Automatic baroreflex modulation responsive to adverse event

• US 7,509,166 B2
• Filed: 12/24/2003
• Issued: 03/24/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Libbus, Imad
• Primary Examiner(s): Layno; Carl H
• Assistant Examiner(s): MALAMUD, DEBORAH LESLIE
• Application Number:
  US10/745,925
• Publication Number:
  US 20050149127A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,917 Days
• Field of Search: 607/9
• US Class Current: 607/9
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36117 for treating hypertension
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36139 with automatic adjustment
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3627 for treating a mechanical deficiency of the heart, e.g. congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36564 controlled by blood pressure

Abstract

An aspect of the present subject matter relates to a system for providing baroreflex stimulation. An embodiment of the system comprises an adverse event detector to sense an adverse event and provide a signal indicative of the adverse event, and a baroreflex stimulator. The stimulator includes a pulse generator to provide a baroreflex stimulation signal adapted to provide a baroreflex therapy, and a modulator to receive the signal indicative of the adverse event and modulate the baroreflex stimulation signal based on the signal indicative of the adverse event to change the baroreflex therapy from a first baroreflex therapy to a second baroreflex therapy. Other aspects are provided herein.

Claims

1. A baroreflex stimulator, comprising:

an electrode adapted to be positioned proximate to sensory nerve endings for a receptor sensitive to pressure;

an implantable pulse generator configured to provide a baroreflex stimulation signal through the electrode to the sensory nerve endings to control blood pressure through a baroreflex response that reduces coronary vascular resistance and increases blood flow;

means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event; and

means for controlling blood pressure using the implantable device and the electrode. wherein the means for controlling blood pressure includes;

means for performing a first baroreflex therapy when the adverse event is not detected, wherein the means for performing the first baroreflex therapy includes means for delivering a first baroreflex stimulation signal through the electrode to the sensory nerve endings; and

means for adjusting blood pressure for the predetermined adverse event when the adverse event is detected, wherein the means for adjusting blood pressure includes means for automatically performing a second baroreflex therapy when the adverse event is detected, and wherein the means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy includes means for delivering a second baroreflex stimulation signal through the electrode to the sensory nerve endings.

2. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 1, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse cardiac event; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the adverse cardiac event is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the cardiac event is detected.

3. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 2, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a detected arrhythmia; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the arrhythmia is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the arrhythmia is detected.

4. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 3, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a detected tachycardia; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the tachycardia is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the tachycardia is detected.

5. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 3, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a detected fibrillation; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the fibrillation is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the fibrillation is detected.

6. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 2, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a detected non-arrhythmic cardiac event; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the non-arrhythmic cardiac event is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the non-arrhythmic cardiac event is detected.

7. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 1, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a detected non-cardiac event; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the non-cardiac event is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the non-cardiac event is detected.

8. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 7, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a stroke; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the stroke is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the stroke is detected.

9. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 7, wherein:

the means for receiving a signal regarding a detected adverse event includes means for receiving a signal regarding a precursor to a cardiac arrhythmia; and

the means for controlling blood pressure includes means for performing the first baroreflex therapy when the precursor to the cardiac arrhythmia is not detected, and means for automatically performing the second baroreflex therapy when the precursor to the cardiac arrhythmia is detected.

10. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 1, wherein the baroreflex stimulation signal has an amplitude, and the means for modulatin the baroreflex stimulation signal includes means for adjusting the amplitude of the baroreflex stimulation signal.

11. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 1, wherein the baroreflex stimulation signal has a frequency, and the means for modulating the baroflex stimulation signal includes means for adjusting the frequency of the baroreflex stimulation signal.

12. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 1, wherein the baroreflex stimulation signal has a duty cycle, and the means for modulatin the baroreflex stimulation signal includes means for adjusting the duty cycle of the baroreflex stimulation signal.

13. The baroreflex stimulator of claim 1, wherein the baroreflex stimulation signal has a morphology, and the means for modulating the baroreflex stimulation signal includes means for adjusting the morphology of the baroreflex stimulation signal.

14. The stimulator of claim 1, wherein the electrode and the implantable pulse generator are configured to target the sensory nerve endings with the baroreflex stimulation signal while avoiding other neural pathways to stimulate a desired response while reducing undesired effects of the stimulation.

15. A method for operating an implantable medical device, comprising:

receiving a signal regarding a detected predetermined adverse event at a baroreceptor stimulator;

controlling blood pressure, including;

performing a first baropacing therapy using the baroreceptor stimulator when the predetermined adverse event is not detected, wherein performing a first baropacing therapy includes delivering a first baroreflex stimulation signal through an electrode to sensory nerve endings for a receptor sensitive to pressure, the first baroreflex stimulation signal being adapted to provide the first baropacing therapy to control blood pressure through a baroreflex response that reduces coronary vascular resistance and increases blood flow; and

adjusting blood pressure for the predetermined adverse event when the predetermined adverse event is detected, including automatically performing a second baropacing therapy using the baroreceptor stimulator when the predetermined adverse event is detected, wherein automatically performing a second baropacing therapy includes delivering a second baroreflex stimulation signal through the electrode to the sensory nerve endings sensitive to pressure, the second baroreflex stimulation signal being adapted to provide the second baropacing therapy to control blood pressure through a baroreflex response that reduces coronary vascular resistance and increases blood flow.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein automatically performing a second baropacing therapy includes performing a maximum baropacing therapy.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein automatically performing a second baropacing therapy includes identifying the adverse event, and applying a baropacing therapy for the identified adverse event.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising tuning the baropacing therapy for the adverse event.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein tuning the baropacing therapy for the adverse event includes comparing an acquired therapy to a target parameter to provide a comparison, and adjusting the baropacing therapy based on the comparison.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising detecting the adverse event using an adverse event detector in the implantable medical device, and sending the signal regarding the adverse event to a baroreflex stimulator in the implantable medical device.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising delivering baroreflex stimulation through a lead adapted to be fed through a right ventricle and pulmonary valve into a pulmonary artery.

22. The method of claim 15, wherein both delivering the first baroreflex stimulation signal and delivering the second baroreflex stimulation signal to sensory nerve endings includes targeting the sensory nerve endings with the baroreflex stimulation signal while avoiding other neural pathways to stimulate a desired response while reducing undesired effects of the stimulation.