Intelligent solid state lighting

• US 7,521,667 B2
• Filed: 11/06/2006
• Issued: 04/21/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/23/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ABL IP Holding LLC (Acuity Brands, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Advanced Optical Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Ramer, David P, Rains, Jack C. Jr., May, Don F.
• Primary Examiner(s): PYO, KEVIN K
• Application Number:
  US11/593,015
• Publication Number:
  US 20070045524A1
• Time in Patent Office: 897 Days
• Field of Search: 250/228, 250/216, 250/239, 250/205, 315/134, 315/149, 356/215, 356/225, 356/236, 362234-235, 362255-257
• US Class Current: 250/228
• CPC Class Codes: F21K 9/62 using mixing chambers, e.g. housings with reflective walls
• CPC Class Codes: F21K 9/68 Details of reflectors forming part of the light source
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 10/02 changing colors F21S10/002 - F21S10/007, F21S10/04 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 2/00 Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 11/10 of iris type
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 14/06 by movement of refractors in vehicle head lamps F21S41/635
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 2200/13 the light being emitted at the end of the guide
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 23/0442 activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 23/0457 the sensor sensing the operating status of the lighting device, e.g. to detect failure of a light source or to provide feedback to the device
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 5/008 Combination of two or more successive refractors along an optical axis
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 7/0008 providing for indirect lighting
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 7/24 characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 7/28 characterised by coatings
• CPC Class Codes: F21W 2131/406 for theatres, stages or film studios
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2113/00 Combination of light sources
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2113/13 comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2113/20 of different form
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2115/10 Light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/08 Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for photometry standard sources, also using luminescent or radioactive material
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0216 : using light concentrators or collectors or condensers
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0218 : using optical fibers
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0254 : Spectrometers, other than colorimeters, making use of an integrating sphere
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0256 : Compact construction
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0264 : Electrical interface; User interface
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0286 : Constructional arrangements for compensating for fluctuations caused by temperature, humidity or pressure, or using cooling or temperature stabilization of parts of the device; Controlling the atmosphere inside a spectrometer, e.g. vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/10 : Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/50 : using electric radiation detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/501 : Colorimeters using spectrally-selective light sources, e.g. LEDs
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/0252 : using holographic or diffractive means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/0278 : used in transmission
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/0284 : used in reflection
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0008 : the light being emitted at the end of the fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 15/06 : Special arrangements of screening, diffusing, or reflecting devices, e.g. in studio
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 13/0404 : the light source being enclosed in a box forming the character of the sign
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 13/06 : using individual cut-out symbols or cut-out silhouettes, e.g. perforated signs
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 13/14 : Arrangements of reflectors therein
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 13/22 : electroluminescent electroluminescent light sources per se H05B33/00
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 35/00 : Electric light sources using a combination of different types of light generation
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/00 : Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/20 : Controlling the colour of the light
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/22 : using optical feedback
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/30 : Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Abstract

A light fixture, using one or more solid state light emitting elements utilizes a diffusely reflect chamber to provide a virtual source of uniform output light, at an aperture or at a downstream optical processing element of the system. Systems disclosed herein also include a detector, which detects electromagnetic energy from the area intended to be illuminated by the system, of a wavelength absent from a spectrum of the combined light system output. A system controller is responsive to the signal from the detector. The controller typically may control one or more aspects of operation of the solid state light emitter(s), such as system ON-OFF state or system output intensity or color. Examples are also discussed that use the detection signal for other purposes, e.g. to capture data that may be carried on electromagnetic energy of the wavelength sensed by the detector.

Claims

1. A lighting system, comprising:

an optical integrating cavity having a reflective interior surface, at least a portion of which exhibits a diffuse reflectivity, and having an optical aperture for allowing emission of reflected light from within the interior of the optical integrating cavity into a region to facilitate a humanly perceptible lighting application for the system;

at least one solid state light emitting element for emitting visible light, each solid state light emitting element being coupled to supply visible light to enter the optical integrating cavity in such a manner that substantially all light emitted from each solid state light emitting element reflects diffusely at least once within the interior of the optical integrating cavity before emission through the optical aperture toward the region;

a detector for detecting electromagnetic energy from the region of a wavelength at least substantially absent from a spectrum of the reflected light; and

a controller for controlling an amount of visible light supplied to the cavity by the at least one solid state light emitting element,

wherein the controller receives a detection signal from the detector.

2. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the detector comprises an IR or UV photodetector.

3. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the detector is coupled to the optical integrating cavity so as receive the electromagnetic energy of said wavelength after passage from the region through the optical aperture into the interior of the optical integrating cavity.

4. The lighting system of claim 3, wherein the detector is coupled to a location in the optical integrating cavity at which at least a substantial portion of the electromagnetic energy of said wavelength entering the optical integrating cavity from the region through the optical aperture is reflected one or more times off the reflective interior surface of the optical integrating cavity before reaching the location of coupling of the detector.

5. The lighting system of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to implement the controlling of the amount of visible light supplied to the cavity by the at least one solid state light emitting element responsive to the detection signal from the detector.

6. The lighting system of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to turn on and turn off the at least one solid state light emitting element in response to predetermined changes in the detection signal from the detector.

7. The lighting system of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to process the detection signal from the detector to capture data carried by the detected electromagnetic energy of said wavelength.

8. The lighting system of claim 1, further comprising a source for emitting electromagnetic energy of a wavelength at least substantially absent from the spectrum of the reflected light for the lighting application, into at least a portion of the region.

9. The lighting system of claim 8, wherein:

the source is located for emission of electromagnetic energy of said wavelength from outside the optical integrating cavity into said portion of the region without passage thereof from the cavity through the optical aperture; and

the detector is coupled to a location in the optical integrating cavity at which at least a substantial portion of electromagnetic energy entering the optical integrating cavity through the optical aperture is reflected one or more times off the reflective interior surface of the optical integrating cavity before reaching the location of coupling of the detector.

10. The lighting system of claim 9, wherein:

the source of electromagnetic energy comprises an infrared (IR) emitter; and

the detector comprises an IR photodetector.

11. The lighting system of claim 9, wherein:

the source of electromagnetic energy comprises an ultraviolet (UV) emitter; and

the detector comprises an UV photodetector.

12. The lighting system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to implement the controlling of the amount of visible light supplied to the cavity by the at least one solid state light emitting element responsive to the detection signal from the detector.

13. The lighting system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to turn on and turn off the at least one solid state light emitting element in response to predetermined changes in the detection signal from the detector.

14. The lighting system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to:

modulate operation of the source to superpose data on the electromagnetic energy emitted from the source; and

process the detection signal from the detector to capture any data carried by the electromagnetic energy detected by the detector.

15. The lighting system of claim 8, wherein:

the source is coupled to supply electromagnetic energy into the optical integrating cavity in such a manner that substantially all energy emitted from the source reflects diffusely at least once within the interior of the optical integrating cavity before emission through the optical aperture toward the region; and

the detector is located for detection of electromagnetic energy received from within the region without passage through the optical aperture.

16. The lighting system of claim 15, wherein:

the source of electromagnetic energy comprises an infrared (IR) emitter; and

the detector comprises an IR photodetector.

17. The lighting system of claim 15, wherein:

the source of electromagnetic energy comprises an ultraviolet (UV) emitter; and

the detector comprises an UV photodetector.

18. The lighting system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to implement the controlling of the amount of visible light supplied to the cavity by the at least one solid state light emitting element responsive to the detection signal from the detector.

19. The lighting system of claim 18, wherein the controller is configured to turn on and turn off the at least one solid state light emitting element in response to predetermined changes in the detection signal from the detector.

20. The lighting system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to:

modulate operation of the source to superpose data on the electromagnetic energy emitted from the source; and

process the detection signal from the detector to capture any data carried by electromagnetic energy detected by the detector.

21. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein diffuse reflection within the optical integrating cavity produces a substantially uniform intensity distribution across the entire optical aperture.

22. The lighting system of claim 21, wherein the intensity distribution is sufficiently uniform that the entire optical aperture appears as a virtual source of light emission into said region.

23. The lighting system of claim 21, wherein the intensity distribution across the entire optical aperture is substantially Lambertian.

24. The lighting system of claim 21, wherein the intensity distribution across the entire optical aperture is unpixelated.

25. The lighting system of claim 21, wherein the intensity distribution across the entire optical aperture exhibits a maximum-to-minimum ratio of 2:

1 or less.

26. The lighting system of claim 21, wherein the at least one solid state light emitting element is for emitting substantially white light.

27. The lighting system of claim 21, wherein the at least one solid state light emitting element is for emitting visible light of a primary color.

28. The lighting system of claim 21, wherein the at least one solid state light emitting element comprises at least one light emitting diode.

29. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one solid state light emitting element is for emitting substantially white light.

30. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one solid state light emitting element is for emitting visible light of a primary color.

31. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one solid state light emitting element comprises at least one light emitting diode.

32. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein:

the at least one solid state light emitting element comprises a plurality of solid state light emitting elements;

a first one of the solid state light emitting elements is for emitting visible light having a spectral characteristic and is initially active;

a second one of the solid state light emitting elements is for emitting visible light having said spectral characteristic and is a redundant element that may be activated by the controller on an as needed basis.

33. The lighting system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor for detecting a characteristic of the reflected light and providing a feedback control signal to the controller.

34. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the optical integrating cavity comprises:

a dome having a reflective surface; and

a plate having a substantially flat reflective surface facing the reflective surface of the dome, coupled to the dome so as to form the optical integrating cavity between the reflective surfaces of the dome and plate,

at least a portion of one of the reflective surfaces of the dome and plate being diffusely reflective.

35. The lighting system of claim 1, further comprising:

another optical integrating cavity having a reflective interior surface, at least a portion of the interior surface having a diffuse reflectivity such that the other optical integrating cavity integrates light by diffuse reflection within the other optical integrating cavity; and

an optical aperture through which the electromagnetic energy of said wavelength enters the other optical integrating cavity from within the region,

wherein the detector is coupled to receive electromagnetic energy of said wavelength reflected within the other optical integrating cavity.

36. The lighting system of claim 35, further comprising a reflective mask constructively occluding the optical aperture of the other optical integrating cavity with respect to the portion of the region.

37. The lighting system of claim 1, further comprising a reflective mask constructively occluding the optical aperture of the optical integrating cavity with respect to the region.

38. The lighting system of claim 37, further comprising:

another optical integrating cavity having a reflective interior surface, at least a portion of the interior surface of the other optical integrating cavity having a diffuse reflectivity; and

an optical aperture through which the electromagnetic energy of said wavelength substantially enters the other optical integrating cavity from within the region,

wherein the detector is coupled to receive electromagnetic energy of said wavelength reflected within the other optical integrating cavity.

39. The lighting system of claim 38, further comprising another reflective mask constructively occluding the optical aperture of the other optical integrating cavity with respect to the portion of the region.

40. The lighting system of claim 38, wherein the other optical integrating cavity is formed in the reflective mask.

41. The lighting system of claim 40, further comprising another reflective mask constructively occluding the optical aperture of the other optical integrating cavity with respect to the portion of the region.