Entangled quantum communications and quantum imaging
First Claim
1. An apparatus for generating a shared quantum key between a sender and a receiver, the apparatus comprising a sending apparatus and a receiving apparatus,the sending apparatus stochastically generating entangled photon pairs, the sending apparatus detecting a first photon of each entangled photon pair and transmitting a second photon of each entangled photon pair to the receiving apparatus,the receiving apparatus detecting the second photon of each entangled pair,the sending apparatus and the receiving apparatus being in communication through a communication link,the shared quantum key being generated from stochastic temporal coincidences between sender photon detection data and receiver photon detection data shared over the communication link.
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Abstract
An apparatus for generating a shared quantum key between a sender and a receiver comprises a sending apparatus which generates entangled photon pairs, and a receiving apparatus. A shared quantum key can be generated using temporal coincidences between photon detection events. For example, coincidences may be determined between sender and receiver photon detection events using detection data shared through a non-secure communications link between the sender and receiver. The quantum key can be used in encrypted communications. Similar apparatus and methods can be used for quantum imaging.
53 Citations
33 Claims
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1. An apparatus for generating a shared quantum key between a sender and a receiver, the apparatus comprising a sending apparatus and a receiving apparatus,
the sending apparatus stochastically generating entangled photon pairs, the sending apparatus detecting a first photon of each entangled photon pair and transmitting a second photon of each entangled photon pair to the receiving apparatus, the receiving apparatus detecting the second photon of each entangled pair, the sending apparatus and the receiving apparatus being in communication through a communication link, the shared quantum key being generated from stochastic temporal coincidences between sender photon detection data and receiver photon detection data shared over the communication link.
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10. A sending apparatus in possession of a sender for enabling an encryption key to be shared between the sender and a receiver, the sending apparatus comprising:
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a source of entangled photon pairs generated at stochastic times to form an entangled photon beam that is unmodulated and stochastic; a first beamsplitter; a first detector; and a communications link, providing communication with the receiver, the entangled photon beam being incident on the first beamsplitter, the first beamsplitter operational to split at least part of the entangled photon beam into a directed beam and a transmitted beam, the directed beam being incident on the detector and the transmitted beam being sent to the receiver, the first detector providing detector data correlated with detection of photons in the directed beam, the detector data including time of detection data, the detector data being transmittable to the receiver over the communications link, whereby the transmitted beam and detector data can be sent to the receiver, the receiver then generating the encryption key using stochastic temporal coincidences determined between detector data received by the receiver, and receiver detection data determined from the transmitted beam. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A method of generating a quantum key for encrypted communication between a sender at a sender location and a receiver at a receiver location, the method comprising:
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splitting a stochastic, unmodulated entangled photon beam into a directed beam and a transmitted beam at the sender location; determining sender data relating to the directed beam at the sender location, the sender data including sender time-dependent photon detection data; transmitting the transmitted beam to the receiver; determining receiver data relating to the transmitted beam at the receiver location, the receiver data including receiver time-dependent photon detection data; and generating the encryption key through an exchange of sender data and receiver data through a communication link between the sender location and the receiver location. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. An apparatus for facilitating the generation of a quantum key to be shared between a sender and a receiver, the apparatus comprising:
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a sending apparatus, including a first source of entangled photons, providing a first entangled beam absent modulation, a second source of entangled photons, providing a second entangled beam absent modulation, a first beamsplitter, a first detector, a second beamsplitter, and a second detector, the first entangled beam being incident on the first beamsplitter, the first beamsplitter producing a first directed beam incident on the first detector and a first transmitted beam transmitted to the receiver, the second entangled beam being incident on the second beamsplitter, the second beamsplitter producing a second directed beam incident on the second detector and a second transmitted beam transmitted to the receiver; a receiving apparatus, including a first receiving beamsplitter, a first receiver detector, and a second receiver detector; sender detector electronics, operable to provide sender data, the sender data including sender single photon detection data from the first detector and the second detector during predetermined time intervals; receiver detector electronics, operable to provide receiver data, the receiver data including receiver single photon detection data from the first receiver detector and the second receiver detector during the predetermined time intervals; and a communications link between the sender and the receiver, through which sender data and receiver data can be exchanged. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28)
the first entangled beam having a first polarization, the second entangled beam having a second polarization.
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26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first polarization is at an angle of zero degrees, the second polarization is at an angle of 45 degrees, the first receiver detector is responsive to photons polarized at −
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27. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the communications link between the sender and the receiver is a public communications link.
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28. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising coincidence detection electronics at the receiver, the coincidence detection electronics receiving sender data and receiver data.
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29. A sending apparatus for transmitting encoded image data from a sender to a receiver, the sending apparatus comprising:
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a source of entangled photons providing an entangled beam, and a first beamsplitter, an image generator, a second beamsplitter, a first detector, and a second detector, the entangled beam being incident on the first beamsplitter, the beamsplitter providing a directed beam and a transmitted beam, the transmitted beam being sent to the receiver, the directed beam being incident on the image generator such that portions of the directed beam are reflected by the image generator and portions of the directed light are transmitted to the second beamsplitter, the second beamsplitter providing two orthogonally polarized beams incident on the first and second detectors respectively, a communications link with the remote apparatus, through which detection time data can be transmitted, whereby the receiver can receive the transmitted beam and the detection time data related to the directed beam, the receiver being able to decode the transmitted encoded image data using coincidence measurements between receiver detection data generated by the receiver and detection data received from the sending apparatus.
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30. An apparatus for image transmission from a sender to a receiver, the apparatus comprising:
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a sending apparatus, including; a source of entangled photons providing an entangled beam, a beamsplitter, an image generator, and a beam recombiner, the entangled beam being incident on the beamsplitter, the beamsplitter providing a first beam which illuminates the image generator, and a second beam which does not interact with the image generator, the beam recombiner combining the first beam and the second beam into a transmitted beam sent to the receiving apparatus; and a receiving apparatus, including; a receiver beamsplitter, a first receiver detector, providing first receiver data, a second receiver detector, providing second receiver data, and a coincidence circuit, the transmitted beam being incident on the receiver beamsplitter, the receiver beamsplitter providing a first receiver beam incident on the first receiver detector, and a second receiver beam incident on the second receiver detector, the coincidence circuit receiving the first receiver data and the second receiver data, and reconstructing the image from determined coincidences between the first receiver data and the second receiver data. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33)
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Specification