Optical apparatus and method of use for non-invasive tomographic scan of biological tissues
First Claim
1. A method for quantifying at least one of scattering property, absorption coefficient or chromophore concentrations of a physical medium, said method comprising the steps of:
- (a) using a wave source, introducing into said physical medium, at a first site, an input modulated signal with a modulation frequency (Fn);
(b) using a wave detector, detecting, at a second site, an output modulated signal migrated over a migration path in said physical medium from said input modulated signal;
(c) comparing said output modulated signal with said input modulated signal and measuring therefrom a phase shift (φ
) between said input modulated signal and said output modulated signal;
(d) repeating steps (a)-(c) at two or more modulation frequencies and calculating an average scattering property and absorption coefficient of said physical medium using the following equation;
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a non-invasive optical system equipped with optical tomographic scanning method and algorithm for quantifying scattering and absorption properties and chromophore concentrations of highly scattering medium such as biological tissues, for 3D mapping and imaging reconstruction of the spatial and temporal variations in such properties. The invention further relates to a method and an apparatus for simultaneous measurement of concentrations of biochemical substances and blood oxygen saturation inside a biological tissue and arterial blood.
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Citations
48 Claims
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1. A method for quantifying at least one of scattering property, absorption coefficient or chromophore concentrations of a physical medium, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) using a wave source, introducing into said physical medium, at a first site, an input modulated signal with a modulation frequency (Fn); (b) using a wave detector, detecting, at a second site, an output modulated signal migrated over a migration path in said physical medium from said input modulated signal; (c) comparing said output modulated signal with said input modulated signal and measuring therefrom a phase shift (φ
) between said input modulated signal and said output modulated signal;(d) repeating steps (a)-(c) at two or more modulation frequencies and calculating an average scattering property and absorption coefficient of said physical medium using the following equation; - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. A method for quantifying at least one of scattering property, absorption coefficient or chromophore concentrations of a physical medium, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) positioning a source-detector pair on said physical medium, wherein said source-detector pair comprises a wave source and a wave detector, wherein said wave detector is placed at a distance (D) from said wave source; (b) introducing into said physical medium an input modulated signal with a modulation frequency (Fn) with said wave source; (c) detecting an output modulated signal migrated over a migration path in said physical medium from said input modulated signal with said wave detector; (d) comparing said output modulated signal with said input modulated signal and measuring therefrom a phase shift (φ
) between said input modulated signal and said output modulated signal;(e) repeating steps (a)-(d) at two or more modulation frequencies and calculating an average scattering property and absorption coefficient of said physical medium using the following equation; - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. A method for quantifying at least one of scattering property, absorption coefficient or chromophore concentrations of a biological tissue using tomographic scanning, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) positioning a one-dimensional source-detector array on said biological tissue in a first position, wherein said one-dimensional source-detector array comprising at least two source-detector pairs, each said source-detector pair comprising a wave source and a wave detector, wherein said wave detector is placed at a distance (D) from said wave source; and
wherein using each source-detector pair comprises the steps of;(i) introducing into said biological tissue an input modulated signal with a modulation frequency (Fn) with said wave source; (ii) detecting an output modulated signal migrated over a migration path in said biological tissue from said input modulated signal with said wave detector; (iii) comparing said output modulated signal with said input modulated signal and measuring therefrom a phase shift (φ
) between said input modulated signal and said output modulated signal;(iv) repeating steps (i)-(iii) at two or more modulation frequencies and calculating an average scattering property and absorption coefficient of said tissue using the following equation; - View Dependent Claims (18, 19)
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20. A method for simultaneously determining a concentration of a biochemical substance in a biological tissue and in blood, said method comprising:
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positioning multiple source-detector pairs on multiple locations of said biological tissue comprising an artery, wherein each source-detector pair comprises a wave source that produces an input modulated signal, and a wave detector that locates at a distance from said wave source and detects an output modulated signal; determining concentrations of said biochemical substance in said biological tissue based on measurements of phase shift between the input modulated signal and corresponding modulated signal; and determining a correlation between a change in an amplitude of said modulated signal and a change in blood volume using the following equation; - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. An optical system for quantifying at least one of scattering property, absorption coefficient or chromophore concentrations of highly scattering physiological medium by using phase-only measurement comprising:
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a wave source configured to be optically coupled with said physiological medium for irradiating at least two electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths, wherein the intensity of said wave source has at least two modulation frequencies; a wave detector, placed at a distance from said wave source, for detecting said at least two electromagnetic waves from said wave source and generating at least two output signals in response thereto, wherein said wave detector is capable of determining a phase shift between said introduced and detected radiation at a first wavelength and a second wavelength, and at a first modulation frequency and a second modulation frequency; a processor configured to operatively couple with said wave detector and to determine a scattering property and absorption coefficient of said physiological medium based on a phase (φ
) only measurement using the following equation; - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. A optical system for simultaneously determining a concentration of a biochemical substance in a biological tissue and in blood comprising:
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at least two source-detector pairs configured to be on at least two locations of a medium of said biological tissue, wherein each said pair of source-detector comprises; a wave source that produces an input modulated signal having different wavelengths, wherein the intensity of said each wave source has at least two modulation frequencies, a wave detector that locates at a distance from said wave source and detects an output modulated signal;
wherein said wave detector is capable of determining concentrations of said biochemical substance in said biological tissue based on measurements of phase shift between input modulated signal and corresponding output modulated signal, wherein said wave detector is also capable of measuring an amplitude of an electromagnetic wave;a processor configured to operatively couple with said wave detector and to determine a correlation between a change in an amplitude of said electromagnetic waveform and a change in blood volume using the following equation; - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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Specification