Method and apparatus for time and frequency synchronization of OFDM communication systems

• US 7,558,245 B2
• Filed: 12/30/2005
• Issued: 07/07/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Rangan, Sundeep, Sampath, Hemanth T., Laroia, Rajiv, Li, Junyi
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryman; Daniel J
• Assistant Examiner(s): PHAM, TITO Q
• Application Number:
  US11/322,538
• Publication Number:
  US 20060104257A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,285 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/350
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2659 Coarse or integer frequency offset determination and synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/266 Fine or fractional frequency offset determination and synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2663 Coarse synchronisation, e.g. by correlation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2665 Fine synchronisation, e.g. by positioning the FFT window
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2675 Pilot or known symbols

Abstract

A method and apparatus for joint time and frequency synchronization for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. A multitone pilot signal is sent in a designated OFDM symbol period. The receiver synchronizes to the pilot signal in a two-stage procedure. The first stage estimates the frequency offset coarsely with a frequency-domain correlation method and estimates the time offset with smoothed time-domain correlation. In a multipath channel, the smoothed time offset estimate is used to locate a cyclic prefix interval which captures the maximum total signal energy. The second stage improves the frequency estimate with a computationally efficient numerical optimization method.

Claims

1. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication device, comprising:

an OFDM receiver for receiving an OFDM signal containing a multitone synchronization signal;

a synchronization interval sampler for receiving said OFDM signal and producing a sequence of samples therefrom;

an initial time and frequency offset estimator coupled to said synchronization sampler for producing from said sequence of samples a time offset estimate and an initial frequency offset estimate, said time offset estimate being supplied to said receiver; and

a frequency offset estimate refinement unit coupled to said sampler and said estimator, said frequency offset estimate refinement unit receiving a reference multitone synchronization signal in addition to said sequence of samples and said initial frequency offset estimate and producing therefrom an improved frequency offset which is supplied to said receiver.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein said initial time and frequency offset estimator comprises:

a plurality of smoothed time-domain correlation estimators for outputting a series of time offset estimate and correlation estimate pairs, each pair related to a frequency offset estimate; and

a selector for selecting a selected time offset estimate and a selected initial frequency offset based in part upon the selection of the frequency offset estimate and time offset estimate that corresponds with the largest value of correlation estimate.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein each of said smoothed time domain correlation estimators comprises:

a time domain correlator;

a smoothing filter connected to said time domain correlator and receiving an output from said time domain correlator; and

a maximum detector connected to and receiving an output from said smoothing filter for detecting a signal energy maxima representing a time estimate at which the energy of said reference multitone synchronization signal is at a maximum.

4. The device of claim 2, wherein the-initial time and frequency offset estimator uses a coarse frequency discretization using F candidate frequency offsets.

5. The device of claim 2, wherein said reference multitone synchronization signal has a length of T, and wherein said frequency offset estimate refinement unit comprises:

a T-length interval extractor for extracting a T-length sample of the output of said sampler;

a numerical oscillator for generating a complex exponential of a candidate frequency offset;

a multiplier for multiplying said T-length sample with said complex exponential to obtain a frequency shifted received signal;

a correlator for correlating said frequency shifted received signal with said reference multitone synchronization signal and producing a correlation output; and

a numerical optimizer for receiving said correlation output and outputting a new frequency offset candidate.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein said new frequency offset candidate and a time offset associated with said new frequency offset candidate are used by said receiver if said new frequency offset candidate is a candidate that yields a maximum correlation output.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein said initial time and frequency offset estimator comprises:

a first Fast Fourier Transformer for obtaining a transform of said received signal;

an second Fast Fourier Transformer device for obtaining a transform of said reference multitone synchronization signal;

a frequency domain correlation estimator for receiving said transform of said received signal and said transform of said reference multitone synchronization signal and outputting an initial frequency offset estimate; and

a time domain correlation estimator for receiving said transform of said received signal and said transform of said reference multitone synchronization signal and said initial frequency offset estimate and outputting a time offset estimate.

8. A method of synchronizing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver with a received OFDM signal comprising a multitone synchronization signal, comprising the steps of:

sampling said received signal in a selected time interval to derive samples of said multitone synchronization signal;

analyzing said samples with respect to a reference multitone synchronization signal to produce a time offset estimate and an initial frequency offset estimate;

performing a frequency offset refinement process on the initial frequency offset estimate to produce an improved frequency offset, said refinement process using said samples, said multitone synchronization signal, and said initial frequency offset estimate as inputs to said frequency offset refinement process; and

supplying the improved frequency offset to said receiver and said time offset estimate for use in processing said received signal.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

operating the receiver to use said time offset estimate and said improved frequency offset to synchronize the receiver with said received OFDM signal.

10. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication device, comprising:

means for receiving an OFDM signal containing a multitone synchronization signal;

means for receiving said OFDM signal and producing a sequence of samples therefrom;

means for producing, from said sequence of samples, a time offset estimate and an initial frequency offset estimate, said time offset estimate being supplied to said means for receiving the OFDM signal, said means for producing the time offset estimate and the initial frequency offset estimate being-coupled to said means for producing the sequence of samples; and

means for producing, from i) a received reference multitone synchronization signal;

ii) said sequence of samples and iii) said initial frequency offset estimate, an improved frequency offset, said means for producing an improved frequency offset being coupled to said means for producing the sequence of samples and said means for producing the time offset estimate and the initial frequency offset estimate.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein said means for producing the time offset estimate and the initial frequency offset estimate comprises:

means for obtaining a fast fourier transform of said received signal;

means for obtaining a fast fourier transform of said reference multitone synchronization signal;

means for receiving said transform of said received signal and said transform of said reference multitone synchronization signal and outputting an initial frequency offset estimate; and

means for receiving said transform of said received signal, said transform of said reference multitone synchronization signal and said initial frequency offset estimate, and outputting a time offset estimate.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein said means for producing the time offset estimate and the initial frequency offset estimate uses a coarse frequency discretization using F candidate frequency offsets.