Multifunctional particulate material, fluid, and composition

• US 7,560,160 B2
• Filed: 11/25/2002
• Issued: 07/14/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 11/25/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Materials Modification Inc.
• Original Assignee: Materials Modification Inc.
• Inventors: Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran, Kotha, Sanjay, Sudarshan, Tirumalai S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kiliman; Leszek
• Application Number:
  US10/302,962
• Publication Number:
  US 20040105980A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,423 Days
• Field of Search: 428402-407
• US Class Current: 428/402
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 171/001 Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/0225 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/06 Particles of special shape or size
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/061 Coated particles
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2030/08 Resistance to extreme temperature
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2030/60 Electro rheological properties
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/14 Electric or magnetic purposes
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/172 based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/52 Optical limiters
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0054 Coated nanoparticles, e.g. nanoparticles coated with organic surfactant
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/20 in the form of particles, e.g. powder H01F1/147 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/36 in the form of particles H01F1/346, H01F1/348 and H01F1/38 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/447 characterised by magnetoviscosity, e.g. magnetorheological, magnetothixotropic, magnetodilatant liquids electrorheological fluids C10M171/001
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2982 Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2991 Coated
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2993 Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2995 Silane, siloxane or silicone coating
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2996 Glass particles or spheres
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2998 including synthetic resin or polymer

Abstract

A multifunctional particulate material, fluid, or composition includes a predetermined amount of core particles with a plurality of coatings. The core particles have an average particle size of about 1 nm to 500 μm. The particulate material, fluid, or composition is capable of exhibiting one or more properties, such as magnetic, thermal, optical, electrical, biological, chemical, lubrication, and rheological.

Claims

1. A particulate material, comprising:

a) a predetermined amount of core particles with one or more coatings;

b) one of said one or more coatings comprising a permanent surfactant coating, wherein the core particles and/or at least one of said one or more coatings provides the particulate material with at least one property selected from the group consisting of magnetic, thermal, optical, electrical, biological, chemical, lubrication, rheological, and a combination thereof; and

c) said core particles having an average particle size of about 1 nm to 500 μ

m.

2. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein:

a) said core particles comprise a member selected from the group consisting of a metal, a polymer, a ceramic material, an intermetallic material, an alloy, and a combination thereof.

3. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein:

a) the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, tin, gold, silver, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, silicon, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, an alloy, an oxide, and a combination thereof.

4. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein:

a) the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphenylene vinylene, and a combination thereof.

5. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein:

a) the ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, zinc ferrite, manganese ferrite, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, carbon, indium oxide, titania, aluminum nitride, zirconia, tin oxide, chromium oxide, yttrium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, magnesium oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, iron nitride, vanadium nitride, titanium, silicon carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, iron carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, titanium diboride, vanadium boride, iron boride, zirconium diboride, hafnium diboride, tantalum diboride, nickel boride, cobalt boride, chromium boride and a combination thereof.

6. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein:

a) the intermetallic material is selected from the group consisting of titanium aluminide, niobium aluminide, iron aluminide, nickel aluminide, ruthenium aluminide, iridium aluminide, chromium aluminide, titanium silicide, niobium silicide, zirconium silicide, molybdenum silicide, hafnium silicide, tantalum silicide, tungsten silicide, iron silicide, cobalt silicide, nickel silicide, magnesium silicide, yttrium silicide, cadmium silicide, berryllium oxide, nickel berryllide, niobium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, yttrium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, zirconium berryllide, and a combination thereof.

7. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein:

a) the alloy is selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, cadmium selenide, iron-cobalt, ferro-nickel, ferro-silicon, ferro-manganese, ferro-magnesium, brass, bronze, steel, and a combination thereof.

8. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein:

a) one of said one or more coatings has a thickness of about 1 nm to 10 μ

m.

9. The particulate material of claim 8, wherein:

a) a portion of said core particles includes up to ten of said coatings.

10. The particulate material of claim 8, wherein:

a) said coatings have varying thickness.

11. The particulate material of claim 8, wherein:

a) said coatings have generally the same thickness.

12. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein:

a) another one of said coatings comprises a member selected from the group consisting of a metal, a polymer, a ceramic material, an intermetallic material, and an alloy or a combination thereof.

13. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein:

a) said core particles comprise a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, a lamella, a polyhedron, and a combination thereof.

14. The particulate material of claim 12, wherein:

a) the metal is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, gold, silver, tungsten, silicon, aluminum, zinc, molybdenum, indium, bismuth, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, and a combination thereof.

15. The particulate material of claim 12, wherein:

a) the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, manitol, starch, dextran, poly methyl methacrylate, polyaniline, polystyrene, poly pyrolle, N-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylamide, lecithin, and a combination thereof.

16. The particulate material of claim 12, wherein:

a)the ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, zinc ferrite, manganese ferrite, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, carbon, indium oxide, titania, aluminum nitride, zirconia, tin oxide, chromium oxide, yttrium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, magnesium oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, iron nitride, vanadium nitride, titanium, silicon carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, iron carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, titanium diboride, vanadium boride, iron boride, zirconium diboride, hafnium diboride, tantalum diboride, nickel boride, cobalt boride, chromium boride and a combination thereof.

17. The particulate material of claim 12, wherein:

a)the intermetallic material is selected from the group consisting of titanium aluminide, niobium aluminide, iron aluminide, nickel aluminide, ruthenium aluminide, iridium aluminide, chromium aluminide, titanium silicide, niobium silicide, zirconium silicide, molybdenum silicide, hafnium silicide, tantalum silicide, tungsten silicide, iron silicide, cobalt silicide, nickel silicide, magnesium silicide, yttrium silicide, cadmium silicide, berryllium oxide, nickel berryllide, niobium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, yttrium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, zirconium berryllide, and a combination thereof.

18. The particulate material of claim 12, wherein:

a) the alloy is selected from the group consisting of ferro-nickel, ferro-silicon, ferro-manganese, ferro-magnesium, brass, bronze, steel, and a combination thereof.

19. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein:

a) said core particles with said one or more coatings selectively interact with one or more of an external stimulus selected from the group consisting of an electric field, a magnetic field, a thermal field, an optical field, and a combination thereof.

20. The particulate material of claim 19, wherein:

a) said core particles interact with one or more of said external stimulus individually or simultaneously.

58. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein:

a) the alloy comprises one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, tin, gold, silver, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, silicon, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, an alloy, an oxide, and a combination thereof.

21. A particulate composition, comprising:

a) a carrier medium;

b) a predetermined amount of a particulate material in said medium;

c) said particulate material comprising core particles with one or more coatings;

d) one of said one or more coatings comprising a permanent surfactant coating, wherein the core particles and/or at least one of said one or more coatings provides the particulate material with at least one property selected from the group consisting of magnetic, thermal, optical, electrical, biological, chemical, lubrication, rheological, and a combination thereof; and

e) said core particles having an average particle size of about 1 nm to 500 μ

m.

22. The particulate composition of claim 21, wherein:

a) said carrier medium comprises a fluid.

23. The particulate composition of claim 22, wherein:

a) said core particles comprise a member selected from the group consisting of a metal, a polymer, a ceramic material, an intermetallic material, an alloy, and a combination thereof.

24. The particulate composition of claim 23, wherein:

a) the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, tin, gold, silver, chromium, copper, tungsten, zinc, silicon, molybdenum, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, an alloy, an oxide, and a combination thereof.

25. The particulate composition of claim 23, wherein:

a) the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphenylene vinylene, and a combination thereof.

26. The particulate composition of claim 23, wherein:

a) the ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, zinc ferrite, manganese ferrite, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, carbon, indium oxide, titania, aluminum nitride, zirconia, tin oxide, chromium oxide, yttrium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, magnesium oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, iron nitride, vanadium nitride, titanium, silicon carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, iron carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, titanium diboride, vanadium boride, iron boride, zirconium diboride, hafnium diboride, tantalum diboride, nickel boride, cobalt boride, chromium boride, and a combination thereof.

27. The particulate composition of claim 23, wherein:

a) the intermetallic material is selected from the group consisting of titanium aluminide, niobium aluminide, iron aluminide, nickel aluminide, ruthenium aluminide, iridium aluminide, chromium aluminide, titanium silicide, niobium silicide, zirconium silicide, molybdenum silicide, hafnium silicide, tantalum silicide, tungsten silicide, iron silicide, cobalt silicide, nickel silicide, magnesium silicide, yttrium silicide, cadmium silicide, berryllium oxide, nickel berryllide, niobium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, yttrium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, zirconium berryllide, and a combination thereof.

28. The particulate composition of claim 23, wherein:

a) the alloy is selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, cadmium selenide, iron-cobalt, ferro-nickel, ferro-silicon, ferro-manganese, ferro-magnesium, brass, bronze, steel, and a combination thereof.

29. The particulate composition of claim 22, wherein:

a) one of said one or more coatings has a thickness of about 1 nm to 10 μ

m.

30. The particulate composition of claim 29, wherein:

a) a portion of said core particles includes up to ten of said coatings.

31. The particulate composition of claim 29, wherein:

a) said coatings have varying thicknesses.

32. The particulate composition of claim 29, wherein:

a) said coatings have generally the same thickness.

33. The particulate composition of claim 22, wherein:

a) another one of said coatings comprises a member selected from the group consisting of a metal, a polymer, a ceramic material, an intermetallic material, an alloy, and a combination thereof.

34. The particulate composition of claim 22, wherein:

a) said core particles comprise a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, a lamella, a polyhedron, and a combination thereof.

35. The particulate composition of claim 33, wherein:

a) the metal is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, gold, silver, tungsten, silicon, aluminum, zinc, molybdenum, indium, bismuth, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, and a combination thereof.

36. The particulate composition of claim 33, wherein:

a) the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, manitol, starch, dextran, poly methyl methacrylate, polyaniline, polystyrene, poly pyrolle, N-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylamide, lecithin, and a combination thereof.

37. The particulate composition of claim 33, wherein:

a) the ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, zinc ferrite, manganese ferrite, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, carbon, indium oxide, titania, aluminum nitride, zirconia, tin oxide, chromium oxide, yttrium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, magnesium oxide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, iron nitride, vanadium nitride, titanium, silicon carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, iron carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, titanium diboride, vanadium boride, iron boride, zirconium diboride, hafnium diboride, tantalum diboride, nickel boride, cobalt boride, chromium boride, and a combination thereof.

38. The particulate composition of claim 33, wherein:

a) the intermetallic material is selected from the group consisting of titanium aluminide, niobium aluminide, iron aluminide, nickel aluminide, ruthenium aluminide, iridium aluminide, chromium aluminide, titanium silicide, niobium silicide, zirconium silicide, molybdenum silicide, hafnium silicide, tantalum silicide, tungsten silicide, iron silicide, cobalt silicide, nickel silicide, magnesium silicide, yttrium silicide, cadmium silicide, berryllium oxide, nickel berryllide, niobium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, yttrium berryllide, tantalum berryllide, zirconium berryllide, and a combination thereof.

39. The particulate composition of claim 33, wherein:

a) the alloy is selected from the group consisting of ferro-nickel, ferro-silicon, ferro-manganese, ferro-magnesium, brass, bronze, steel, and a combination thereof.

40. The particulate composition of claim 22, wherein:

a) said core particles with said one or more coatings selectively interact with one or more of an external stimulus selected from the group consisting of an electric field, a magnetic field, a thermal field, an optical field, and a combination thereof.

41. The particulate composition of claim 40, wherein:

a) said core particles interact with one or more of said external stimulus individually or simultaneously.

42. The composition of claim 22, wherein:

a) said fluid is selected from the group consisting of water, a water and oil mixture, oil, wax, a lubricant, a metallic fluid, a polymer, an organic solvent, and a combination thereof.

43. The particulate composition of claim 22, further comprising:

a) a dispersant.

44. The particulate composition of claim 43, wherein:

a) said dispersant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, manitol, dextran, starch, lecithin, and a combination thereof.

60. The particulate composition of claim 23, wherein:

a) the alloy comprises one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, tin, gold, silver, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, silicon, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, an alloy, an oxide, and a combination thereof.

61. The particulate composition of claim 33, wherein:

a) the alloy comprises one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, tin, gold, silver, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, silicon, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, an alloy, an oxide, and a combination thereof.

45. A particle for delivery of an agent to a desired location in a system, comprising:

a) a magneto-responsive core for assisting in transport of the particle to a desired location in a system;

b) said core including a coating of a fluorescent material for tracking the movement of the particle in the system;

c) said core including another permanent coating of a surfactant wherein the core and/or at least one of said coatings provides the particle with at least one property selected from the group consisting of magnetic, thermal, optical, electrical, biological, chemical, lubrication, rheological, and a combination thereof; and

d) said fluorescent material comprising gold, silver, or a combination thereof.

46. The particle of claim 45, wherein:

a) said core has a size of about 1 nm to 500 μ

m.

47. The particle of claim 46, wherein:

a) said core comprises a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, a lamella, a polyhedron, and a combination thereof.

48. The particle of claim 47, further comprising:

a) a dispersant selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, lecithin, polyethylene glycol, starch, glycerol, sorbitol, manitol, and a combination thereof.

49. The particle of claim 45, wherein:

a) said core comprises a member selected from the group consisting of iron, iron oxide, a ferrite, cobalt, nickel, and a combination thereof.

50. The particle of claim 49, wherein:

a) the agent comprises a biological, a pharmaceutical, or a chemical agent, or a combination thereof.

51. A magneto-responsive particulate material, comprising:

a) a predetermined amount of a magnetic particulate material;

b) said particulate material comprising core particles with a chemical or biological antagonist material; and

c) said core particles comprising a permanent coating of a surfactant wherein the core particles and/or said coating provides said particulate material with at least one property selected from the group consisting of magnetic, thermal, optical, electrical, biological, chemical, lubrication, rheological, and a combination thereof.

52. The particulate material of claim 51, wherein:

a) said biological material is antagonist to a molecule selected from the group consisting of a toxin, pathogen, DNA, RNA, protein, a biochemical, and a combination thereof.

53. The particulate material of claim 51, wherein:

a) said core particles are selected from the group consisting of iron, iron oxide, and a combination thereof.

54. The particulate material of claim 51, wherein:

a) said core particles comprise super-paramagnetic particles.

55. The particulate material of claim 53, wherein:

a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 1 nm to 500 μ

m.

56. The particulate material of claim 55, wherein:

a) said core particles comprise a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, a lamella, a polyhedron, and a combination thereof.

57. The particulate material of claim 56, further comprising:

a) a dispersant selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, starch, dextran, and a combination thereof.

59. The particulate material of clam 12, wherein:

a) the alloy comprises one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, tin, gold, silver, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, silicon, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, magnesium, germanium, zirconium, niobium, rhenium, iridium, cadmium, indium, hafnium, tantalum, platinum, neodymium, gallium, zinc, an alloy, an oxide, and a combination thereof.