System and method for improving the efficiency of an acoustic sensor

• US 7,532,542 B2
• Filed: 01/21/2005
• Issued: 05/12/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Shotspotter Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Shotspotter Incorporated
• Inventors: Fisher, Ken, Baxter, Kevin C., Holmes, Fred H.
• Primary Examiner(s): PIHULIC, DANIEL T
• Application Number:
  US11/040,823
• Publication Number:
  US 20080130414A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,572 Days
• Field of Search: 367/128, 367/127
• US Class Current: 367/127
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/14 specially adapted for specific applications
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/34 Power consumption
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/30 Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1672 using sonic detecting means, e.g. a microphone operating in the audio frequency range

Abstract

The present invention provides a system for identifying and locating an acoustic event. In a preferred embodiment a gunshot detection sensor includes an audio sensor which detects gunshots in combination with a GPS engine which provides location and timing in conjunction with a host system. This allows an acoustic sensing weapon locator which is integrated for size and portability. The inventive mobile military gunshot detector requires a battery or fuel cell at its heart to operate. By managing the power consumption, batteries can be down-sized and the time between changes or recharges can be dramatically extended allowing soldiers to carry less weight and transport fewer replacement batteries into a hostile environment.

Claims

1. An acoustic sensor for use in a gunshot location system comprising:

a microphone for receiving acoustic information;

a time clock for providing absolute time values associated with the acoustic information;

a processor in electrical communication with said microphone to process said acoustic information to detect an acoustic event and in communication with said time clock to determine a time of arrival for said acoustic event, said processor having a sleep instruction wherein upon execution of said sleep instruction said processor enters a sleep state wherein said processor consumes substantially less electrical current than when said processor is not in said state; and

a network interface in communication with said processor to transmit said time of arrival over a communication network,

wherein said sleep state includes reducing a processor clock rate;

wherein, upon occurence of an acoustic event above a minimum lower threshold of a window specified by a window setting component, said processor increases the clock rate, and

for acoustic events determined to be possible gunshots as a function of being above the minimum lower threshold;

associates an absolute time value with the acoustic event, wherein the absolute time value is a time as to when the acoustic event was actually detected at the sensor, and

processes the absolute time and sensor position data for transmission over the network via the network interface.

2. The sensor of claim 1 wherein said absolute time clock comprises a GPS receiver.

3. The acoustic sensor of claim 1 further comprising a GPS receiver and said GPS receiver communicates a position to said processor.

4. The acoustic sensor of claim 3 wherein said sleep instruction is triggered by arriving at a predetermined position.

5. The acoustic sensor of claim 1 wherein said sleep instruction is triggered by passage of a predetermined period of time wherein no acoustic events are detected.

10. The acoustic sensor of claim 4 wherein accurate times of arrival can be calculated when a time signal is unavailable due to the processor being in the sleep state, wherein a relatively accurate time of arrival is obtained via times measured from an oscillator referenced against the time clock.

6. An acoustic sensor for use in a gunshot location system comprising:

a microphone for receiving acoustic information;

a time clock for providing absolute time, wherein the absolute time may be associated eith the acoustic information;

a first switch having a first switch input, said first switch having a first output responsive to said first switch input for providing electrical power to said time clock such that, when said first switch input is in a first state, said first output provides power to said time clock and when said first switch input is in a second state, said first output does not provide power to said time clock;

a processor in electrical communication with said microphone to process said acoustic information to detect an acoustic event and in communication with said time clock to determine a time of arrival for said acoustic event, said processor having a second output in communication with said first switch to selecttively apply power to or remove power from said time clock, wherein the procesor is configured to communicate with a gunshot location system that includes time-of-arrival processing using difference in absolute times that the acoustic event is received at sensors, wherein said difference time of arrival processing is characterized by determination of a location of the acoustic event as a function of absolute times of arrival and location data received from a plurality os sensors; and

a network interface in communication with said processor to transmit said time of arrival over a communication network,

wherein, upon the occurrence of a first predetermined event, said processor sets said second output to remove power from said GPS receiver.

wherein, upon occurrence of a second predetermined event, said processor sets said second output to supply power to said GPS receiver for determining an absolute time value that is transmitted in communications regarding the difference time of arrival processing, and

wherein the absolute time value is a time as to when the acoustic event was actually detected at the sensor.

7. The acoustic sensor of claim 6 wherein said time clock comprises a GPS receiver and said GPS receiver communicates a position to said processor.

8. The acoustic sensor of claim 7 wherein said first predetermined event is arriving at a predetermined position.

9. The acoustic sensor of claim 6 wherein said first predetermined event is the passage of a predetermined period of time wherein no acoustic events are detected.

11. The acoustic sensor of claim 6 wherein accurate times of arrival can be calculated when a time signal is unavailable due to the processor being in the sleep state, wherein a relatively accurate time of arrival is obtained via times measured from an oscillator referenced against the time clock.

12. A method of processing sensor data associated with detection of gunshots, the method comprising:

operating a processor within the sensor in a sleep state characterized by a reduced clock rate;

upon occurrence of an acoustic event above a minimum lower threshold of a window specified by a window setting component;

increasing the clock rate;

for acoustic events determined to be candidate gunshots as a function of being above the minimum lower threshold;

associating an absolute time value from a time clock with the acoustic event, wherein the absolute time value is a time as to when the acoustic event was actually detected at the sensor, and

providing, via communication with a gunshot location system, the absolute time and sensor position data for use in difference time-of-arrival processing including determination of a location of the acoustic event.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising determining the sensor position.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising providing the GPS sensor position to the gunshot location system for use in determining the location of the acoustic event.

15. The method of claim 12 further comprising processing, at the gunshot location system, relative times of arrivals of the acoustic event to determine a location of the acoustic event.

16. The method of claim 12 further comprising entering the sleep state via a sleep instruction that is triggered by arriving at a predetermined position.

17. The method of claim 12 further comprising entering the sleep state via a sleep instruction that is triggered by passage of a predetermined period of time wherein no acoustic events are detected.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising determining the sensor position data via a GPS receiver associated with the sensor.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising processing, at the gunshot location system, relative times of arrivals of the acoustic event to determine a location of the acoustic event.

20. The method of claim 12 further comprising calculating accurate times of arrival when a time signal is unavailable due to the processor being in the sleep state, wherein a relatively accurate time of arrival is obtained via times measured from an oscillator referenced against the time clock.

21. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining the sensor position data via a GPS receiver associated with the sensor.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising providing the GPS sensor position to the gunshot location system for use in determining the location of the acoustic event.

23. The method of claim 13 further comprising processing, at the gunshot location system, relative times of arrivals of the acoustic event to determine a location of the acoustic event.

24. The method of claim 13 further comprising entering the sleep state via a sleep instruction that is triggered by arriving at a predetermined position.

25. The method of claim 13 further comprising calculating accurate times of arrival when a time signal is unavailable due to the processor being in the sleep state, wherein a relatively accurate time of arrival is obtained via times measured from an oscillator referenced against the time clock.

26. The method of claim 13 further comprising entering the sleep state via a sleep instruction that is triggered by passage of a predetermined period of time wherein no acoustic events are detected.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising determining the sensor position data via a GPS receiver associated with the sensor.

28. The method of claim 20 further comprising processing, at the gunshot location system, relative times of arrivals of the acoustic event to determine a location of the acoustic event.