Method and apparatus for tracking objects and people

• US 7,551,089 B2
• Filed: 07/21/2005
• Issued: 06/23/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 07/09/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Automated Tracking Solutions LLC
• Original Assignee: Automated Tracking Solutions LLC
• Inventors: Sawyer, Fred
• Primary Examiner(s): Mullen; Thomas J
• Application Number:
  US11/185,854
• Publication Number:
  US 20070085681A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,433 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572.1, 340/572.4, 340/573.1, 340/5.92, 340/572.7, 340/10.1, 340/10.42, 340/10.4, 340/573.4, 340/539.11, 340/539.13, 235/385, 705/22, 705/28, 700/215, 700/225
• US Class Current: 340/572.4
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/74 Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/003 Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 17/0029 the arrangement being specially adapted for wireless interrogation of grouped or bundled articles tagged with wireless record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10079 the collision being resolved in the spatial domain, e.g. temporary shields for blindfolding the interrogator in specific directions
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10316 using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers antennas in general H01Q1/22
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10346 the antenna being of the far field type, e.g. HF types or dipoles
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10356 using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10366 the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/087 Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/28 the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0202 Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child

Abstract

An object locating, identifying, and tracking system is provided for managing physical objects and people in environments such as police departments, law offices, the Courts, hospitals, warehouses, and department stores. The system employs RFID technology, computer programming and database applications, networking technologies, and hardware elements. Employing its algorithmic decision machine to develop RFID tag operational state data, the system may provide item-level visibility in locating and tracking physical evidence, merchandise, valued items, people and supply chain items in near-real time. The system may be configured as part of a local area network, a wide area network, or the Internet. It may employ exemplary components such as RFID transponders or tags, scanners, antennas and computers to facilitate tracking of objects and people as needed. Any number of users having access privileges and connected to the network may access the system directly or remotely via the Internet to locate and track objects.

Claims

1. A system for locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object;

scanners for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals;

antennas for respectively transmitting and receiving said RF signals to and from said scanners and said transponder; and

a processor for polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner; and

wherein said antennas being affixable within the facility for enabling the system to locate, identify and track the object having said transponder affixed to the object, and wherein said locating determines a position of the object, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the movement of the object.

2. A system according to claim 1, said processor comprising an application server for processing data from said transponder and said scanners and being logically connectable to said scanners, and said system further comprising at least one user terminal and workstation for inputting said data into said system, and at least one database server for managing and storing said data in an enterprise database.

3. A system according to claim 2, further comprising:

at least one network operatively connecting said scanners, workstation, application server and user terminal for thereby transmitting said data and providing access to the Internet.

4. A system according to claim 3, said network being an enterprise network.

5. A system according to claim 1, said processor comprising a server for processing data from said transponder and said scanners and being logically connectable to said scanners.

6. A system according to claim 1, said antennas being affixed at least one of at:

an entrance of the facility;

an exit of the facility;

a wall of the facility;

a ceiling of the facility; and

furniture within the facility.

7. A system according to claim 1, wherein if one of said scanners is an entrance/exit scanner and detects a transponder ID, said processor further:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as entering or exiting the facility.

8. A system according to claim 1, wherein if one of said scanners is a wall scanner and detects a transponder ID, said processor further:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording movement of said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and recording movement of said detected transponder ID.

9. A system according to claim 1, said processor further determining whether the polled scanner is a scanner for locating and tracking objects within a storage unit within the facility, thereby designated a unit scanner, wherein for each unit scanner, said processor further:

determining a number of active antennas operationally connected to said unit scanner;

cycling through said active antennas and listing all corresponding transponder IDs for transponders in a field of view of said active antennas;

reporting said transponder IDs found by each active antenna; and

after all unit scanners have been evaluated, comparing a number of said reported transponder IDs with a number of all transponder IDs for transponders known to be in the storage unit.

10. A system according to claim 9, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is greater than said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit does not correspond to each of said reported transponder IDs, then at least one of designating said one known transponder ID as a missing transponder ID, and indicating the object having the missing transponder ID as being removed from said system; and

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

11. A system according to claim 9, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is equal to said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being unknown and new to said system;

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

12. A system according to claim 9, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is less than said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each of said reported transponder IDs with each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being at least one of unknown and new to said system; and

if one of said reported transponder IDs corresponds to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

13. A system according to claim 1, said system being operable via the Internet.

14. A system according to claim 1, wherein said processor further handling deterministic or stochastic polling requests to include stochastic polling requests generated by said scanners based on a random event.

15. A system according to claim 14, said processor receiving and processing requests for polling from said scanners based on event data;

and polling said scanners reporting the event data.

16. A system according to claim 1, said system further including means for:

handling deterministic or stochastic polling requests to include stochastic polling requests generated by said scanners based on a random event.

17. A system according to claim 16, further including means for:

receiving and processing requests for polling from said scanners based on event data; and

polling said scanners reporting the event data.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the object is a person.

19. A system for locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object;

scanners for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals;

antennas for respectively transmitting and receiving said RF signals to and from said scanners and said-transponder; and

a processor for polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner;

wherein said antennas being affixable within the facility for enabling the processor to locate, identify and track the object having said transponder affixed to the object, and wherein said locating determines a position of the object, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the movement of the object.

20. A system according to claim 19, wherein if one of said scanners is an entrance/exit scanner and detects a transponder ID, said processor further:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as entering or exiting the facility.

21. A system according to claim 19, wherein if one of said scanners is a wall scanner and detects a transponder ID, said processor further:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording movement of said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and recording movement of said detected transponder ID.

22. A system according to claim 19, said processor further determining whether the polled scanner is a scanner for locating and tracking objects within a storage unit within the facility, thereby designated a unit scanner, wherein for each unit scanner, said processor further:

determining a number of active antennas operationally connected to said unit scanner;

cycling through said active antennas and listing all corresponding transponder IDs for transponders in a field of view of said active antennas;

reporting said transponder IDs found by each active antenna; and

after all unit scanners have been evaluated, comparing a number of said reported transponder IDs with a number of all transponder IDs for transponders known to be in the storage unit.

23. A system according to claim 22, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is greater than said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit does not correspond to each of said reported transponder IDs, then at least one of designating said one known transponder ID as a missing transponder ID, and indicating the object having the missing transponder ID as being removed from said system; and

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

24. A system according to claim 22, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is equal to said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being unknown and new to said system; and

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

25. A system according to claim 22, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is less than said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each of said reported transponder IDs with each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being at least one of unknown and new to said system; and

if one of said reported transponder IDs corresponds to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

26. A system for locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object;

scanners for transmitting and receiving at least one of a laser and an infrared signal;

antennas for respectively transmitting and receiving said at least one of laser and infrared signals to and from said scanners and said transponder; and

a processor for polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner;

wherein said antennas being affixable within the facility for enabling the system to locate, identify and track the object having said transponder affixed to the object, and wherein said locating determines a position of the object, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the movement of the object.

27. A method of locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object, said method comprising:

affixing a transponder to the object;

providing scanners;

providing antennas;

transmitting information stored in said transponder to at least one of said scanners;

processing said transmitted information to enable locating, identifying and tracking of the object, wherein said locating determines a position of the object, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the course of movement of the object;

polling at least one of the scanners and determining whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner.

28. A method according to claim 27, wherein if one of said scanners is an entrance/exit scanner and detects a transponder ID, said method further comprising:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as entering or exiting the facility.

29. A method according to claim 27, wherein if one of said scanners is a wall scanner and detects a transponder ID, said method further comprising:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording movement of said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and recording movement of said detected transponder ID.

30. A method according to claim 27, further comprising determining whether the polled scanner is a scanner for locating and tracking objects within a storage unit within the facility, thereby designated a unit scanner, wherein for each unit scanner, said method further comprising:

determining a number of active antennas operationally connected to said unit scanner;

cycling through said active antennas and listing all corresponding transponder IDs for transponders in a field of view of said active antennas;

reporting said transponder IDs found by each active antenna; and

after all unit scanners have been evaluated, comparing a number of said reported transponder IDs with a number of all transponder IDs for transponders known to be in the storage unit.

31. A method according to claim 30, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is greater than said number of reported transponder IDs, said method further comprising:

comparing each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit does not correspond to each of said reported transponder IDs, then at least one of designating said one known transponder ID as a missing transponder ID, and indicating the object having the missing transponder ID as being removed; and

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

32. A method according to claim 30, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is equal to said number of reported transponder IDs, said method further comprising:

comparing each said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being unknown and new; and

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

33. A method according to claim 30, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is less than said number of reported transponder IDs, said method further comprising:

comparing each of said reported transponder IDs with each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being at least one of unknown and new; and

if one of said reported transponder IDs corresponds to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

34. A method according to claim 27, said method being operable via a network browser.

35. A method according to claim 27, said method being operable via the Internet.

36. A system for locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object or person, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object or person;

scanners for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals;

antennas for respectively transmitting and receiving said RF signals to and from said scanners and said transponder; and

a processor for;

polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner;

wherein said antennas being affixable within the facility for enabling the system to locate, identify and track the object or person having said transponder affixed to the object or person, wherein said locating determines a position of the object or person, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object or person is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the movement of the object or person.

37. A system for locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object or person, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the objector person;

scanners for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals;

antennas for respectively transmitting and receiving said RF signals to and from said scanners and said transponder; and

a processor for polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner; and

wherein said antennas being affixable within the facility for enabling the processor to locate, identify and track the object or person having said transponder affixed to the object or person, and wherein said locating determines a position of the object or person, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object or person is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the movement of the object or person.

38. A system for locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object;

scanners for transmitting and receiving at least one of a laser and an infrared signal;

antennas for respectively transmitting and receiving said at least one of laser and infrared

signals to and from said scanners and said transponder; and

a processor for polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner;

wherein said antennas being affixable within a facility for enabling the processor to locate, identify and track the object having said transponder affixed to the object, and wherein said locating determines a position of the object, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the movement of the object.

39. A method of locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object or person by means of a system, said method comprising:

affixing a transponder to the object or person;

providing scanners;

providing antennas;

transmitting information stored in said transponder to at least one of said scanners;

processing said transmitted information to enable locating, identifying and tracking of the object or person, wherein said locating determines a position of the object or person, said identifying determines a characteristic by which the object or person is recognizable, and said tracking monitors the movement of the object or person; and

polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner.

40. A system for locating, identifying and tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object;

scanners for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals;

antennas for respectively transmitting and receiving said RF signals to and from said scanners and said transponder; and

a processor for polling at least one of said scanners to determine whether said polled scanner is at least one of;

an entrance/exit scanner; and

,

a scanner affixed on a ceiling or wall of a facility, thereby designated a wall scanner;

wherein said antennas being affixable within the facility, and said processor locating, identifying and tracking the object having said transponder affixed to the object, and wherein said locating enabling location of a position of the object, said identifying enabling identification of a characteristic by which the object is recognizable, and said tracking enabling tracking of the course of a moving object.

41. A system according to claim 40, said processor comprising an application server for processing data from said transponder and said scanners and being logically connectable to said scanners, and further comprising at least one user terminal and workstation for inputting said data into said system, and at least one database server for managing and storing said data in an enterprise database.

42. A system according to claim 40, said antennas being affixed to at least one of:

an entrance of the facility;

an exit of the facility;

a wall of the facility;

a ceiling of the facility; and

furniture within the facility.

43. A system according to claim 40, wherein if one of said scanners is an entrance/exit scanner and detects a transponder ID, said processor further:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as entering or exiting the facility.

44. A system according to claim 40, wherein if one of said scanners is a wall scanner and detects a transponder ID, said processor further:

comparing known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID;

if one of said known transponder IDs does not correspond to said detected transponder ID, then at least one of recording movement of said detected transponder ID and indicating said detected transponder ID as being unknown; and

if one of said known transponder IDs corresponds to one of said detected transponder IDs, then at least one of recording said detected transponder ID and recording movement of said detected transponder ID.

45. A system according to claim 40, said processor further determining whether the polled scanner is a scanner for locating and tracking objects within a storage unit within the facility, thereby designated a unit scanner, wherein for each unit scanner, said processor further:

determining a number of active antennas operationally connected to said unit scanner;

cycling through said active antennas and listing all corresponding transponder IDs for transponders in a field of view of said active antennas;

reporting said transponder IDs found by each active antenna; and

after all unit scanners have been evaluated, comparing a number of said reported transponder IDs with a number of all transponder IDs for transponders known to be in the storage unit.

46. A system according to claim 45, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is greater than said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit does not correspond to each of said reported transponder IDs, then at least one of designating said one known transponder ID as a missing transponder ID, and indicating the object having the missing transponder ID as being removed from said system; and

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

47. A system according to claim 45, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is equal to said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit with each of said reported transponder IDs;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being unknown and new to said system; and

if one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit corresponds to one of said reported transponder IDs, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

48. A system according to claim 45, wherein if said number of all transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit is less than said number of reported transponder IDs, said processor further:

comparing each of said reported transponder IDs with each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit;

if one of said reported transponder IDs does not correspond to each of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then at least one of recording a location of said reported transponder ID, designating said one reported transponder ID as an unknown transponder ID, and indicating the object having the unknown transponder ID as being at least one of unknown and new to said system; and

if one of said reported transponder IDs corresponds to one of said transponder IDs known to be in the storage unit, then recording a location of the object relative to said field of view of said corresponding active antenna.

49. A system for locating, identifying, and/or tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object, the transponder associated with a transponder identification (ID);

a reader for detecting a transponder ID;

an antenna for communicating radio frequency (RF) signals between said reader and said transponder, the RF signals including the transponder ID;

a storage device for storing known transponder IDs and detection information associated with the stored known transponder IDs, wherein the detection information indicates whether the stored known transponder ID has been previously detected by the system; and

a processor for comparing the known transponder IDs stored in said storage device with the detected transponder ID, and determining whether the detected transponder ID is a detected known transponder ID based on the comparison of the known transponder IDs with the detected transponder ID.

50. The system of claim 49, wherein the detected transponder ID is identified as a previously detected transponder ID if the detection information associated with the stored known transponder ID indicates that the detected transponder ID has been previously detected.

51. The system of claim 49, wherein the detection information comprises a null set.

52. The system of claim 49, wherein if said processor determines that the detected transponder ID has not been previously detected based on the detection information associated with the stored known transponder IDs, said processor further determines whether the detected transponder ID is a detected known transponder ID based on a comparison of the stored known transponder IDs with the detected transponder ID.

53. The system of claim 52, wherein if said processor determines that the detected transponder ID has not been previously detected and is associated with a stored known transponder ID, then said processor updates the detection information of the stored known transponder ID to indicate that the detected transponder ID has been previously detected.

54. The system of claim 49, wherein the previously undetected transponder ID comprises a transponder ID which is new to the system.

55. The system of claim 49, wherein said processor determines that the detected transponder ID is a detected known transponder ID if the detected transponder ID matches one of the stored known transponder IDs.

56. The system of claim 49, wherein the stored known transponder IDs are stored at a first field in the storage device, and the detection information is stored at a second field in the storage device.

57. A system for locating, identifying, and/or tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object, the transponder associated with a transponder identification (ID);

a reader;

an antenna for communicating radio frequency (RF) signals between said reader and said transponder, the RF signals including the transponder ID; and

a storage device storing previously detected transponder IDs by storing the transponder ID and information associated with the stored transponder ID indicating whether the stored transponder ID has been previously detected,

wherein said system detects the transponder ID, compares the previously detected transponder IDs from said storage device with the detected transponder ID, and determines whether the transponder ID has been previously detected by the system based on the comparison of the previously detected transponder IDs with the detected transponder ID, and wherein the detected transponder ID is identified as a previously undetected transponder ID if the detected transponder ID has not been previously detected.

58. The system of claim 57, wherein the information associated with the stored transponder ID indicating whether the stored transponder ID has been previously detected comprises a null set.

59. The system of claim 57, wherein the previously detected transponder IDs comprise transponder IDs that have been previously detected by said reader.

60. The system of claim 57, wherein said processor determines that the detected transponder ID is a detected known transponder ID if the detected transponder ID matches one of the stored known transponder IDs.

61. The system of claim 57, wherein the stored known transponder IDs are stored at a first field in the storage device, and the detection information is stored at a second field in the storage device.

62. A system for locating, identifying, and tracking of at least one object, said system comprising:

a transponder affixable to the object, the transponder associated with a transponder identification (ID);

a reader;

an antenna for communicating radio frequency (RF) signals between said reader and said transponder, the RF signals including the transponder ID;

a storage device for storing known transponder IDs and detection information associated with the known transponder IDs, wherein the detection information indicates whether the known transponder ID has been previously detected by the system; and

a processor for determining that said reader has detected the transponder ID, wherein the processor determines whether said detected transponder ID has been previously detected by the system based on the detection information stored in said storage device for the detected transponder ID, and wherein the detected transponder ID is identified as new to the system if the detected transponder ID has not been previously detected, and wherein the processor determines whether said detected transponder ID is a detected known transponder ID based on a comparison of known transponder IDs with said detected transponder ID.