Statistical multiplexer having protective features from extraneous messages generated by redundant system elements

• US 7,526,001 B2
• Filed: 07/26/2004
• Issued: 04/28/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 07/26/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: General Instrument Corporation (CommScope Holding Company, Inc.)
• Inventors: Wu, Siu-Wai, Sanders, John, Elstermann, Erik J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham; Chi H
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wong; Warner
• Application Number:
  US10/899,859
• Publication Number:
  US 20060018254A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,737 Days
• Field of Search: 370/217, 370/225, 370227-228, 370/359, 370/463, 370/532, 370/537, 370/540, 725/138, 725/144, 725/146, 725/147
• US Class Current: 370/532
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2365 Multiplexing of several video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23655 Statistical multiplexing, e.g. by controlling the encoder to alter its bitrate to optimize the bandwidth utilization

Abstract

A statistical multiplexer includes a plurality of primary encoders 120 and at least one backup encoder 130 which is activated a primary encoder fails. The statistical multiplexer also includes at least two multiplexers 140,160 such that at any given time one of the multiplexers 140,160 is in an active state and the other is in a backup state. The encoders 120, 130, the multiplexers 140, 160, and a rate processor 150 employ a dynamic identity allocation arrangement for identifying a source of the messages such that messages originating from the encoders 120, 130 indicate whether the source is a primary 120 or backup encoder 130 and messages originating from the multiplexers 140, 160 include a character selected from among a predetermined sequence of characters that is incremented to the next character in the sequence each time one of the multiplexers 140, 160 transitions between an active and a backup state.

Claims

1. A statistical multiplexer for multiplexing at least two bit streams each comprising video signals into a single multiplexed encoded bit stream, comprising:

a plurality of primary encoders each receiving one of the bit streams and generating an encoded bit stream;

at least one backup encoder that is activated and on-line in the event of a failure of one of the plurality of primary encoders, said backup encoder receiving the bit stream that would otherwise be directed to the failed primary encoder;

at least two multiplexers such that at any given time one of the multiplexers is in an active state and the other is in a backup state, said multiplexer in the active state receiving each of the encoded bit streams from the encoders and generating a multiplexed encoded bit stream, said multiplexer in the backup state transitioning to the active state and receiving each of the encoded bit streams from the encoders in the event of a failure in the other multiplexer;

a rate processor for adjusting a distribution of bit rate allocation among the plurality of primary encoders;

a communications channel operatively associated with the encoders, the multiplexers and the rate processor, said communication channel supporting messages among and between the encoders, the multiplexers and the rate processor; and

wherein the encoders, the multiplexers, and the rate processor employ a dynamic identity allocation arrangement for identifying a source of the messages such that messages originating from the encoders indicate whether the source is a primary or backup encoder and messages originating from the multiplexers include a character selected from among a predetermined sequence of characters that is incremented to the next character in the sequence each time one of the multiplexers transitions between an active and a backup state.

2. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein said encoders are MPEG encoders.

3. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein said encoders are MPEG-2 encoders.

4. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein said bits streams received by the encoders include pre-compressed bit streams.

5. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein each of said bit streams comprise a channel incorporated in a broadcast over a broadband communications network.

6. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein said communications channel is a bidirectional Ethernet channel.

7. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein said messages originating from the backup encoder but not the primary encoders includes a flag.

8. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein if one of said multiplexers receives two messages identifying a given encoder but one message originates from a primary encoder and the other message originates from a backup encoder, said multiplexer disregards the message from the primary encoder.

9. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein said predetermined sequence of characters is a sequential numerical count.

10. The statistical multiplexer of claim 1 wherein said character selected from among the predetermined sequence of characters is a version number.

11. The statistical multiplexer of claim 10 wherein a given message is disregarded if it is received from one of the multiplexers having a lower version number than another message received from the other of the multiplexers that has a higher version number.

12. A method for multiplexing at least two bit streams each comprising video signals into a single multiplexed encoded bit stream, said method comprising the steps of comprising:

encoding a plurality of bit streams with a plurality of primary encoders, or, in event of a failure of one of the primary encoders, with a remaining primary encoder and a backup encoder;

multiplexing the plurality of encoded bit streams with one of a plurality of multiplexers such that at any given time one of the multiplexers is in an active state and the other is in a backup state;

adjusting a distribution of bit rate allocation among the plurality of primary encoders; and

transmitting messages among at least the encoders and the multiplexers using a dynamic identity allocation arrangement for identifying a source of the messages such that messages originating from the encoders indicate whether the source is a primary or backup encoder and messages originating from the multiplexers include a character selected from among a predetermined sequence of characters that is incremented to the next character in the sequence each time one of the multiplexers transitions between an active and a backup state.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said encoders are MPEG encoders.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein said encoders are MPEG-2 encoders.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein said bits streams received by the encoders include pre-compressed bit streams.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein each of said bit streams comprise a channel incorporated in a broadcast over a broadband communications network.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein said messages are transmitted over a bidirectional Ethernet channel.

18. The method of claim 12 wherein said messages originating from the backup encoder but not the primary encoders includes a flag.

19. The method of claim 12 wherein if one of said multiplexers receives two messages identifying a given encoder but one message originates from a primary encoder and the other message originates from a backup encoder, said multiplexer disregards the message from the primary encoder.

20. The method of claim 12 wherein said predetermined sequence of characters is a sequential numerical count.

21. The method of claim 12 wherein said character selected from among the predetermined sequence of characters is a version number.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein a given message is disregarded if it is received from one of the multiplexers having a lower version number than another message received from the other of the multiplexers that has a higher version number.

23. A statistical multiplexer for multiplexing at least two bit streams each comprising video signals into a single multiplexed encoded bit stream, comprising:

a plurality of primary encoders each receiving one of the bit streams and generating an encoded bit stream;

at least one backup encoder that is activated and on-line in the event of a failure of one of the plurality of primary encoders, said backup encoder receiving the bit stream that would otherwise be directed to the failed primary encoder;

at least two multiplexers such that at any given time one of the multiplexers is in an active state and the other is in a backup state, said multiplexer in the active state receiving each of the encoded bit streams from the encoders and generating a multiplexed encoded bit stream, said multiplexer in the backup state transitioning to the active state and receiving each of the encoded bit streams from the encoders in the event of a failure in the other multiplexer;

a rate processor for adjusting a distribution of bit rate allocation among the plurality of primary encoders;

a communications channel operatively associated with the encoders, the multiplexers and the rate processor, said communication channel supporting messages among and between the encoders, the multiplexers and the rate processor; and

wherein the encoders, the multiplexers, and the rate processor employ a dynamic identity allocation arrangement for identifying a source of the messages such that messages originating from the encoders indicate whether the source is a primary or backup encoder and messages originating from the multiplexers include a character selected from among a predetermined sequence of characters that is incremented to the next character in the sequence each time one of the multiplexers transitions between an active and a backup state, wherein said character selected from among the predetermined sequence of characters is a version number and wherein a given message is disregarded if it is received from one of the multiplexers having a lower version number than another message received from the other of the multiplexers that has a higher version number.