Amplifier having a virtual ground and method thereof

• US 7,554,391 B1
• Filed: 01/11/2008
• Issued: 06/30/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: North Star Innovations Inc. (Wi-LAN Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: Traylor, Kevin B., Zuiss, Thomas J.
• Primary Examiner(s): CHOE, HENRY
• Application Number:
  US12/013,070
• Publication Number:
  US 20090179697A1
• Time in Patent Office: 536 Days
• Field of Search: 330/10, 330/126, 330/251, 330/207.A
• US Class Current: 330/10
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/185 with field-effect devices H03F3/187 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/2171 with field-effect devices H03F3/2173 - H03F3/2178 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/68 Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics power amplifiers using a combination of several semiconductor amplifiers H03F3/211; combinations of amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/602

Abstract

An amplifier comprises first, second, and third modulators. The first modulator includes an input for receiving a first input signal, and an output for providing a first modulated output signal corresponding to the first input signal. The second modulator includes an input for receiving a second input signal, and an output for providing a second modulated output signal corresponding to the second input signal. The third modulator has an input for receiving a third input signal, and an output for providing a third modulated output signal corresponding to the third input signal and for providing a virtual ground. A first amplifier circuit is coupled to the outputs of the first and third modulators for driving a first load. A second amplifier circuit is coupled to the outputs of the second and third modulators for driving a second load.

Claims

1. An amplifier comprising:

a first modulation circuit having an input for receiving a first input signal, and an output for providing a first modulated output signal, the first modulated output signal corresponding to the first input signal;

a second modulation circuit having an input for receiving a second input signal, and an output for providing a second modulated output signal, the second modulated output signal corresponding to the second input signal;

a third modulation circuit having an input for receiving a third input signal, and an output for providing a third modulated output signal, the third modulated output signal corresponding to the third input signal and for providing a virtual ground;

a first amplifier circuit coupled to the outputs of the first and third modulation circuits, the first amplifier circuit for driving a first load; and

a second amplifier circuit coupled to the outputs of the second and third modulation circuits, the second amplifier circuit for driving a second load.

2. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first amplifier circuit comprises a first H-bridge circuit and the second amplifier circuit comprises a second H-bridge circuit.

3. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the third input signal represents a common mode voltage.

4. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third modulation circuits are characterized as being sigma delta modulation circuits.

5. The amplifier of claim 4, wherein each of the sigma delta modulation circuits comprises:

a first summer having a first input for receiving the first input signal, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output;

a delay element having an input coupled to the output of the first summer, and an output for providing the feedback signal;

a gain stage having an input coupled to the output of the delay element, and an output;

a second summer having a first input coupled to the output of the gain stage, a second input for receiving a feed-forward signal from the output of the first summer, and an output; and

a quantizer having an input coupled to the output of the second summer, and an output.

6. The amplifier of claim 5, wherein each of the sigma delta modulation circuits further comprises a scale factor generator having a first input coupled to the output of the quantizer, a second input coupled to receive a power supply voltage, and an output coupled to a third input of the first summer, wherein the scale factor generator adds a scale factor to the first summer to compensate for variations of the power supply voltage.

7. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the amplifier is characterized as being a class D amplifier and the first, second, and third input signals are digital signals.

8. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third modulated output signals are characterized as being pulse density modulated output signals.

9. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first amplifier circuit comprises a pair of series-connected transistors coupled between a power supply terminal and a ground terminal, the pair of series-connected transistors coupled to receive the first modulated output signal, and in response, to provide an amplified modulated output signal.

10. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first amplifier circuit comprises a first H-bridge circuit and the second amplifier circuit comprises a second H-bridge circuit, wherein:

the first H-bridge circuit has a first input coupled to the output of the first modulation circuit and a second input coupled to the output of the third modulation circuit, the first H-bridge circuit having an output for driving the first load; and

the second H-bridge circuit has a first input coupled to the output of the second modulation circuit and a second input coupled to the output of the third modulation circuit, the second H-bridge circuit having an output for driving the second load.

11. An amplifier comprising:

a first sigma delta modulator having an input for receiving a first input signal, and an output for providing a first pulse density modulated output signal, the first pulse density modulated output signal corresponding to the first input signal;

a second sigma delta modulator having an input for receiving a second input signal, and an output for providing a second pulse density modulated output signal, the second pulse density modulated output signal corresponding to the second input signal;

a third sigma delta modulator having an input for receiving a third input signal, and an output for providing a third pulse density modulated output signal, the third pulse density modulated output signal corresponding to the third input signal and for providing a virtual ground;

a first H-bridge circuit coupled to the outputs of the first and third sigma delta modulators, the first H-bridge circuit for driving a first load; and

a second H-bridge circuit coupled to the outputs of the second and third sigma delta modulators, the second H-bridge circuit for driving a second load.

12. The amplifier of claim 11, wherein the third input signal represents a common mode voltage of the first and second input signals.

13. The amplifier of claim 11, wherein the first and second input signals are digital audio signals and each of the first and second loads is a speaker.

14. The amplifier of claim 11, wherein the each of the first, second, and third sigma delta modulators comprises:

a first summer having a first input for receiving the first input signal, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output;

a delay element having an input coupled to the output of the first summer, and an output for providing the feedback signal;

a gain stage having an input coupled to the output of the delay element, and an output;

a second summer having a first input coupled to the output of the gain stage, a second input for receiving a feed-forward signal from the output of the first summer, and an output; and

a quantizer having an input coupled to the output of the second summer, and an output.

15. The amplifier of claim 14, wherein each of the first, second, and third sigma delta modulators further comprises a scale factor generator having a first input coupled to the output of the quantizer, a second input coupled to receive a power supply voltage, and an output coupled to a third input of the first summer, wherein the scale factor generator adds a scale factor to the first summer to compensate for variations of the power supply voltage.

16. A method for amplifying first and second stereo audio signals, the method comprising:

modulating the first stereo audio signal to provide a first modulated stereo signal;

modulating the second stereo audio signal to provide a second modulated stereo signal;

modulating a third signal to provide a third modulated signal, the third modulated signal for providing a virtual ground;

amplifying the first modulated stereo signal to drive a first load, wherein the first load is coupled to receive the first modulated stereo signal and the virtual ground; and

amplifying the second modulated stereo signal to drive a second load, wherein the second load is coupled to receive the second modulated stereo signal and the virtual ground.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein modulating the first stereo audio signal, modulating the second stereo audio signal, and modulating the third signal each further comprise pulse density modulating each of the first stereo audio signal, the second stereo audio signal, and the third signal.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein modulating the third signal further comprises providing a third signal that represents a common mode between the first and second stereo audio signals.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein modulating the first stereo audio signal further comprises:

using a first summer, summing the first stereo audio signal input with a feedback signal to produce a summation signal;

delaying the first summation signal to generate a delayed summation signal;

feeding back the delayed summation signal to the first summer;

amplifying the delayed summation signal;

using a second summer, summing the delayed summation signal with a feed-forward signal from the first summer to produce a second summation signal; and

quantizing the second summation signal to produce a quantized signal.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

coupling the quantized signal to an input of a scale factor generator; and

feeding back an output of the scale factor generator to the first summer, wherein the scale factor generator adds a scale factor to the first summer to compensate for variations of the power supply voltage.