High-performance addressing and routing of data packets with semantically descriptive labels in a computer network

• US 7,555,563 B2
• Filed: 02/26/2007
• Issued: 06/30/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 08/16/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Semandex Networks, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Semandex Networks, Inc.
• Inventors: Singh, Manpreet, Ott, Maximilian A., Makwana, Dhananjay, Reininger, Daniel J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Donaghue; Larry D
• Assistant Examiner(s): BILGRAMI, ASGHAR H
• Application Number:
  US11/710,870
• Publication Number:
  US 20070239892A1
• Time in Patent Office: 855 Days
• Field of Search: 709/240, 709/238
• US Class Current: 709/240
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/35 involving non-standard use of addresses for implementing network functionalities, e.g. coding subscription information within the address or functional addressing, i.e. assigning an address to a function
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/306 User profiles
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols

Abstract

A method, system and apparatus for routing data through a network based on the content or semantics of the data. Semantic routing engines route the data through the network based upon information maintained in routing tables. The routing tables used to route the content through the network are derived by aggregating information about either content consumers or content producers into ontological.

Claims

1. A method for routing data through a network based on semantics of content of the data being routed wherein the network comprises a plurality of routers, comprising:

configuring the plurality of routers to route data packets through the network based on the semantics of the content of the data packets by

receiving a plurality of semantic profiles at one or more of the routers, the semantic profiles including information that identifies consumers'"'"' interests in receiving content of a given description,

operating on the semantic profiles received at one of a plurality of routers to identify areas of overlapping interests of consumers,

aggregating the semantic profiles using the identified areas of overlapping interests, and

propagating the aggregated semantic profiles to other ones of the plurality of routers;

routing a data packet through the network by making comparisons between at least the semantic content included in the data packet and the semantic content of the aggregated semantic profiles received from other routers; and

forwarding the data packet to at least one of the plurality of routers or to the content consumer when there is a match of the semantic content.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the network comprises content producers, content consumers and semantic routers.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the content consumers, content producers, and semantic routers communicate through links, wherein each link comprises two ports and wherein each port is associated with a semantic profile which is used to determine if a data packet will be forwarded across the link.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the semantic profile associated with one port is sent by an entity connected to the other port of the same link.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the semantic profile associated with one port is determined by an entity connected to the other port of the same link.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein the semantic profile for at least one port is determined by aggregating the profiles associated with all the ports on the entity connected through the port'"'"'s link, excluding the port on the other side of the link.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising classifying the content before creating the data packet.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising filtering the routed data packet before reaching a content consumer.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising distributing the aggregated semantic profiles into a semantic network.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the data packet comprises a header and content.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the header comprises at least one semantic descriptor and zero or more semantic signatures, further comprising providing a forwarding agent to route the data packet through the network using the at least one semantic descriptor, or if available, the zero or more semantic signatures.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of semantic profiles express a plurality of content consumers'"'"' interests in receiving content.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending data packets through the routers by tunnelling.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein said method is deployed as an overlay network on top of conventional network routers.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the semantic profiles contain content consumers'"'"' current locations allowing delivery of location-specific content.

16. The method of claim 3 wherein content is only forwarded along a link if the content matches a content consumer'"'"'s interest as specified in the semantic profile of the content consumer.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein the matching of content to a semantic profile is done by comparing structured XML packet headers and content routing trees.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein the semantic profiles include a policy profile that allows the network to filter content received by a content consumer.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein the semantic profiles include a policy profile that allows the network to filter content received by part of the network.

20. The method of claim 10 wherein the header of the semantic profiles include one or more semantic signatures, wherein mappings between at least one semantic signature of previously processed packets are maintained and routing decisions are enhanced for packets with identical semantic signatures.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of routers comprise semantic routers and the network comprises a semantic log keeper which is aware of at least one of the semantic routers.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising:

contacting a semantic log keeper;

using routing data obtained from the semantic log keeper to query different semantic routers; and

selecting suitable semantic routers based on responses to queries.

23. The method of claim 21 wherein the semantic log keeper functionality is implemented in a management and operation station with the network on which the semantic network is running.

24. A semantic router for routing data through a network based on semantics of content of the data received comprising:

means for receiving a plurality of semantic profiles wherein the semantic profiles include information that identifies consumers'"'"' interests in receiving content of a given description;

means for operating on the received semantic profiles to identify areas of overlapping interests of consumers;

a profile manager that aggregates the semantic profiles using the identified areas of overlapping interests;

a first forwarding agent propagating the aggregated semantic profiles to neighboring semantic routers in the network;

a routing engine that routes a data packet through the network by making comparisons at least between the semantic content included in the data packet and the semantic content of aggregated semantic profiles received from the neighboring routers in the network; and

a second forwarding agent that forwards the data packet to at least one of the neighboring semantic routers or to the content consumer when there is a match of the semantic content.

25. The semantic router of claim 24 further comprising a load manager which maintains a balance between processing and throughput of the semantic router.

26. The semantic router of claim 24, wherein the semantic router communicates with other semantic routers through links, wherein each link comprises two ports and wherein each port is associated with a semantic profile which is used to determine if a data packet will be forwarded across the link and wherein the load manager may simplify the semantic profile of one or more ports to reduce the router'"'"'s processing load.

27. The semantic router of claim 24 wherein the routing engine includes a routing cache holding mappings between at least one semantic signature of previously processed packets and the routing engine'"'"'s routing decisions to speed up the routing decision for packets with identical semantic signature.

28. The semantic router of claim 24 wherein the semantic profiles are aggregated into ontological trees that are used to form routing tables.

29. The semantic router of claim 28 wherein the load manager manages the processing load of the routing apparatus by reducing precision in the aggregated semantic profiles.

30. The semantic router of claim 29 wherein the first forwarding agent comprises a signaling agent that sends the aggregated semantic profiles to the other routing apparatus to update routing data of the other routing apparatus.

31. The semantic router of claim 30 wherein the profile manager, the load manager and the signaling agent interact to balance processing load of the routing apparatus.

32. The semantic router of claim 25 wherein the load manager manages processing load partly by delegating the processing load of the routing apparatus to neighboring routing apparatus.

33. The semantic router of claim 25 wherein the load manager interacts with other routing apparatus and a semantic log keeper to become aware of current topology of the network.

34. The semantic router of claim 24 wherein the semantic router can be deployed in a non-overlay network which comprises:

a plurality of link layers forming the different link layer interfaces;

a packet classifier;

a semantic routing engine; and

multiple additional routing engines, such as an IP, or MPLS routing engines.

35. The semantic router of claim 24 wherein the first forwarding agent distributes the aggregated semantic profiles into a semantic network.

36. A method for routing data through a network based on semantics of content of the data being routed comprising:

receiving an interest in specified content from a content consumer;

creating a semantic profile comprising said interest in specified content;

propagating the semantic profile to a semantic router;

operating on the semantic profile received at least one semantic router to identify areas of overlapping interests of consumers;

aggregating the semantic profile with other semantic profiles on at least one semantic router;

propagating the aggregated semantic profiles through a network wherein the network comprises a plurality of semantic routers;

receiving a data packet including semantic content; and

propagating the data packet through the network towards the content consumer based at least on a comparison between the semantic content included in the semantic packet and the content consumer'"'"'s semantic profile.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein the content consumer is a search engine.

38. The method of claim 36 further comprising distributing the aggregated semantic profiles into a semantic network.

39. The method of claim 36 wherein the semantic profile contains the consumer'"'"'s current location which allows delivery of location-specific content.

40. A method for routing data through a network based on semantics of content of the data being routed wherein the network comprises a plurality of semantic routers, the method comprising:

configuring the semantic routers by;

receiving a plurality of content profiles at one or more of the semantic routers, the content profiles including information that identifies content producers'"'"' available data of a specified content,

operating on the content profiles received at a semantic router to identify areas of overlapping content available from content producers,

aggregating the content profiles using the identified areas of overlapping content, and

propagating the aggregated content profiles to neighboring semantic routers in the network;

receiving a request for data of a specified content at one of a plurality of routers in a network wherein the request for data comprises a semantic descriptor of the specified content; and

routing the request for data through the network by making comparisons between at least the semantic content included in the request and the semantic content of the aggregated content profiles received from the neighboring semantic routers and forwarding the request to at least the content producer or at least one of the neighboring routers when there is a match of the semantic content.

41. The method of claim 40 further comprising distributing the aggregated content profiles into a semantic network.

42. The method of claim 40 further comprising receiving a data packet including the specified content and a return address of the requestor and routing a new data packet containing the requested data directly to the requestor.

43. The method of claim 40 further comprising in response to receipt of a request for data, creating one or more data packets which include specified content and transmitting these to one or more routers in the network for general availability to any interested consumers.

44. The method of claim 40 wherein the content profiles contain content producers'"'"' current locations which allows searching for location-specific content.

45. A method for configuring a network for routing data based on content or semantics of the data wherein the network comprises a plurality of semantic routers comprising:

receiving a plurality of content profiles at least one of the plurality of semantic routers, the content profiles including information that identifies content producers'"'"' available data of a specified content;

operating on the content profiles received at the at least one of the plurality of semantic routers to identify areas of overlapping content available from content producers;

aggregating the content profiles using the identified areas of overlapping content;

propagating the aggregated content profiles to neighboring ones of the plurality of semantic routers in the network;

receiving a plurality of semantic profiles at the least one of the plurality of semantic routers, the semantic profiles including information that identifies consumers'"'"' interests in receiving content of a given description;

operating on the semantic profiles received at the least one of the plurality of semantic routers to identify areas of overlapping interests of consumers;

aggregating the semantic profiles using the identified areas of overlapping interests; and

propagating the aggregated semantic profiles to neighboring ones of the plurality of semantic routers in the network.

46. The method of claim 45 further comprising distributing the aggregated semantic profiles into a semantic network.