Methods for wireless mesh multicasting

• US 7,532,623 B2
• Filed: 03/23/2005
• Issued: 05/12/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Raytheon BBN Technlogies Corp. (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: BBN Technologies (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Coffin, Daniel A., Rosenzweig, Vladimir, Weinstein, Joseph J., Santivanez, Cesar A.
• Primary Examiner(s): ABELSON, RONALD B
• Application Number:
  US11/088,045
• Publication Number:
  US 20050232281A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,511 Days
• Field of Search: 370/389, 370/390, 455/445
• US Class Current: 370/390
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/185 with management of multicast group membership
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/189 in combination with wireless systems selective distribution or broadcast in wireless communication networks H04W4/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/16 Multipoint routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/22 Alternate routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/06 Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/08 User group management
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 60/00 Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 76/40 for selective distribution or broadcast
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/00 Network topologies

Abstract

The invention relates generally to systems, methods and/or devices for joining, generating, maintaining, and/or multicasting information via a multicast mesh.

Claims

1. A method of adding a first node to a mesh of nodes in a network, comprising:

receiving a mesh join request at a second node transmitted by the first node, the mesh join request indicating a multicast group and a source node from which the first node requests to receive messages;

determining by the second node whether the second node belongs to a mesh that transmits multicast packets originating from the source node to the multicast group identified in the mesh join request; and

in response to determining that the second node belongs to such a mesh, adding the first node, by the second node, to a list of downstream nodes to which the second node transmits multicast packets directed to the identified multicast group originating from the identified source node.

2. The method of claim 1, comprising in response to determining that the second node does not belong to such a mesh, transmitting a mesh join request by the second, node requesting to join such a mesh.

3. The method of claim 1, comprising transmitting, by the second node, a join acknowledgement message to the first node.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mesh join request includes a maximum distance parameter, the method comprising in response to determining that the second node does not belong to such a mesh, determining by the second node whether it is less than the maximum distance parameter away from the source node.

5. The method of claim 4, comprising in response to determining that the second is less than the maximum distance away from the first node, transmitting by the second node a request to join such a mesh.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the determination of whether the second node is less than the maximum distance parameter away from source node comprises comparing the maximum cost parameter with a distance parameter stored by the second node in a unicast routing table.

7. The method of claim 1, comprising maintaining by the first node, a group table, the group table including a list of group-source pairings that the second node supports.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the group table comprises, for each group-source pairing, data indicating the role the first node serves with respect to the group source pairing, a list of upstream nodes, and a list of downstream nodes.

9. A method of receiving multicast packets by a first node directed to a multicast group from a known source node in a wireless network comprising:

transmitting by the first node a mesh join request identifying the multicast group and the known source node;

awaiting, by the first node an acknowledgement message indicating that a second node has added the first node to a mesh of nodes which transmits multicast packets originating from the identified source node directed to the identified multicast group;

adding the second node by the first node to a list of upstream nodes responsible for forwarding multicast packets originating from the identified source node to the identified multicast group; and

receiving by the first node multicast packets which are directed to the identified multicast group, transmitted by the second node, and originated from the identified source node.

10. The method of claim 9, comprising:

selecting by the first node, based on a unicast routing table, a set of second nodes that are closer to the source node than the first node; and

wherein the mesh join request is transmitted to the selected set of second nodes.

11. The method of claim 9, comprising retransmitting the mesh join request by the first node until the first node receives join acknowledgement messages from a configurable, predetermined number of second nodes.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the predetermined number of second nodes is configured based on the density of nodes in the wireless network.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the predetermined number of second nodes is configured based on a desired level of routing redundancy.

14. A method of maintaining a multicast mesh comprising:

reviewing a group table maintained by a first wireless node to determine, by the first wireless node, whether a predetermined minimum number of neighboring nodes in the multicast mesh remain upstream with respect to the first wireless node in relation to a source node remain available for transmitting multicast messages to the first wireless node; and

in response to determining that an insufficient number of such neighboring nodes remain, broadcasting, by the first wireless node, a mesh join request to locate another node to serve as an upstream neighbor with respect to the first wireless node in relation to the source node.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the group table includes a list of group-source pairings which the first wireless node supports, wherein each group-source pairing corresponds to a combination of a target multicast group and a specific source node that originates multicast messages for the target multicast group.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein for each group-source pairing, the group table includes data identifying the role of the first wireless node with respect to the group-source pairing, a list of upstream nodes, and a list of downstream nodes.

17. The method of claim 16, comprising removing nodes from the lists of upstream nodes and downstream nodes based on data maintained by the first wireless node in a unicast routing table.

18. A method of maintaining a multicast mesh comprising:

selecting by a first wireless node a multicast mesh that the node supports;

reviewing a group table maintained by the first wireless node to determine, by the first wireless node, for the multicast mesh, whether the first wireless node is responsible for forwarding multicast packets to members of a multicast group originating from a specific source node; and

in response to determining that the first wireless node is not responsible for forwarding multicast packets to the multicast group originating from the specific source node, transmitting a mesh leave message to inform nodes upstream to the first wireless node that the first wireless node no longer needs to receive such packets.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the group table includes a list of group-source pairings which the first wireless node supports, and wherein each group-source pairing corresponds to a combination of a target multicast group and a specific source node that originates multicast messages for the target multicast group.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein for each group-source pairing, the group table includes data identifying the role of the first wireless node with respect to the group-source pairing, a list of upstream nodes, and a list of downstream nodes.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein the selected multicast mesh corresponds to group-source pairing in the group table.

22. A method of multicasting comprising:

receiving, by a first node having a radio layer and a network layer, a multicast packet at the radio layer, the multicast packet identifying a target multicast address and a source node from which the multicast packet originated;

determining, by the first wireless node, a group-source pairing corresponding to the multicast packet based on the identified multicast group address and the identified source node;

determining by the first wireless node whether the first wireless node provides any functionality in relation to the group-source pairing;

in response to the first wireless node determining that it provides a receiving function, passing the multicast packet to the network layer; and

in response to the first wireless node determining that it provides a transit function, forwarding the multicast packet to a second node.

23. The method of claim 22, comprising determining whether the received multicast packet is a duplicate by comparing a packet identifier included in the multicast packet with a list of recently received and transmitted packet identifiers maintained by the first wireless node.

24. The method of claim 23, comprising discarding the multicast packet in response to determining it is a duplicate.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of determining if the first wireless node provides any functionality with respect to the group-source pairing comprises reviewing a group table maintained by the first wireless node.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the group table includes a list of group-source pairings which the first wireless node supports, and for each group-source pairing, the group table includes data identifying the function of the first wireless node with respect to the group-source pairing, a list of upstream nodes, and a list of downstream nodes.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein the forwarding the multicast packet to a second node comprises forwarding the multicast packet according to a multipoint relaying protocol.