Reducing viscosity of oil for production from a hydrocarbon containing formation

• US 7,510,000 B2
• Filed: 04/22/2005
• Issued: 03/31/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Shell Oil Company (Shell Plc)
• Original Assignee: Shell Oil Company (Shell Plc)
• Inventors: Pastor-Sanz, Guillermo, Vinegar, Harold J.
• Primary Examiner(s): WRIGHT, GIOVANNA COLLINS
• Application Number:
  US11/112,736
• Publication Number:
  US 20050269091A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,439 Days
• Field of Search: 166/306, 166/60, 166/372, 166/61, 166/302, 392301-306
• US Class Current: 166/60
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 36/04 using electrical heaters
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/12 Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells E21B43/25 takes precedence; valve arrangements E21B34/00
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/122 Gas lift
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/24 using heat, e.g. steam injection
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/2401 by means of electricity
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/2405 in association with fracturing or crevice forming processes E21B43/247 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/38 in the well
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/141 Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds

Abstract

Certain embodiments provide a method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation. The method includes applying electrical current to one or more electrical conductors located in an opening in the formation to provide an electrically resistive heat output. The heat is allowed to transfer from the electrical conductors to a part of the formation containing hydrocarbons so that a viscosity of fluids in the part and at or near the opening in the formation is reduced. Gas is provided at one or more locations in the opening such that the fluids are lifted in the opening towards the surface of the formation. The fluids are produced through the opening.

Claims

1. A method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:

providing heat from a plurality of heaters in a plurality of wellbores to a section of the formation located below the surface of the formation, wherein heat from at least one heater in a first wellbore is superpositioned with heat from at least one other heater in a second wellbore to produce hydrocarbon containing formation fluid in the section;

applying electrical current through one or more lead-in cables directly to one or more electrical conductors located in an opening in the formation, wherein the applied electrical current resistively heats the electrical conductors to provide electrically resistive heat output;

allowing heat to transfer from one or more of the electrical conductors to a part of the formation containing at least a portion of the generated hydrocarbon containing formation fluid so that a viscosity of hydrocarbon fluids in the part and at or near the opening adjacent to the part is reduced;

cycling between allowing formation fluid into a lift chamber in the opening through one or more check valves while inhibiting flow of lift gas into the lift chamber through one or more gas injection valves and inhibiting formation fluid into the lift chamber by closing one or more of the check valves while allowing lift gas into the lift chamber through one or more of the gas injection valves to transport formation fluid in the lift chamber through a conduit to the surface of the formation.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the gas reduces the density of the fluids.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluids are lifted towards the surface of the formation by the formation pressure.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising placing the one or more electrical conductors in the opening.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein fluids in formation have an initial API of at most 20°

.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein fluids in formation have an initial viscosity of at least 0.05 Pa·

s.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of fluids at or near the opening is reduced to at most 0.03 Pa·

s.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the lift chamber is located below the section.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas comprises methane.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the gas through one or more valves located along the conduit.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising limiting a temperature in the formation at or near the lift chamber to at most 250°

C.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying AC or modulated DC to the one or more electrical conductors.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material, at least one of the electrical conductors provides a first heat output when time-varying electrical current flows through the one or more electrical conductors, and the one or more electrical conductors provide a second heat output above or near a selected temperature, the second heat output being reduced compared to the first heat output.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising automatically providing the second heat output.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the second heat output is at most 90% of the first heat output, the first heat output being at about 50°

C below the selected temperature.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the selected temperature is approximately the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic material.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a heat output from at least one of the electrical conductors, wherein a power factor of the electrical conductors remains above 0.85.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon containing formation is a relatively permeable formation containing heavy hydrocarbons.

19. A method for producing hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:

providing heat from a plurality of heaters in a plurality of wellbores to a section of the formation located below the surface of the formation, wherein heat from at least one heater in a first wellbore is superpositioned with heat from at least one other heater in a second wellbore to produce hydrocarbon containing formation fluid in the section;

resistively heating a conductor located in an opening in the formation to provide heat that reduces viscosity of fluid adjacent to the conductor, wherein at least a portion of the conductor is located adjacent to a lift chamber in the opening;

cycling between allowing liquid formation fluid including at least some hydrocarbons from the section into the lift chamber through one or more check valves while inhibiting flow of lift gas into the lift chamber through one or more gas injection valves and inhibiting formation fluid into the lift chamber by closing one or more of the check valves while allowing lift gas into the lift chamber through one or more of the gas injection valves to transport formation fluid in the lift chamber through a conduit to the surface of the formation; and

producing at least a portion of vaporized formation fluid including at least some hydrocarbons from the section through a separate pathway in the opening to limit an amount of vaporized formation fluid passing through the lift chamber.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein at least a portion of the lift chamber is located below the section.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the electrical conductor comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material that provides a first heat output when time-varying electrical current flows through the electrical conductor, and the electrical conductor provides a reduced heat output above or near a selected temperature.