Processor resource management

• US 7,539,852 B2
• Filed: 08/29/2005
• Issued: 05/26/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 08/29/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The Invention Science Fund I, L.L.C. (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Searete LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Ferren, Bran, Myhrvold, Nathan P., Wood, JR., Lowell L., Hillis, W. Daniel, Tegreene, Clarence T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chan, Eddie P
• Assistant Examiner(s): Faherty, Corey S
• Application Number:
  US11/214,449
• Publication Number:
  US 20070050775A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,366 Days
• Field of Search: 712/226, 712/229
• US Class Current: 712/229
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0862 with prefetch
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2209/507 Low-level
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/6028 Prefetching based on hints or prefetch instructions
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/3844 using dynamic branch prediction, e.g. using branch history tables
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/3897 with adaptable data path
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/5011 the resources being hardware resources other than CPUs, Servers and Terminals
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/5016 the resource being the memory

Abstract

Embodiments include a device and a method. In an embodiment, a device provides a resource manager operable to select a resource management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of an instruction group by comparing an execution of the instruction group pursuant to a first resource management policy applied to a hardware resource and an execution of the instruction group pursuant to a second resource management policy applied to the hardware resource.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

a processor and a hardware resource associated with the processor; and

a resource manager operable to

compare an execution of an instruction group pursuant to a first resource management policy applied to the hardware resource and an execution of the instruction group pursuant to a second resource management policy applied to the hardware resource, the first resource management policy being an optimistic policy that assumes based on at least one of theoretical information or historical information that the instruction group will execute in a substantially optimal manner, and the second resource management policy being a pessimistic policy that assumes based on at least one of theoretical information or historical information that the instruction group will execute in a substantially sub-optimal manner such that greater than a preselected level of at least one error will occur during execution of the instruction group;

select from the first resource management policy and the second resource management policy a resource management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group; and

associate the selected resource management policy with the instruction group.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the optimistic policy assumes that execution of the instruction group will result in fewer of the at least one error than for the pessimistic policy.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor is formed on a first chip and the hardware resource is formed on a second chip.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein at least two of the resource manager, the hardware resource, or the processor are formed on a single chip.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the hardware resource includes a cache.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the hardware resource includes a branch predictor.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the hardware resource includes a hardware resource logically associated with the processor.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the hardware resource includes a hardware resource physically associated with the processor.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the hardware resource associated with the processor includes a hardware resource managed by the processor.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource manager operable to compare includes a resource manager operable to compare according to preselected criterion.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource manager operable to select from the first resource management policy and the second resource management policy a resource management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes a resource manager operable to select a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group according to a preselected criterion.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource manager operable to select from the first resource management policy and the second resource management policy a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes a resource manager operable to comparing the execution of the instruction group pursuant to the first management policy and the execution of the instruction group pursuant to the second management policy applied to the hardware resource.

13. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource manager operable to select a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes a resource manager operable to select a management policy predicted as likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group.

14. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource manager operable to select a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes a resource manager operable to select a management policy predicted by a Bayesian method as likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein the resource manager operable to select a management policy predicted by a Bayesian method as likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes a resource manager operable to recall historical data from a ghost page.

16. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource manager operable to select a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes a resource manager operable to select a management policy predicted by a heuristic as likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group.

17. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource manager operable to select a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes a resource manager operable to select a management policy predicted by a learning algorithm as likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group.

18. The device of claim 1, wherein the associate the selected resource management policy with the instruction group includes an associate a ghost page indicative of the selected resource management policy with the instruction group.

31. The device of claim 5, wherein the cache includes at least one of an on-chip cache or an off-chip cache.

32. The device of claim 9, wherein the hardware resource managed by the means for processing includes at least one of a memory, a cache, a bus, a register-file port, and a functional unit.

33. The device of claim 10, wherein the preselected criterion includes at least one of a successful completion of the instruction group, an unsuccessful completion of the instruction group, an uncertain completion of the instruction group, an exception, a time to execute the instruction group, a successful hit, an unsuccessful hit, a hit ratio, correctly predicting a branch taken, incorrectly predicting a branch taken, correctly predicting a branch not taken, and/or incorrectly predicting a branch not taken.

34. The device of claim 11, wherein the preselected criterion includes

a criterion responsive to an output of the compare an execution of an instruction group pursuant to a first resource management policy applied to the hardware resource and an execution of the instruction group pursuant to a second resource management policy applied to the hardware resource.

35. The device of claim 11, wherein the preselected criterion includes

a preselected criterion responsive to at least one of a successful completion of the instruction group, an unsuccessful completion of the instruction group, an uncertain completion of the instruction group, an exception, a time to execute the instruction group, a successful hit, an unsuccessful hit, a hit ratio, correctly predicting a branch taken, incorrectly predicting a branch taken, correctly predicting a branch not taken, and/or incorrectly predicting a branch not taken.

36. The device of claim 1, wherein the optimistic resource management policy that assumes based on at least one of theoretical information or historical information the instruction group will execute in a substantially optimal manner includes an optimistic resource management policy that assumes less than a preselected level of at least one error will occur during execution of the instruction group.

37. The device of claim 36, wherein the at least one error includes an occurrence of at least one of a hardware error, a fetch error, a memory error, a cache miss, a software error, an arithmetic overflow, a stale datum, a branch prediction error, an attempt to access forbidden memory, and/or an inability of an operating system to grant a request.

38. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one error includes at least one of a hardware error, a fetch error, a memory error, a cache miss, a software error, an arithmetic overflow, a stale datum, a branch prediction error, an attempt to access forbidden memory, and/or an inability of an operating system to grant a request.

19. A method comprising:

applying a first management policy to a resource managed by a processor and then executing an instruction group in the processor, the first management policy being an optimistic policy that assumes based on at least one of theoretical information or historical information that the instruction group will execute in a substantially optimal manner;

applying a second management policy to the resource and then executing the instruction group in the processor, the second management policy being a pessimistic policy that assumes based on at least one of theoretical information or historical information that the instruction group will execute in a substantially sub-optimal manner such that greater than a preselected level of at least one error will occur during execution of the instruction group;

selecting from the first management policy and the second management policy a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group; and

associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the applying a first management policy to the resource includes selecting the first management policy from at least two candidate management policies.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the applying a first management policy to the resource and then executing an instruction group in the processor includes obtaining a first result of the executing an instruction group in the processor.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the applying a second management policy to the resource includes selecting the second management policy from at least two candidate management policies.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the applying a second management policy to the resource and then executing an instruction group in the processor includes obtaining a second result of the executing an instruction group in the processor.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the selecting from the first management policy and the second management policy a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes selecting a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group according to a preselected criterion.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein the selecting from the first management policy and the second management policy a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group includes comparing the execution of the instruction group pursuant to the first management policy and the execution of the instruction group pursuant to the second management policy applied to the resource.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein the associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy further includes

associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a manner useable by a resource manager in conjunction with a subsequent execution of the instruction group.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein the associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy further includes associating a ghost page indicative of the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy.

39. The method of claim 19, wherein the associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy further includes

saving the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy.

40. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

saving an indication of the selected management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group.

28. A device comprising:

means for processing;

means for applying a first management policy to a resource managed by the means for processing and then executing an instruction group in the means for processing, the first management policy being an optimistic policy that assumes based on at least one of theoretical information or historical information that the instruction group will execute in a substantially optimal manner;

means for applying a second management policy to the resource and then executing the instruction group in the means for processing, the second management policy being a pessimistic policy that assumes based on at least one of theoretical information or historical information that the instruction group will execute in a substantially sub-optimal manner such that greater than a preselected level of at least one error will occur during execution of the instruction group;

means for selecting from the first management policy and the second management policy a management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group; and

means for associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy.

29. The device of claim 28, wherein the means for associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy further includes:

means for storing the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy.

30. The device of claim 28, wherein the means for associating the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy further includes:

means for associating a ghost page indicative of the selected management policy together with the instruction group in a common storage hierarchy.

41. The method of claim 28, further comprising:

means for storing an indication of the selected management policy likely to provide a substantially optimum execution of the instruction group.