Progressive directional routing protocol for directional mode ad hoc networks

• US 7,551,895 B1
• Filed: 09/01/2006
• Issued: 06/23/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/01/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rockwell Collins, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: Rockwell Collins, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Sheng, Chyi N., Tipton, John L., VanLaningham, Steven, Amis, Alan D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Corsaro; Nick
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sarwar; Babar
• Application Number:
  US11/515,054
• Time in Patent Office: 1,026 Days
• Field of Search: 370/241, 370/252, 370/315, 370318-320, 370/329, 370331-339, 370/752, 370/901, 370/908, 370/389, 370/397, 370/399, 455/41.2, 455/221, 455/225, 455/248, 455/63.1, 455/426.1, 455/575.1, 455/82, 455/84, 455/41.3, 455418-420, 455/414.2, 455/445, 455/69, 455/67.11, 4554561-457, 455/450, 709238-242
• US Class Current: 455/41.2
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/06 based on characteristics of available antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/08 based on transmission power

Abstract

A method of communicating in a mobile ad-hoc network is disclosed. It is determined whether a first directional transmission path between a transmitting node and a destination node is known to be free from obstruction. The transmitting node transmits a message to the destination node using the first directional transmission path. The message is retransmitted to the destination node using the first directional transmission path when a message receipt acknowledgement in an omnidirectional network transmission has not been received within a predetermined time. Additional transmissions via the first directional transmission path are blocked when the message receipt acknowledgement has not been received after more than a pre-set number of retransmissions. The message is transmitted to a proxy node using a second directional transmission path between the transmitting node and the proxy node, with instructions for the proxy node to directionally transmit the message to the destination node.

Claims

1. A method of communicating in a mobile ad-hoc network having a plurality of nodes, each node configured to transmit to and receive information, directionally and omnidirectionally from other nodes in the network, the method comprising:

determining whether a first directional transmission path between a transmitting node and a destination node is known to be free from obstruction;

the transmitting node transmitting a message to the destination node using the first directional transmission path;

retransmitting the message to the destination node using the first directional transmission path when a message receipt acknowledgement in an omnidirectional network transmission has not been received within a predetermined time;

blocking additional transmissions via the first directional transmission path when the message receipt acknowledgement in the omnidirectional network transmission has not been received after more than a pre-set number of retransmissions; and

transmitting the message to a proxy node using a second directional transmission path between the transmitting node and the proxy node based on the message receipt acknowledgement in the omnidirectional network transmission not being received, the message comprising instructions for the proxy node to directionally transmit the message to the destination node.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the proxy node is selected as a node nearest the destination node that has an unobstructed directional transmission path to the transmitting node.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the proxy node is selected as a node nearest the transmitting node that has an unobstructed directional transmission path to the destination node.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting the message to the proxy node using the second directional transmission path when it is determined it is unknown whether the first directional transmission path is free from obstruction.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

transmitting the message to the destination node using the first directional transmission path when, for a preset amount of time, it has been unknown whether the first directional transmission path is free from obstruction.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

after blocking additional transmissions via the first directional transmission path for a blocking time, attempting to transmit the message via the first directional transmission path.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the blocking time is a function of relative velocity between the transmitting node and the destination node.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting network bootstrap data through the network using omnidirectional transmissions.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

the transmitting node maintaining a listing of directional transmission paths between the transmitting node and other nodes in the network, the listing indicating whether each directional transmission path is available for transmitting the message, wherein determining whether the first directional transmission path is known to be free from obstruction includes consulting the listing.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

the transmitting node determining whether the destination node is within directional transmission communications range of the transmitting node.

11. A method of communicating in a mobile ad-hoc network having a plurality of nodes, the method comprising:

transmitting network bootstrap data through the network using omnidirectional transmissions;

the transmitting node transmitting a message to the destination node using a first directional transmission path when the first directional transmission path is known to be free from obstruction;

blocking transmissions via the first directional transmission path when a message receipt acknowledgement in an omnidirectionally transmitted bootstrap data package has not been received after more than a pre-set number of retransmissions; and

transmitting the message to a proxy node using a second directional transmission path between the transmitting node and the proxy node based on the message receipt acknowledgement in the omnidirectionally transmitted bootstrap data package not being received, the message comprising instructions for the proxy node to directionally transmit the message to the destination node, when it is determined the first directional transmission path has been blocked.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

re-transmitting the message to the destination node using the first directional transmission path when the message receipt acknowledgement has not been received within a predetermined time.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the proxy node is selected as a node nearest the destination node that has an unobstructed directional transmission path to the transmitting node.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the proxy node is selected as a node nearest the transmitting node that has an unobstructed directional transmission path to the destination node.

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

transmitting the message to the proxy node using the second directional transmission path when it is determined it is unknown whether the first directional transmission path is free from obstruction.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

transmitting the message to the destination node using the first directional transmission path when, for a preset amount of time, it has been unknown whether the first directional transmission path is free from obstruction.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

after blocking additional transmissions via the first directional transmission path for a blocking time, attempting to transmit the message via the first directional transmission path.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the blocking time is a function of relative velocity between the transmitting node and the destination node.

19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

the transmitting node maintaining a listing of directional transmission paths between the transmitting node and other nodes in the network, the listing indicating whether each directional transmission path is available for transmitting the message, wherein determining whether the first directional transmission path is known to be free from obstruction includes consulting the listing.

20. A communications device for use in a mobile ad-hoc network, comprising:

a transceiver configured to transmit and receive messages to and from other communications devices in the network;

an omnidirectional antenna connected to the transceiver and configured to broadcast and detect network bootstrap data to and from the other communications devices in the network;

a directional antenna connected to the transceiver and configured to broadcast and detect messages to and from the other communications devices in the network;

a memory that maintains a list of directional transmission paths from the communications device to other communications devices in the network, the list also including a status of each directional transmission path; and

a processor that instructs the transceiver to transmit a message to a first one of the other communications devices in the network using a first directional transmission path when the status of the first directional transmission path indicates the first directional transmission path is unobstructed, the processor instructing the transceiver to retransmit the message to the first one of the other communication devices using the first directional transmission path when a message receipt acknowledgement in an omnidirectional network transmission has not been received within a predetermined time; and

the processor instructing the transceiver to block additional transmissions via the first directional transmission path when the message receipt acknowledgement in the omnidirectional network transmission has not been received after more than a pre-set number of retransmissions;

the processor instructing the transceiver to transmit the message to a second one of the other communications devices in the network using a second directional transmission path based on network bootstrap data received from an omnidirectional network, the message comprising instructions for the second one of the other communications devices to transmit the message to the first one of the other communications devices when the status of the first one of the other communications devices indicates the first directional transmission path is obstructed.