Method and apparatus to create a sound field

• US 7,515,719 B2
• Filed: 03/27/2002
• Issued: 04/07/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Yamaha Corporation
• Original Assignee: Cambridge Mechatronics Limited
• Inventors: Davies, James, Easton, Mark George, Troughton, Paul Thomas, Goudie, Angus Gavin, Windle, Paul Raymond, Ryan, Damon Thomas, Bienek, Irving Alexander, Hooley, Anthony
• Primary Examiner(s): Mei; Xu
• Application Number:
  US10/471,451
• Publication Number:
  US 20040151325A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,568 Days
• Field of Search: 381/1, 381 17- 19, 381/61, 381/63, 381/332, 381/335, 381/307, 381/310
• US Class Current: 381/18
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 13/0081 the high-energy beam being acoustic, e.g. sonic, infrasonic or ultrasonic
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 15/04 Sound-producing devices G10K15/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/26 Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/403 loud-speakers
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2201/401 2D or 3D arrays of transducers
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2203/12 Beamforming aspects for stereophonic sound reproduction with loudspeaker arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2205/022 Plurality of transducers corresponding to a plurality of sound channels in each earpiece of headphones or in a single enclosure
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 3/12 for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers specially adapted for hearing aids H04R25/407
• CPC Class Codes: H04S 1/002 Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field H04S7/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04S 3/00 Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic H04S5/00, H04S7/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04S 3/002 Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field H04S7/30

Abstract

The invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for taking an input signal, replicating it a number of times and modifying each of the replicas before routing them to respective output transducers such that a desired sound field is created. This sound field may comprise a directed beam, focussed beam or a simulated origin. In a first aspect, delays are added to sound channels to remove the effects of different travelling distances. In a second aspect, a delay is added to a video signal to account for the delays added to the sound channels. In a third aspect, different window functions are applied to each channel to give improved flexibility of use. In a fourth aspect, a smaller extent of transducers is used top output high frequencies than are used to output low frequencies. An array having a larger density of transducers near the centre is also provided. In a fifth aspect, a line of elongate transducers is provided to give good directivity in a plane. In a sixth aspect, sound beams are focussed in front or behind surfaces to give different beam widths and simulated origins. In a seventh aspect, a camera is used to indicate where sound is directed.

Claims

1. A method of creating a sound field comprising a plurality of channels of sound using an array of output transducers, said method comprising:

for each channel, selecting a first delay value in respect of each output transducer, said first delay value being chosen in accordance with the position in the array of the respective transducer;

selecting a second delay value for each channel, said second delay value being chosen in accordance with the expected travelling distance of sound waves of that channel from said array to a listener;

obtaining, in respect of each output transducer, a delayed replica of a signal representing each channel, each delayed replica being delayed by a value having a first component comprising said first delay value and a second component comprising said second delay value.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said second delay is applied to each signal representing said channel before said signal is replicated;

each replica then being delayed by the respective first delay value.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said first delay value is also chosen in accordance with a given direction so that each channel of sound is directed in respective direction.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein each channel is directed in a different respective direction.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said second delay value is chosen such that corresponding parts of all sound channels reach the listener at substantially the same time.

6. A method according to claim 1, said plurality of channels comprising at least one surround sound channel and there additionally being a center channel, said array of output transducers being used to direct the at least one surround sound channel in a predetermined direction, said method comprising:

for the at least one surround sound channel, selecting the first delay values in accordance with the position in the array of the respective transducer so as to direct the at least one surround sound channel in said predetermined direction;

for the center channel, selecting a second delay value, said second delay value being chosen in accordance with the expected travelling distance of sound waves of the channels from the array to the listener;

obtaining, in respect of each output transducer, a delayed replica of a signal representing the center channel, each delayed replica being delayed by said second delay value;

outputting said delayed replicas using said array of output transducers.

7. A method according to claim 6, further comprising:

for the center channel, selecting a first delay value in respect of each output transducer, said first delay values being chosen in accordance with the position in the array of the respective transducer so as to direct the center channel in a predetermined direction;

and wherein said step of obtaining, in respect of each output transducer, a delayed replica of a signal representing the center channel further comprises;

delaying each replica of the signal representing said center channel by the first delay value calculated for the respective output transducer and the center channel.

8. A method according to claim 6, wherein replicas of the signal representing said center channel are not delayed by values other than said second delay value, said second delay values being the same for each replica of the signal.

9. A method according to claim 6, wherein said second delay is applied to each signal representing said center channel before said signal is replicated.

10. A method according to claim 6, wherein said sound field comprises two surround sound channels, each surround sound channel being directed in a different direction.

11. A method according to claim 6, wherein said second delay value is chosen such that corresponding parts of all sound channels reach the listener at substantially the same time.

12. A method according to claim 6, wherein said delayed replicas of the signal representing the at least one surround sound channel are added to respective delayed replicas of the signal representing the center channel before being output by the respective output transducers.

13. A method according to claim 6, wherein the sound waves of said at least one surround sound channel are bounced off a surface such as a wall before reaching the listener.

14. A method according to claim 6, wherein said output transducers are directly driven by class-BD PWM amplifiers.

15. Apparatus for creating a sound field comprising:

a plurality of inputs for a plurality of respective signals representing different sound channels;

an array of output transducers;

a replicator arranged to obtain, in respect of each output transducer, a replica of each respective input signal;

a first delay element arranged to delay each replica of each signal by a respective first delay value chosen in accordance with the position in the array of the respective output transducer;

a second delay element arranged to delay each replica of each signal by a second delay value chosen for each channel in accordance with the expected travelling distance of sound waves of that channel from the array to a listener.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said second delay element is arranged to delay said input signals before they are replicated by said replicator.

17. Apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said first delay value is also chosen in accordance with a given direction so that each channel of sound is directed in said respective direction.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein each channel is directed in a different direction.

19. Apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said second delay element is arranged to choose said second delay for each channel such that all sound channels reach a listener at substantially the same time.

20. Apparatus according to claim 15, said plurality of signals comprising a signal representing at least one surround sound channel;

said apparatus comprising;

an input signal receiver for receiving said plurality of signals and a signal representing a center channel;

said replicator being arranged to obtain, in respect of each output transducer, a replica of said signal representing said at least one surround sound channel and a replica of said signal representing a center channel;

said first delay element being arranged to delay each replica of said signal representing said at least one surround sound channel by said respective first delay value chosen in accordance with the position in the array of the respective transducer so as to direct the channel in a predetermined direction;

said second delay element being arranged to delay each replica of said signal representing said center channel by a second delay value chosen in accordance with the expected travelling distance of sound waves of the channels from the array to a listener.

21. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said first delay element is also arranged to delay each replica of said signal representing said center channel by a respective first delay value chosen in accordance with the position in the array of the respective transducer so as to direct the center channel in a predetermined direction.

22. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said second delay element is arranged to delay said input signals before they are replicated by said replicator.

23. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said sound field comprises two surround sound channels, and said first delay element is arranged to cause each surround sound channel to be directed in a different direction.

24. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said second delay element is arranged to choose said second delay for the channels such that all sound channels reach a listener at substantially the same time.

25. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said first delay element and said second delay element are the same physical element.

26. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said output transducers are directly driven by class-BD PWM amplifiers.