Apparatus, system and method for making endurance of storage media

• US 7,568,075 B2
• Filed: 10/26/2005
• Issued: 07/28/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/22/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Fujibayashi, Akira, Nakamura, Shuji, Fujimoto, Kazuhisa
• Primary Examiner(s): KIM, HONG CHONG
• Application Number:
  US11/258,282
• Publication Number:
  US 20070067559A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,371 Days
• Field of Search: 711/103, 711/165, 711/156, 711/154, 711/112, 713/300, 713/320
• US Class Current: 711/154
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0613 in relation to throughput
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0616 in relation to life time, e.g. increasing Mean Time Between Failures [MTBF]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0625 Power saving in storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0631 by allocating resources to storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0649 Lifecycle management
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/067 Distributed or networked storage systems, e.g. storage area networks [SAN], network attached storage [NAS]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0685 Hybrid storage combining heterogeneous device types, e.g. hierarchical storage, hybrid arrays
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

A storage control apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of connecting units connected to one or more host computers and one or more hard disk drives as storage media for storing data, one or more non-volatile storage media which are of a different type from the hard disk drives and which store data WRITE requested from the host computer, a plurality of processing units for processing WRITE and READ requests from the host computer by using the hard disk drives or the non-volatile storage media and, a plurality of memory units for storing control information to be by the processing units.

Claims

1. A storage system comprising:

a plurality of hard disk drive (HDD) devices that store data received from a host computer;

a plurality of flash memory devices that store data received from the host computer; and

a processing unit that controls WRITE and READ requests received from the host computer to a plurality of logical volumes configured by at least one of the plurality of HDD devices or the plurality of flash memory devices,

wherein the processing unit manages a usage status management table that stores usage status information related to endurance of each of the plurality of flash memory devices, and endurance threshold values,

wherein the processing unit manages a read/write cycle management table that stores read cycles and write cycles for each of the plurality of logical volumes,

wherein the processing unit manages a device type management table that stores information of amount of power consumption per a certain time period of at least one type of HDD devices and a type of the flash memory device, and determines a total amount of power consumption of the plurality of HDD devices in operation and the plurality of flash memory devices in operation based on the device type management table, and

wherein, when the processing unit requests to optimize the total amount of power consumption or the endurance of the flash memory devices, the processing unit determines a first device as a source device and a second device as a destination device, which type is different from the first device, based on the usage status management table and the read/write cycle management table, and migrates data from the first device to the second device based on a priority of conditions including the power consumption and the endurance of the flash memory devices.

2. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein each flash memory device has less rewritable cycles than those of the HDD devices,

wherein the usage status management table includes cycles of rewriting as the usage status information for each flash memory device, and a threshold value for the cycles of rewriting as the endurance threshold value, and

wherein when the processing unit requests to optimize the endurance of the flash memory devices as higher priority, if the processing unit detects the usage status of cycles of rewriting one of the plurality of flash memory device exceeds the threshold value for the cycles of rewriting based on the usage status management table, the processing unit determines the flash memory device as the first device and one of the HDD devices of the plurality of HDD devices as the second device.

3. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein each HDD device has lower read/write response speed than that of each flash memory device,

wherein the usage status management table includes usage cycles of writing data or reading data as the usage status information of each flash memory device and a threshold value for the usage cycles of writing data or reading data as the endurance threshold value,

wherein when the processing unit requests to optimize the total amount of power consumption as higher priority, if the processing unit detects the usage status of usage cycles of writing data or reading data of one of the plurality of flash memory device does not exceed the threshold value for the usage cycles of writing data or reading data based on the usage status management table, the processing unit determines the flash memory device as the second device and one of the HDD devices of the plurality of HDD devices as the first device.

4. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein the usage status management table includes the number of faulty areas as the usage status information of each flash memory device, and a threshold value for the number of faulty areas as the endurance threshold value, and

wherein when the processing unit requests to optimize the endurance of the flash memory devices as higher priority, if the processing unit detects the usage status of the number of faulty areas of one of the plurality of flash memory device exceeds the threshold value for the number of faulty areas based on the usage status management table, the processing unit determines the flash memory device as the first device and one of the HDD devices of the plurality of HDD devices as the second device.

5. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein, if the second device is one of the flash memory devices, the processing unit secures a certain area on the HDD device as a temporary storage area and copies the data to be migrated, part by part in succession, to the temporary storage area on the HDD device, and

wherein when receiving a READ request for part of the data from the host computer during the data migration operation, the processing unit resends corresponding data stored in the HDD device of the first device to the host computer, and asynchronously processes the data migration, part by part in succession, to the flash memory device of the second device.

6. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein, if the second device is one of the flash memory devices, the processing unit secures a certain area on the HDD device as a temporary storage area and copies the data to be migrated, part by part in succession, to the temporary storage area on the HDD device, and

wherein when the processing unit receives a READ request for part of the data from the host computer during the data migration operation, and if previously presented data corresponding to the part of the data is already stored in the flash memory device of the second device by another WRITE request from the host computer, the processing unit resends the previously presented data from the flash memory device of the second device to the host computer.

7. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein, if the second device is one of the flash memory devices, the processing unit secures a certain area on the HDD device as a temporary storage area, and

wherein when the processing unit receives a WRITE request for part of the data from the host computer, the processing unit stores previously presented data corresponding to the part of the data stored in the temporary area on the temporary storage area, and the processing unit reflects the previously presented data on the flash memory device of the second device after the migration of the data is completed.

8. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein, the usage status management table includes the number of times of erase operation errors as the usage status information on the usage status for each flash memory device, and a threshold value for the number of times of erase operation errors as the endurance threshold value, and

wherein when the processing unit requests to optimize the endurance of the flash memory devices as higher priority, if the processing unit detects the usage status of the number of times of erase operation errors of one of the plurality of flash memory device exceeds the threshold value for the number of times of erase operation errors based on the usage status management table, the processing unit determines the flash memory device as the first device and one of the HDD devices of the plurality of HDD devices as the second device.

9. The storage system according to claim 1

wherein the usage status management table includes average erase time as the usage status information for each flash memory device, and a threshold value for the average erase time as the threshold value, and

wherein when the processing unit requests to optimize the endurance of the flash memory devices as higher priority, if the processing unit detects the usage status of the average erase time of one of the plurality of flash memory device exceeds the threshold value for the average erase time based on the usage status management table, the processing unit determines the flash memory device as the first device and one of the HDD devices of the plurality of HDD devices as the second device.

10. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein, when the processing unit requests to optimize the total amount of power consumption as higher priority, if the processing unit detects a first logical volume configured by the HDD device in which the read cycles to the write cycles ration exceeds a predetermined threshold based on the read/write cycle management table, the processing unit determines the HDD device as the first device and one of the flash memory devices of the plurality of flash memory devices as the second device.

11. The storage system according to claim 10,

wherein if there is no free capacity of the flash memory device, the processing unit generates free capacity for a certain flash memory device of the plurality of flash memory devices by migrating data from the certain flash memory device to one of the HDD devices within a range of a condition in the higher priority of the total amount of power consumption.

12. The storage system according to claim 10,

wherein if there is no free capacity of the flash memory device, and there is no flash memory devices which meets the condition of the endurance of the flash memory devices based on the usage status management table, the processing unit determines not to migrate data from the first device to the second device based on a priority of conditions including the power consumption and the endurance of the flash memory devices.

13. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein, when the processing unit requests to optimize the endurance of the flash memory devices as higher priority, if the processing unit detects the usage status of one of the plurality of flash memory device exceeds the endurance threshold based on the usage status management table, the processing unit determines the flash memory device as the first device and one of the HDD devices of the plurality of HDD devices as the second device.

14. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein the processing unit manages the usage status management table stores a usage status information related to endurance of each of the plurality of HDD devices and endurance threshold values, if the type of plurality of HDD devices is ATA disk.

15. The storage system according to claim 1,

wherein the processing unit requests to optimize the total amount of power consumption or the endurance of the flash memory devices periodically, by receiving READ/WRITE requests from the host computer, or by receiving a direction from the host computer to specify a certain logical volume as WORM.