data, to generate rooftop shade patterns for specific intervals over a specific period of time. The tabular data and the rooftop shade patterns are then used to determine addresses and per-parcel specifications of buildings having said rooftops meeting the solar-potential criteria.

Claims

1. A method for identifying the solar potential of rooftops comprising:

entering, into a geographic information system, solar-potential criteria and three-dimensional spatial data and tabular data, including parcel addresses, for a selected area including parcels on which the rooftops are located;

collecting three-dimensional aerial data of the selected area, including the rooftops in the selected area, wherein each of the rooftops comprises one or more rooftop shapes;

calculating solar azimuth and altitude angles for regular intervals to generate XYZ shadow simulation data representing shade cast onto the rooftops by obstructions;

intersecting the shadow simulation data with XYZ coordinates of the rooftop shapes to generate the shade cast by the obstructions onto the rooftops for specific intervals over a specific period of time; and

using the tabular data and the shade cast by the obstructions to determine addresses and per-parcel specifications of buildings having said rooftops meeting the solar-potential criteria.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the shade cast by the obstructions onto the rooftops is determined by:

generating a virtual city for the selected area using raw data from a digital elevation model, integrated with data from real-world features from the aerial data, of the selected area;

extracting the rooftop shapes as three-dimensional data, from the virtual city; and

determining the shade cast by obstructions from the shadow simulation data, by generating spatial coverages that represent annual shade extent, on each of the rooftop shapes, of each corresponding one of the obstructions.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obstruction shadows are determined by:

locating an established surface at zero relative elevation at a point A on a particular said obstruction casting shade onto one of the rooftops;

locating the top B of the particular obstruction via XYZ data, using the Z value for point A;

calculating the height of the particular obstruction;

locating point C of triangle ABC by determining the XYZ location on the established surface based on the position of the sun relative to the particular obstruction;

extracting the height of the particular obstruction and the hypotenuse of shade triangle ABC to yield the distance the triangle can cover; and

generating a shadow arc of annual shade cast by the particular obstruction, using calculations, for each desired said interval, employing solar altitude and azimuth data.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the XYZ data from a digital elevation model is used to locate the top B of the obstruction and to locate point C.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional spatial data includes a digital elevation model of the selected area.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the tabular data includes solar irradiance levels for the selected area.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerial data is collected via remote sensing technology.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the aerial data is collected via infrared imaging.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the aerial data is collected via interferometric synthetic aperture radar.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the tabular data and the spatial data include data selected from the list of data types consisting of size of building surface, slope parameters, texture variance, and distance above a recognized surface.

11. A method for identifying the solar potential of rooftops comprising:

collecting three-dimensional aerial data of a selected area including parcels within which the rooftops are located;

generating a digital elevation model of the selected area from the aerial data;

generating obstruction shadows for each obstruction casting a shadow onto one of the rooftops, using solar positions calculated at intervals over a specific period of time;

determining usable area remains, on each of the rooftops, from the digital elevation model and the obstruction shadows;

intersecting the usable area remains with total roof area, for each of the rooftops, to generate shadow-free areas on the rooftops that are free of said obstruction shadows over the specific period; and

using the shadow-free areas and tabular data for parcels in the selected area to determine addresses and per-parcel solar potential specifications of buildings having said rooftops.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the shadow-free areas are determined by:

generating a virtual city for the selected area using raw data from a digital elevation model, integrated with data from real-world features from the aerial data, of the selected area;

extracting the rooftop shapes as three-dimensional data, from the virtual city;

calculating the shade cast by obstructions from the shadow simulation data, by generating multiple arcs that represent annual shade extent, on each of the rooftop shapes, of each corresponding one of the obstructions; and

deleting all points that exist outside the coordinate boundaries of the shade cast by obstructions, to yield the shadow-free areas.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the obstruction shadows are determined by:

locating an established surface at zero relative elevation at a point A on a particular said obstruction casting shade onto one of the rooftops;

locating the top B of the particular obstruction via the three-dimensional aerial data, using the Z value for point A;

calculating the height of the particular obstruction;

locating point C of triangle ABC by determining the XYZ location on the established surface based on the position of the sun relative to the particular obstruction;

extracting the height of the particular obstruction and the hypotenuse of shade triangle ABC to yield the distance the triangle can cover; and

generating a shadow arc of annual shade cast by the particular obstruction, using calculations, for each desired said interval, employing solar altitude and azimuth data.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the XYZ data used to locate the top B of the obstruction and to locate point C is extracted from the virtual city.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the tabular data includes solar irradiance levels for the selected area.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the aerial data is collected via remote sensing technology.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the tabular data and the spatial data further include data selected from the list of data types consisting of parcel addresses, size of building surface, slope parameters, texture variance, and distance above a recognized surface.

18. A method for identifying the solar potential of rooftops in a selected area comprising:

generating a virtual city for the selected area using raw data from a digital elevation model, integrated with data from real-world features, of the selected area;

extracting rooftop shapes from the virtual city as three-dimensional data;

extracting geospatial data from the digital elevation model, including three-dimensional data files representing the rooftops, wherein the rooftops are identified by their respective parcel addresses, and wherein each of the rooftops comprises one or more rooftop shapes;

extracting, from the virtual city, the rooftop shapes as sections of each of the rooftops;

calculating solar azimuth and altitude angles for regular intervals over a specific time period to generate XYZ shadow simulation data representing shadows cast onto the rooftops by obstructions;

running a programmed data model over an annual period using the solar azimuth and altitude angles to generate a set of rendered shading files comprising the XYZ shadow simulation data;

agglomerating the rendered shading files into a single file;

extracting shadows cast by obstructions from the shadow simulation data by intersecting the shadow simulation data with XYZ coordinates of the rooftop shapes, to generate XYZ patterns that represent annual shadow extent of each of the obstructions for specific intervals over a specific period of time; and

identifying the solar potential of rooftops in the selected area by using tabular data for parcels in the selected area and the shadow simulation data to correlate addresses of buildings having said rooftops with predetermined solar-potential criteria.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the tabular data and the geospatial data include data selected from the list of data types consisting of parcel addresses, size of building surface, slope parameters, texture variance, and distance above a recognized surface.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the digital elevation model is generated from data acquired via remote sensing technology.

21. A method for identifying the solar potential of rooftops in a selected area comprising:

determining XYZ data values for the rooftops and obstructions from aerial data corresponding to the selected area;

determining the shade cast by each of the obstructions onto each of the rooftops by;

locating an established surface at zero relative elevation at a point A on a particular said obstruction casting shade onto one of the rooftops;

locating the top B of the particular obstruction via the XYZ data values, using the Z data value for point A;

calculating the height of the particular obstruction;

locating point C of triangle ABC by determining the XYZ location on the established surface based on the position of the sun relative to the particular obstruction;

extracting the height of the particular obstruction and the hypotenuse of shade triangle ABC to yield the distance the triangle can cover; and

generating a shadow arc of annual shade cast by the particular obstruction, using calculations, for each desired said interval, employing solar altitude and azimuth data; and

identifying the solar potential of rooftops in the selected area by using tabular data for parcels in the selected area and the shadow arc of annual shade cast by each of the obstructions to correlate addresses of buildings having said rooftops with predetermined solar-potential criteria.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the XYZ data values used to locate the top B of the obstruction and to locate point C are extracted from a digital elevation model.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the aerial data is collected via remote sensing technology.

24. A system for identifying the solar potential of rooftops comprising:

means for collecting three-dimensional aerial data of a selected area including parcels on which the rooftops are located, wherein the aerial data includes obstruction shadows cast over the rooftops;

means for generating a digital elevation model of the selected area;

means for determining usable area remains, on each of the rooftops, from the digital elevation model, the obstruction shadows, and solar zenith angles calculated at intervals over a twelve month period;

means for extracting roof shapes from the digital elevation model; and

means for intersecting the usable area remains with the total roof area, for each of the rooftops, to generate data having spatial attributes indicating areas on the rooftops that are free of said obstruction shadows over the twelve month period.