Timing system for modular cable modem termination system

• US 7,539,208 B2
• Filed: 05/20/2005
• Issued: 05/26/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Bradley, Paul T., Chapman, John T., Ramakrishnan, Sangeeta
• Primary Examiner(s): Ngo; Ricky
• Assistant Examiner(s): KAO, WEI PO ERIC
• Application Number:
  US11/134,818
• Publication Number:
  US 20060168612A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,467 Days
• Field of Search: 370/231, 370/236, 370/352, 370/389, 370/503, 370/509, 370/510, 370/512, 370/514, 370/466
• US Class Current: 370/466
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/0709 in a distributed system consisting of a plurality of standalone computer nodes, e.g. clusters, client-server systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/78 CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0667 Bidirectional timestamps, e.g. NTP or PTP for compensation of clock drift and for compensation of propagation delays arrangements for monitoring round trip delays in packet switching networks H04L43/0864
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0008 Synchronisation information channels, e.g. clock distribution lines
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/239 Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests hybrid fiber coaxial [HFC] networks for upstream channel allocation for video distribution H04L12/2801; flow control in data networks H04L47/10; real-time communication protocols in data switching networks H04L65/00; scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests H04L67/60
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6118 involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6168 involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17309 Transmission or handling of upstream communications

Abstract

A modular Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) includes a packet shelf operating a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) Media Access Control (MAC) framer. One or more downstream Physical Interface (PHY) shelves receive DOCSIS data from the packet shelf over a packet switched network and modulate the DOCSIS data for sending on a downstream path of a cable plant. One or more upstream PHY shelves send DOCSIS data received from an upstream path of the cable plant over the packet switched network to the packet shelf. By separating the PHY components from the MAC and from the system software, the PHY components for a Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) plant may be replaced with different PHY components for other access technologies such as wireless, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), Ethernet-to-the-Home, Fiber-to-the-Home, or fiber Passive Optical Networks (PONs).

Claims

1. A modular cable modem termination system (CMTS), comprising:

at least one packet shelf operating a data over cable service interface specifications (DOCSIS) media access controller (MAC), wherein the MAC is configured to frame received data with DOCSIS frames and mark the DOCSIS framed data with destination addresses corresponding to downstream cable modems;

one or more physical interface (PHY) shelves exchanging communications with the packet shelf over a packet switched network, wherein the one or more PHY shelves are configured to quadrature amplitude modulate the DOCSIS framed data for transmission over RF channels extending from the PHY shelves to the cable modems;

wherein the functions of DOCSIS framing the data and conducting the quadrature amplitude modulation are distributed across the packet switched network, and wherein the packet switched network contains packet switching accruements configured to forward individually addressed packets such that different ones of the packets can traverse the packet switched network in different amounts of time;

a timing system configured to measure a time delay associated with transporting the packets over the packet switched network between the packet shelf and at least one of the PHY shelves;

the timing system configured to identify timestamp values included in the DOCSIS framed data; and

the timing system configured to synchronize DOCSIS timing between the packet shelf and the one or more PHY shelves according to the measured time delay, wherein said synchronization includes dynamically adjusting the timestamp values on an individual basis according to the amount of delay experienced during the corresponding DOCSIS frame'"'"'s traversal of the packet switched network.

2. The modular CMTS according to claim 1 wherein the timing system includes a timestamp master that generates a timestamp value in either the DOCSIS MAC or in one of the PHY shelves and then sends the generated timestamp over the packet switched network to a timestamp slave operating in one of the other DOCSIS MAC or PHY shelves.

3. The modular CMTS according to claim 2 wherein the timing system adds the measured time delay to a MAP advance time used for scheduling DOCSIS transmissions over an upstream path of a cable plant.

4. The modular CMTS according to claim 1 including a timestamp de-jitter circuit in the one or more PHY shelves that replaces the timestamp values received from the DOCSIS MAC over the packet switched network with de-jittered timestamp values.

5. The modular CMTS according to claim 4 wherein the timestamp de-jitter circuit compares the de-jittered timestamp values with timestamp receive times and over time synchronizes according to the timestamp receive times.

6. The modular CMTS according to claim 1 wherein the timing system includes a first timestamp master wired directly to one or more of the packet shelves supplying a first timestamp to the DOCSIS MAC and a second timestamp master wired directly to one or more of the PHY shelves and supplying a second timestamp to the PHY shelves.

7. The modular CMTS according to claim 6 including a first global positioning system (GPS) receiver coupled to the first timestamp master providing a reference clock for generating the first timestamp and a second GPS receiver coupled to the second timestamp master providing a reference clock for generating the second timestamp.

8. The modular CMTS according to claim 6 including a clock frequency master that either operates independently in each of the packet shelves and the PHY shelves or is wired directly to the packet shelves or the PHY shelves.

9. A modular Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS), comprising:

a core device configured to receive data over a first network and format the data for communication over a second cable network, wherein the core device is configured to frame the received data with DOCSIS frames and mark the DOCSIS framed data with destination addresses corresponding to downstream cable modems;

a timing system configured to measure a time delay associated with transporting the DOCSIS framed data over a variable delay portion of the second cable network;

an edge device operating as a gateway between a constant delay portion of the second cable network and the variable delay portion of the second cable network, the edge device configured to receive the DOCSIS framed data from the core device over the variable delay portion and to quadrature amplitude modulate the DOCSIS framed data for downstream transmission over RF channels extending through the constant delay portion and to the cable modems;

wherein the functions of DOCSIS framing the data and conducting the quadrature amplitude modulation are distributed across a packet switched network, and wherein the packet switched network contains packet switching accruements configured to forward individually addressed packets such that different ones of the packets can traverse the packet switched network in different amounts of time;

the timing system configured to identify timestamp values included in the DOCSIS framed data; and

the timing system configured to synchronize DOCSIS timing between the core device and the edge device according to the measured time delay, wherein said synchronization includes dynamically adjusting the timestamp values on an individual basis according to the amount of delay experienced during the corresponding DOCSIS frame'"'"'s traversal of the variable delay portion of the second cable network.

10. The modular CMTS of claim 9, wherein the DOCSIS formatted data represents an MPEG stream and the dynamic adjustment of the timestamp values by the edge device allows the MPEG stream to be decoded using the adjusted timestamp values.