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Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

  • US 7,503,944 B2
  • Filed: 11/08/2002
  • Issued: 03/17/2009
  • Est. Priority Date: 11/09/2001
  • Status: Expired due to Term
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First Claim
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1. A method of improving combustion of a fuel, said method comprising the step of adding one or more combustion catalysts or enhancers to the fuel at a concentration of less than 1 part by weight of combustion catalyst or enhancer per 1000 million parts of fuel;

  • wherein the adding step comprises dissolving the one or more combustion catalysts or enhancers in the fuel or a solvent and dispersing the dissolved one or more combustion catalysts or enhancers in the fuel;

    wherein the one or more combustion catalysts or enhancers are at least one of ruthenium (IV) oxide, ruthenium (III) chloride, ruthenium (III) chloride trihydrate, ruthenium (III) bromide and its hydrates, ammonium aquopentachlororuthenium (III) (NH4)2RuCl5.H2O, potassium ruthenium (VI) oxide, rhodium (III) oxide, rhodium (III) chloride and its hydrates, rhodium (III) nitrate and its hydrates, iridium (III) chloride, iridium (III) oxide, iridium (IV) oxide, hydrogen hexachloroiridium (IV) and its hydrates, ammonium hexachloroiridium (IV) and its hydrates, osmium tetroxide, osmium (III) chloride, platinum black, platinum (IV) oxide and its hydrates, platinum (II) chloride, platinum (IV) chloride, polyvinylchloride, ammonium nitrate, hydrogen hexachloroplatinum (IV) hydrate, hydrogen hexahydroxoplatinum (IV), potassium hexachloroplatinate (IV);

    hydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV);

    tetraamineplatinum (II) chloride monohydrate, dinitritodiamineplatinum (II), dihydrogen sulphatodinitrito platinum (II), tetraamineplatinum (II) dinitrate, palladium (II) chloride, palladium (II) oxide, palladium (II) nitratedihydrate, ammonium hexachloropalladium (IV), tetraaminepalladium (II) nitrate, potassium tetracyanopalladium (II) trihydrate, potassium perrhenate, rhenium (III) chloride, tris (acetyl acetonate) rhenium (III), cis-Dichloro(2,2′

    -bipyridine)platinum (II) PtCl2(C10H8N2), dichloro(l,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II) PtCl2(C8H12), 2-hydroxyethanethiolato(2,2′

    ,2″

    -terpyridine)platinum (II) nitrate [Pt(C2H5OS) (C15H11N3)]NO3, tricarbonylchloroiridium (I), [IrCl (CO)3]n, chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium (I) dimer [IrCl (C8H12)]2, trans-dichlorobis (ethylenediamine)iridium (III) chloride trans-[IrCl2(C2H8N2)2]Cl, rhodium (II) octanoate dimer Rh2[O2C(CH2)6CH3]4, acetylacetonato(l,5-cyclooctadiene) rhodium (I) Rh(C8H12)(C5H7O2), acetylacetonato (norbornadiene) rhodium (I) Rh(C7H8)(C5H7O2), hydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I) RhH(PPh3)4, diacetatobis (triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (CH3CO2)2Pd(PPh3)2, Bis(dibenzylideneacetone) palladium(0) Pd(C17H14O)2, Dichloro [1,2-bis (diphenyiphosphino) ethane] palladium (II) PdCl2(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2), Palladium (II) trifluoracetate Pd(CF3CO2)2, Acetatohydridotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II) RuH(OCOCH3)(PPh3)3, Bis(benzene)dichlorodi-.mu.-chiorodiruthenium (II)[RuCl2(C6H6)2]2, Tris(2,2′

    -bipyridine)ruthenium (0) (C10H8N2)3Ru, Carbonyldihydridotris(triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II) RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3, Bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium (II) “

    Ruthenocene”

    (C5H5)2Ru, Dihydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II) RuH2(PPh3)4, Ruthenium (III) hexafluoroacetylacetonate Ru(CF3COCHCOCF3)3, Ammonium nitrate, Dichloroethylenediamineplatinum (II) [Pt(C2H8N2)Cl2], Bis(acetylacetonato)platinum (II) [Pt(C5H7O2)2], Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum (II) [Pt(Cl2(PPh3)2], Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)platinum (O) [Pt(PPh3)4], Bis(acetylacetonato)palladium (II) [Pd(C5H702)2], Dichloro(cycloocta-l,5-diene)palladium (II) [Pd(C8H12)Cl2], Chloro(.pi.-allyl)palladium (II) dimer[Pd(.pi.—

    C3H5)Cl]2, Palladium (II) acetate trimer {Pd(CH3CO2)2]3, Tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium (III) [Ru(C5H7O2)3], Hydridocarbonyltris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I) [Rh(H)(CO)(PPh3)3], Acetylacetonatodicarbonyirhodium (I) [Rh(CO)2(C5H7O2)], Tris(acetylacetonato)rhodium (III) [Rh(C5H702)3], Bromotris (triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I) [RhBr(PPh3)3], Rhodium (II) acetate dimer [Rh2(CO2CH3)4], Tris(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) [Ir(C5H7O2)3], Dodecacarbonyltriosmium (0)0s3(CO)12, Palladium (II) Chloride or the bromide, iodide, nitrate hydrate, oxide, sulfate hydrate and hydroxide;

    Tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0);

    Dichloro(1,1-bisdiphenylphosphino) ferrocenepalladium (II);

    Allylpalladium (II) Chloride Dimer;

    trans-Dichlorobis (acetonitrile)palladium (II);

    trans-Dichlorobis (benzonitrile)palladium (II);

    trans-Dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine)palladium (II);

    trans-Acetato (triphenylphosphine)palladium (II);

    Dichloro(norbornadiene)palladium (II);

    2,4 ñ

    Pentanedionate Palladium (II);

    Platinum (II) Chloride;

    Platinum (IV) Chloride, or bromide, iodide and sulfide salts;

    Platinum (IV) Oxide Hydrate (Adamsi Catalyst);

    2,4 ñ

    Pentanedionate Platinum (II);

    Dibromo(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II);

    Diiodo(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II);

    Diphenyl(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II);

    Dichlorobis(acetonitrile)platinum (II);

    Dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum (II);

    Dichloro(norbornadiene)platinum (II);

    Dihydrogen Hexachloroplatinum (IV);

    Rhodium (III) Chloride Hydrate;

    Rhodium (III) Iodide, or oxide, sulfate or bromide salts;

    2,4-Pentanedionate Rhodium (III);

    Dicarbonyl 2,4-Pentanedionate Rhodium (I);

    Chiorotris (triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I);

    Bromocarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I);

    Chlorocarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I);

    Chloro(norbornanediene)rhodium (I) Dimer;

    Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium (I) tetrafluoroborate;

    Ruthenium (III) Chloride Hydrate, or the oxide, bromide, iodide and amine salts;

    Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II);

    Dichlorotricarbonylruthenium (II) Dimer;

    2,4—

    Pentanedionate Ruthenium (III);

    Dichloro(l,5-cyclooctadiene)ruthenium (III) Oligomer;

    Dicarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II);

    Tri-ruthenium (0)Dodecacarbonyl;

    Ruthenium Nitrosylnitrate;

    Iridium (IV) Chloride Hydrate, iridium (III) chloride, oxide, hydroxide, bromide, sulfate or iodide salts;

    2,4-Pentanedionate Iridium (III);

    2,4-Pentanedionate Dicarbonyliridium (I);

    Chlorocarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) iridium (I);

    Hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)iridium (I);

    Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium (I) tetrafluoroborate;

    Osmium (VIII) Oxide, the fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, nitrate salts and hydrates in soluble form of the following metals;

    Lanthanum, Cerium, Praeseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, the fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate or nitrate salts or hydrates of the following elements;

    Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese, Iron, Copper, Molybdenum, Vanadium, Zirconium, Chromium, Aluminum, Thorium, Cadmium, Tin, Tantalum, Titanium and Carbon or a noble element or compound thereof.

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