Battery pack having an integrated circuit interfaced between battery cells and a microcontroller

• US 7,564,216 B2
• Filed: 04/09/2008
• Issued: 07/21/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 10/04/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Inventors: Carrier, David A., Brotto, Daniele C., Seman, Andrew E. Jr., Bradus, Robert, Howard, Geoffrey S., Trinh, Danh T., Vanko, John C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso; Edward
• Application Number:
  US12/082,107
• Publication Number:
  US 20080185995A1
• Time in Patent Office: 468 Days
• Field of Search: 320/107, 320/116, 320/117, 320/118, 320/119, 320/132, 320/148
• US Class Current: 320/116
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/441 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0014 Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A battery monitoring device of a battery pack configured for powering a cordless power tool may include an integrated circuit connected to a microprocessor of the pack that is external to the integrated circuit, and which is connected to each of N battery cells of the pack. The integrated circuit may be configured to take, singly or sequentially, a sampled reading comprising one of an individual cell voltage or a total pack voltage for all cells in the pack. The sampled reading is filtered in the integrated circuit prior to being read by the microprocessor.

Claims

1. A battery pack configured for powering a cordless power tool, comprising:

a plurality of serially-connected battery cells;

an integrated circuit connected to each of the battery cells and operable to periodically measure cell voltage across each cell in a sequential manner and configured to selectively discharge one or more of the battery cells as the battery pack is being charged; and

a microcontroller configured to receive cell voltage measurements from the integrated circuit and compare cell voltage measurements to a given threshold stored in a memory associated with the microcontroller.

2. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the microcontroller issues commands to sequentially and periodically measure individual cell voltages, compares the measured individual cell voltage values received from the integrated circuit to the given threshold as the pack is being charged, and selectively discharge those cells not satisfying the threshold.

3. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the threshold is an average cell voltage value for all cells that is determined from a total pack voltage measured by the integrated circuit, the average cell voltage value being stored and updated over the duration of charge in the microprocessor.

4. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein a given cell having a maximum differential voltage above the average cell voltage is discharged during the charge until its measured cell voltage has dropped to equal the average cell voltage.

5. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein any cells exceeding the average cell voltage are discharged during the charge until their respective measured cell voltage has dropped to equal the average cell voltage.

6. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the threshold is set as the highest voltage cell measured in a given cycle of measurements, and the microcontroller issues a command to the integrated circuit to discharge the highest voltage cell as evident from the given cycle of measurements.

7. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the integrated circuit includes a logic controller in communication with the microcontroller and configured to process a given serial data command received from the microcontroller for taking sampled readings from one or more of the battery cells or to direct selective discharging of one or more of the battery cells.

8. The battery pack of claim 7 wherein the integrated circuit is operatively connected to a corresponding channel of each cell in the battery pack, each channel having a channel input from its cell to the integrated circuit, and the integrated circuit further includes gate drive circuitry in communication with the logic controller for controlling one or more of a plurality of field-effect transistors (FETs), each FET corresponding to a given channel and operable to selectively discharge its corresponding cell, based on a given data command received from the microprocessor.

9. The battery pack of claim 7 wherein the integrated circuit is operatively connected to a corresponding channel of each cell in the battery pack, each channel having a channel input from its cell to the integrated circuit, and the integrated circuit further includes:

a switch matrix connected to each of the channels and in communication with the logic controller, and which is adapted to select given channels to output the sampled reading based on a control signal from the logic controller, and

a capacitor connected to the output of the switch matrix for storing the sampled reading, wherein the sampled reading is digitally filtered as the capacitor is being charged so that an average voltage value is stored in the capacitor, and wherein, after a controlled delay to allow the capacitor to charge, the average voltage value stored on the capacitor is output from the integrated circuit for reading by the microprocessor.

10. A battery pack configured for use with a cordless power tool, comprising:

a plurality of serially-connected battery cells;

an integrated circuit connected to each of the battery cells, the integrated circuit configured to periodically measure cell voltage across each cell in a sequential manner and to selectively discharge one or more of the battery cells as the battery pack is being charged; and

a microprocessor coupled via a serial communication interface to the integrated circuit, the microprocessor configured to receive cell voltage measurements via the serial communication interface from the integrated circuit and operable to issue commands via the serial communication interface to the integrated circuit to selectively discharge one or more of the battery cells as the battery pack is being charged.

11. The battery pack of claim 10 wherein the microprocessor issues commands to sequentially and periodically measure individual cell voltages.

12. The battery pack of claim 10 wherein the microcontroller compares the measured individual cell voltage values received from the integrated circuit to the given threshold as the pack is being charged, and selectively discharge those cells not satisfying a threshold.

13. The battery pack of claim 12 wherein the threshold is an average cell voltage value for all cells that is determined from a total pack voltage measured by the integrated circuit, the average cell voltage value being stored and updated over the duration of charge in the microprocessor.

14. The battery pack of claim 12 wherein a given cell having a maximum differential voltage above the average cell voltage is discharged during the charge until its measured cell voltage has dropped to equal the average cell voltage.

15. The battery pack of claim 12 wherein any cells exceeding the average cell voltage are discharged during the charge until their respective measured cell voltage has dropped to equal the average cell voltage.

16. The battery pack of claim 12 wherein the threshold is set as the highest voltage cell measured in a given cycle of measurements, and the microcontroller issues a command to the integrated circuit to discharge the highest voltage cell as evident from the given cycle of measurements.

17. The battery pack of claim 12 wherein the integrated circuit includes a logic controller in communication with the microcontroller and configured to process a given serial data command received from the microcontroller for taking sampled readings from one or more of the battery cells or to direct selective discharging of one or more of the battery cells.