Series resonant DC-DC converter

• US 7,554,820 B2
• Filed: 09/20/2005
• Issued: 06/30/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/20/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Harman International Industries Incorporated (Samsung Group)
• Original Assignee: Harman International Industries Incorporated (Samsung Group)
• Inventors: Stanley, Gerald R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Han; Jessica
• Assistant Examiner(s): PHAM, EMILY P
• Application Number:
  US11/231,160
• Publication Number:
  US 20070064451A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,379 Days
• Field of Search: 363/21.02, 363/56.05, 363/56.08, 363/56.11, 363/16, 363/17, 363 24- 25, 363/56.02, 363/56.03, 363/56.04, 363/98, 363132-134
• US Class Current: 363/17
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53871 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A series resonant Dc-DC converter powers an audio amplifier as a load. The series resonant DC-DC converter may include a power input stage, a switching stage, a series resonant stage, a transformer stage and a power output stage. The series resonant DC-DC converter further may include a clamping stage and a leakage inductance canceling stage. The clamping stage may operate to clamp an excess voltage generated at least by a leakage inductance and a parasitic capacitance. The leakage inductance canceling stage may operate to generate a voltage drop corresponding to a voltage drop generated by the leakage inductance. The generated voltage drop may be subject to clamping. The clamping stage may operate under all load conditions without any influence of the leakage inductance. As a result, the series resonant converter may achieve improved load regulation.

Claims

1. A series resonant DC-DC converter, comprising:

a switching stage operable to control a switch to turn on and off according to a predetermined switching cycle, where the switching cycle comprises a first interval that turns on the switch and a second interval that turns off the switch prior to a next switching cycle of another switch;

a series resonant stage coupled to the switching stage and comprising a capacitor and an inductor connected in series, where the inductor comprises a first inductor and a second inductor that are magnetically coupled to each other;

a transformer stage comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding connected in series with the series resonant stage;

a clamping stage coupled to the inductor and placed between the series resonant stage and the transformer stage, the clamping stage operable to clamp an excess voltage, where the excess voltage is a predetermined voltage drop produced by the second inductor; and

,

an output stage coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer stage and configured to power a load.

2. The converter of claim 1, where the clamping stage comprises a first diode and a second diode that are connected in series.

3. The converter of claim 1, where a voltage across the first inductor is boosted by a voltage across the second inductor.

4. The converter of claim 1, where a voltage across the first inductor is reduced by a voltage across the second inductor.

5. The converter of claim 1, where the predetermined voltage drop is equivalent to a voltage drop of a leakage inductance Ls of the transformer stage.

6. The converter of claim 5, where the first inductor comprises a number of turns n1, the number of turns n1 being determined to supply a resonant inductance Lr included in the series resonant stage and the second inductor comprises a number of turns n2, the number of turns n2 being determined to simulate the voltage drop of the leakage inductance Ls.

7. The converter of claim 6, where the number of turns n2 is determined to be:

n2=n1×

(Ls/Lr) 

 

(1)

8. The converter of claim 7, where the number of turns n2 is selected as an integer that is closest to the value of n1×

(Ls/Lr).

9. The converter of claim 1, where the first inductor and the second inductor are formed in a single winding.

10. The converter of claim 5, where the first inductor comprises a number of turns n1+n2, the number of turns n1+n2 configured to supply a resonant inductance Lr included in the series resonant stage and the second inductor comprises a number of turns n2, the number of turns n2 being determined to simulate the voltage drop of the leakage inductance Ls.

11. The converter of claim 10, where the number of turns n2 is determined to be:

n2=(n1+n2)×

[Ls/(Lr+Ls)] 

 

(2)

12. A series resonant DC-DC converter, comprising:

a switching stage operable to control a switch to turn on and off according to a predetermined switching cycle, where the switching cycle comprises a first interval that turns on the switch and a second interval that turns off the switch prior to a next switching cycle of another switch;

a series resonant stage coupled to the switching stage and comprising a capacitor and an inductor connected in series;

a transformer stage comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding connected in series with the series resonant stage;

a clamping stage placed between the switching stage and the transformer stage, the clamping stage operable to clamp an excess voltage;

an output stage coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer stage and configured to power a load; and

a leakage inductance cancellation block operable to produce a predetermined voltage for clamping by the clamping stage, the voltage corresponding to a voltage drop of a leakage inductance of the transformer stage.

13. The converter of claim 12, where the clamping stage comprises at least one diode and the leakage inductance cancellation block comprises an inductor.

14. The converter of claim 12, where the inductor of the series resonant stage comprises the leakage inductance cancellation block.

15. The converter of claim 12, where a resonance inductance of the series resonant stage comprises the leakage inductance.

16. A series resonant DC-DC converter for powering an audio amplifier, comprising:

a transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, where a leakage inductance and a parasitic capacitance develop in the transformer;

a series resonant circuit comprising a capacitor and an inductor, the inductor comprising a winding operable with a voltage drop that corresponds to a voltage drop of the leakage inductance; and

a diode circuit coupled to the inductor and disposed between the series resonant circuit and the transformer, the diode circuit operable to clamp an excess voltage generated at least in response to the leakage inductance and the parasitic capacitance, where the voltage drop of the inductor is clamped by the diode circuit.

17. The converter of claim 16, where the leakage inductance is configured to be used as a resonant inductance of the series resonant circuit.

18. The converter of claim 17, where the inductor comprises a first winding and a second winding and the second winding is operable with the voltage drop corresponding to the voltage drop of the leakage inductance.

19. The converter of claim 18, where the first winding and the second winding are magnetically coupled to have the same polarity.

24. The converter of claim 16, further comprising a switching device enabled and disabled to supply an input voltage, the switching device comprising two switches that are activated alternately.

25. The converter of claim 16, further comprising a switching device enabled and disabled to supply an input voltage, the switching device comprising a first pair of switches and a second pair of switches, where one switch of the first pair and one switch of the second pair are activated substantially simultaneously.

26. The converter of claim 16, further comprising a first bridge rectifying circuit operable to receive an AC voltage and rectify the AC voltage into a DC waveform where the first bridge rectifying circuit is selectively operable as one of a full wave rectifier and a voltage doubler.

27. The converter of claim 26, further comprising a storage capacitor configured to be charged with the rectified AC voltage.

28. The converter of claim 26, further comprising a second bridge rectifying circuit operable to rectify a voltage from the secondary winding of the transformer.

29. The converter of claim 28, further comprising an output filter capacitor operable to filter a high frequency component of the rectified voltage.

20. A series resonant DC-DC converter for powering an audio amplifier, comprising:

a transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, where a leakage inductance and a parasitic capacitance develop in the transformer;

a series resonant circuit comprising a capacitor and a first inductor, the first inductor comprising a winding operable with a voltage drop that corresponds to a voltage drop of the leakage inductance, where the winding comprises a first winding and a second winding, and the second winding is disposed between the first winding and a second inductor representing the leakage inductance; and

a diode circuit disposed between a switching device and the transformer, the diode circuit operable to clamp an excess voltage generated at least in response to the leakage inductance and the parasitic capacitance, where the voltage drop of the first inductor is clamped by the diode circuit.

21. The converter of claim 20, where the leakage inductance is not a part of a resonant inductance of the series resonant circuit.

22. The converter of claim 20, where the first winding and the second winding are configured to have magnetically opposite polarity.

23. The converter of claim 22, where the first winding has a greater number of turns than that of the second winding such that the first winding carries a primary current.

30. A method for powering an audio amplifier, comprising:

supplying a driving voltage to turn on a switching device during a switching cycle where the driving voltage becomes zero value at the end of the switching cycle and prior to a start of a next switching cycle;

turning off the switching device at a zero current and turning on the switching device at a zero voltage;

transferring power from a primary side to a secondary side of a transformer;

generating with an inductor positioned on the primary side of the transformer a voltage drop that corresponds to a voltage drop of a leakage inductance of the transformer;

clamping the generated voltage drop; and

supplying the transferred power with the clamped voltage drop to an audio amplifier.

31. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

clamping the voltage drop of the inductor to a determined magnitude.

32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

forming the inductor to have a first winding with a number of turns n1 and a second winding with a number of turns n2; and

magnetically coupling the first winding and the second winding to have the same polarity.

33. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

forming the inductor to have a first winding with a number of turns n1+n2 and a second winding with a number of turns n2; and

magnetically coupling the first winding and the second winding to have opposite polarity.