Encoding optical cavity output light

• US 7,545,513 B2
• Filed: 02/05/2007
• Issued: 06/09/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 02/05/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Kiesel, Peter, Bassler, Michael, Schmidt, Oliver
• Primary Examiner(s): Connolly; Patrick J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Richey; Scott M
• Application Number:
  US11/702,363
• Publication Number:
  US 20080186492A1
• Time in Patent Office: 855 Days
• Field of Search: 356/454, 356/519
• US Class Current: 356/519
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/0303 Optical path conditioning in cuvettes, e.g. windows; adapted optical elements or systems; path modifying or adjustment G01N21/031 - G01N21/15 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/39 using tunable lasers

Abstract

Output light from an optical cavity includes, for each of a set of modes, an intensity function. Analyte can be positioned in the cavity, and a mode'"'"'s intensity function can be encoded to include information about an optical characteristic of an analyte. For example, the intensity function can include a peak, and its central energy, maximum intensity, contrast, or intermediate intensity width (e.g. FWHM) can indicate the optical characteristic. For example, the information can be about both refractive index and absorption of an analyte.

Claims

1. A method of using an optical cavity that is operable to provide output light in one or more modes;

when providing output light in one of the modes with analyte absent, the optical cavity providing the output light with a respective unencoded intensity function;

the method comprising;

positioning an analyte in the optical cavity, the analyte having a respective optical absorption characteristic; and

while the analyte is positioned in the optical cavity, providing analyte-affected output light in at least one of the modes;

the analyte-affected output light from each mode having a respective encoded intensity function that is different than its unencoded intensity function;

the difference indicating the analyte'"'"'s optical absorption characteristic;

each mode'"'"'s encoded and unencoded intensity functions having a respective difference that includes at least one of;

a difference between maximum intensities of the mode'"'"'s encoded and unencoded intensity functions;

a difference between contrasts of the mode'"'"'s encoded and unencoded intensity functions; and

a difference between intermediate intensity widths of the mode'"'"'s encoded and unencoded intensity functions.

2. The method of claim 1 in which the optical cavity is a Fabry-Perot cavity.

3. The method of claim 1 in which the cavity is an inhomogeneous optical cavity.

4. The method of claim 1 in which each intermediate intensity width is a full width half maximum (FWHM).

5. The method of claim 1 in which the act of positioning the analyte comprises:

moving the analyte along a fluidic channel extending through the cavity.

6. A device comprising:

a Fabry-Perot cavity that is operable to provide output light in one or more of a set of transmission modes;

the cavity having an analyte region therein in which analyte can be positioned;

with analyte absent from the analyte region, the Fabry-Perot cavity being optically asymmetric;

with analyte present in the analyte region, the Fabry-Perot cavity being optically symmetric;

when operating in at least one mode in the set with analyte present in the analyte region, the Fabry-Perot cavity providing output light with a respective intensity function that depends on an optical characteristic of the analyte.

7. The device of claim 6, further comprising an optical cavity structure that includes the Fabry-Perot cavity;

the Fabry-Perot cavity being one of an emitting cavity and a transmissive cavity.

8. The device of claim 6 in which the Fabry-Perot cavity provides output light in a mode with the mode'"'"'s respective intensity functions having a respective intensity peak.

9. A system comprising:

an optical cavity component capable of operating as an optical cavity and providing output light in one or more modes;

an analyte positioning component that, in operation, positions analyte in the optical cavity component;

when providing output light in one of the modes with analyte absent, the optical cavity component providing the output light with a respective unencoded intensity function; and

an optical cavity operating component that, with an analyte that has a respective optical characteristic positioned in the optical cavity component, operates the optical cavity component as an optical cavity, providing analyte-affected output light in at least one of the modes;

the analyte-affected output light from each mode having a respective encoded intensity function that has one or more differences from its unencoded intensity function;

the differences including at least one of a difference in maximum intensities, a difference in central values, a difference in contrasts, and a difference in intermediate intensity widths;

the differences indicating the analyte'"'"'s optical characteristic;

the optical cavity component operating as at least one of;

an inhomogeneous transmissive optical cavity that, in response to illumination in a photon energy subrange of the mode, provides output light from the mode with intensity-energy functions, the mode being one of a transmission mode and a reflection mode, the unencoded and encoded intensity functions being intensity-energy function;

a homogeneous emitting optical cavity that provides output light in the mode, the output light from the mode having an intensity-energy function, the unencoded and encoded intensity functions being intensity-energy function;

a homogeneous transmissive optical cavity that, in response to broadband illumination, provides output light from the mode with an intensity-energy function, the mode being one of a transmission mode and a reflection mode, the unencoded and encoded intensity functions being intensity-energy functions;

a homogeneous optical cavity that, in response to angled illumination from a point light source, provides output light from the mode with an intensity-position function, the mode being one of a transmission mode and a reflection mode, the unencoded and encoded intensity functions being intensity-position functions;

an inhomogeneous optical cavity that is a linearly variable optical filter, the mode being one of a transmission mode and a reflection mode, the unencoded and encoded intensity functions being intensity-energy functions or intensity-position functions;

an inhomogeneous optical cavity that, in response to narrow band, broad band, or multi-modal illumination, provides output light from the mode with an intensity-position function, the mode being one of a transmission mode and a reflection mode, the unencoded and encoded intensity functions being intensity-position functions; and

an inhomogeneous optical cavity that is a Fabry-Perot cavity, the mode being one of a transmission mode and a reflection mode, the unencoded and encoded intensity functions being intensity-energy functions or intensity-position functions.

10. The system of claim 9, further comprising control circuitry that provides signals to control the analyte positioning component and the optical cavity operating component.

11. The system of claim 9 in which the optical cavity component includes:

an optical cavity structure that includes first and second light-reflective components and a light-transmissive region between them, the light-reflective components and light-transmissive region being operable as the optical cavity;

the optical cavity structure including an opening within the light-transmissive region;

the analyte positioning component transferring analyte into the opening.

12. The system of claim 11 in which the optical cavity is asymmetric when analyte is not in the opening and approximately symmetric when analyte is in the opening.

13. The system of claim 11 in which the opening is a well in a side of a biochip, the first light-reflective component being on a side of the biochip opposite the well;

the analyte positioning component further operating to cover the well with the second light-reflective component.

14. The system of claim 9 in which the optical cavity component includes:

an optical cavity structure that includes two light-reflective components and a light-transmissive region between them, the light-reflective components and light-transmissive region being operable as the optical cavity;

the optical cavity structure including a set of one or more channels extending through the light-transmissive region;

the analyte positioning component transferring analyte through the light-transmissive region in the channels.

15. The system of claim 14 in which the set includes two or more channels.

16. The system of claim 14 in which the analyte travels through the light-transmissive region by traveling through a medium in one or more of the channels in the set.

17. The system of claim 14 in which the analyte is carried through the light-transmissive region by a fluid.

18. The system of claim 17 in which the analyte is a fluid that travels through the light-transmissive region in one or more of the channels in the set.

19. A method of using an optical cavity structure that is operable as an inhomogeneous optical cavity to provide output light in one or more modes;

when providing output light in one of the modes with analyte absent, the optical cavity structure providing the output light with a respective unencoded intensity function;

the optical cavity structure including;

first and second sight-reflective components and a light-transmissive region between them; and

a set of one or more channels extending in a flow direction through the light-transmissive region, the flow direction being approximately parallel to at least one of the first and second light-reflective components, optical distance between the first and second light-reflective components varying in the flow direction;

the method comprising;

positioning each of a sequence of two or more analytes in the light-transmissive region, each analyte in the sequence having a respective optical characteristic, the optical characteristics of analytes varying within the sequence; and

while each analyte is positioned in the light-transmissive region, operating the optical cavity structure as an inhomogeneous optical cavity so that it provides respective analyte-affected output light in each of a subset of the modes, the respective analyte-affected output light of at least one mode in the subset having an intensity function that varies as a result of the varying optical characteristics of the analytes;

the act of positioning including;

causing each of the sequence of analytes to travel in the flow direction through a first one of the channels;

the act of operating the optical cavity structure including;

for each of the analytes, providing, at a series of positions, respective portions of the respective analyte-affected output light through one of the light-reflective components;

the positions together extending in the flow direction;

the respective portions provided at the positions varying in intensity in the flow direction.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

while a first one of the analytes is traveling in the flow direction through the first channel, photosensing the respective portions of the respective analyte-affected output light to obtain sensing results that depend on intensity function; and

using the sensing results to obtain information about the first analyte'"'"'s optical characteristic.

21. The method of claim 19 in which each analyte'"'"'s optical characteristic includes at least one of a refraction characteristic and an absorption characteristic.

22. The method of claim 19 in which each analyte'"'"'s respective portions of the respective analyte-affected output light indicate a respective encoded intensity function;

the unencoded intensity function and each analyte'"'"'s encoded intensity function each having a respective central value and each analyte'"'"'s optical characteristic including a refraction characteristic;

the unencoded intensity function'"'"'s central value and the central value of each analyte'"'"'s encoded intensity function having a difference that indicates the analyte'"'"'s refraction characteristic.

23. The method of claim 19 in which each analyte'"'"'s respective portions of the respective analyte-affected output light indicate a respective encoded intensity function;

the unencoded intensity function and each analyte'"'"'s encoded intensity function each having a respective maximum intensity or contrast and each analyte'"'"'s optical characteristic including an absorption characteristic;

the unencoded intensity function'"'"'s maximum intensity or contrast and the maximum intensity or contrast of each analyte'"'"'s encoded intensity function having a difference that indicates the analyte'"'"'s absorption characteristic.

24. The method of claim 19 in which each analyte'"'"'s respective portions of the respective analyte-affected output light indicate a respective encoded intensity function;

the unencoded intensity function and each analyte'"'"'s encoded intensity function each having a respective intermediate intensity width and each analyte'"'"'s optical characteristic including an absorption characteristic;

the unencoded intensity function'"'"'s intermediate intensity width and the intermediate intensity width of each analyte'"'"'s encoded intensity function having a difference that indicates the analyte'"'"'s absorption characteristic.

25. The method of claim 19 in which each analyte'"'"'s optical characteristic includes both a refraction characteristic and an absorption characteristic.

26. The method of claim 19 in which the modes include at least one of transmission modes and reflection modes, the method further comprising:

while each analyte is traveling through the first channel, illuminating the optical cavity structure so that it provides the respective analyte-affected output light in only one mode.

27. The method of claim 19 in which the modes include at least one of transmission modes and reflection modes, the method further comprising:

while each analyte is traveling through the first channel, illuminating the optical cavity structure so that it provides the respective analyte-affected output light in two or more modes.

28. The method of claim 19 in which each analyte is in a respective object;

the act of positioning comprising;

moving each of a sequence of the analyte'"'"'s respective objects through the first channel.