Mediated electrochemical oxidation of inorganic materials
First Claim
1. A treatment of waste process for the use of mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) for the oxidation, conversion/recovery, and decontamination of all previously defined inorganic solid, liquid, or gas where higher oxidation states exist selected from a group consisting of halogenated inorganic compounds (except fluorinated), inorganic pesticides and herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, carbon residues, incinerator residue, inorganic carbon compounds, mineral formations, mining tailings, inorganic salts, metals and metal compounds, and combinations thereof;
- and combined waste (a mixture of any of the foregoing with each other or other non-inorganic materials) further comprising disposing an electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, separating the electrolyte into an anolyte portion and a catholyte portion with an ion-selective membrane, semi permeable, microporous polymer, ceramic or glass frit membrane;
applying a direct current voltage between the anolyte portion and the catholyte portion, placing the waste and/or inorganic materials in the anolyte portion, and oxidizing the waste and/or inorganic materials in the anolyte portion with a mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process, wherein the anolyte portion further comprises a mediator or mediators (oxidizing species) in aqueous solution and containing an acid, neutral or alkaline electrolytes, and wherein the mediator oxidizing species are simple anion redox couples described in Table I as below;
Type I isopolyanions complex anion redox couples formed by incorporation of Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, or mixtures thereof as addenda atoms;
Type I heteropolyanions complex anion redox couples formed by incorporation in to Type I isopolyanions as heteroatoms any of the elements listed in Table II either singly or in combination thereof, or heteropolyanions complex anion redox couples containing at least one heteroatom type element contained in both Table I and Table II below or combinations of the mediator oxidizing species from any or all of these generic groups;
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Abstract
A mediated electrochemical oxidation process and apparatus for the use of mediated electrochemical oxidation for the oxidation, conversion/recovery, and decontamination of inorganic solids, liquids, and gases where higher oxidation states exist. Inorganic materials are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the inorganic materials with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized forms of any other redox couples present are produced either by similar anodic oxidation or reaction with the oxidized form of other redox couples present and capable of affecting the required redox reaction. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the inorganic waste molecules and are converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized by either of the aforementioned mechanisms and the redox cycle continues.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. A treatment of waste process for the use of mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) for the oxidation, conversion/recovery, and decontamination of all previously defined inorganic solid, liquid, or gas where higher oxidation states exist selected from a group consisting of halogenated inorganic compounds (except fluorinated), inorganic pesticides and herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, carbon residues, incinerator residue, inorganic carbon compounds, mineral formations, mining tailings, inorganic salts, metals and metal compounds, and combinations thereof;
- and combined waste (a mixture of any of the foregoing with each other or other non-inorganic materials) further comprising disposing an electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, separating the electrolyte into an anolyte portion and a catholyte portion with an ion-selective membrane, semi permeable, microporous polymer, ceramic or glass frit membrane;
applying a direct current voltage between the anolyte portion and the catholyte portion, placing the waste and/or inorganic materials in the anolyte portion, and oxidizing the waste and/or inorganic materials in the anolyte portion with a mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process, wherein the anolyte portion further comprises a mediator or mediators (oxidizing species) in aqueous solution and containing an acid, neutral or alkaline electrolytes, and wherein the mediator oxidizing species are simple anion redox couples described in Table I as below;
Type I isopolyanions complex anion redox couples formed by incorporation of Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, or mixtures thereof as addenda atoms;
Type I heteropolyanions complex anion redox couples formed by incorporation in to Type I isopolyanions as heteroatoms any of the elements listed in Table II either singly or in combination thereof, or heteropolyanions complex anion redox couples containing at least one heteroatom type element contained in both Table I and Table II below or combinations of the mediator oxidizing species from any or all of these generic groups;
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19)
- and combined waste (a mixture of any of the foregoing with each other or other non-inorganic materials) further comprising disposing an electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, separating the electrolyte into an anolyte portion and a catholyte portion with an ion-selective membrane, semi permeable, microporous polymer, ceramic or glass frit membrane;
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15. A process for treating and waste comprising oxidizing waste and/or inorganic materials, comprising circulating anions of mediator oxidizing species in an electrolyte through an electrochemical cell with an ion-selective membrane, semi permeable, microporous polymer, ceramic or glass frit membrane, and affecting anodic oxidation of reduced forms of reversible redox couples into oxidized forms, contacting the anions with the waste and/or inorganic materials in an anolyte portion of the electrolyte in a primary oxidation process, involving super oxidizer anions, having an oxidation potential above a threshold value of 1.7 volts at 1 molar, 25°
- C. and pH1 are present there is creating a free radical oxidizer driven secondary oxidation process, adding energy from an energy source to the anolyte portion and augmenting the secondary oxidation processes, breaking down hydrogen peroxide in the anolyte portion into hydroxyl free radicals, and increasing an oxidizing effect of the secondary oxidation processes, wherein the mediator oxidizing species are simple anion redox couples described in Table I as below;
Type I isopolyanions complex anion redox couples formed by incorporation of Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, or mixtures thereof as addenda atoms;
Type I heteropolyanions complex anion redox couples formed by incorporation in to Type I isopolyanions as heteroatoms any of the elements listed in Table II either singly or in combination thereof, or heteropolyanions complex anion redox couples containing at least one heteroatom type element contained in both Table I and Table II below or combinations of the mediator oxidizing species from any or all of these generic groups;
- View Dependent Claims (16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
- C. and pH1 are present there is creating a free radical oxidizer driven secondary oxidation process, adding energy from an energy source to the anolyte portion and augmenting the secondary oxidation processes, breaking down hydrogen peroxide in the anolyte portion into hydroxyl free radicals, and increasing an oxidizing effect of the secondary oxidation processes, wherein the mediator oxidizing species are simple anion redox couples described in Table I as below;
Specification