Variable battery refresh charging cycles

• US 7,570,022 B2
• Filed: 02/09/2005
• Issued: 08/04/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations Incorporated (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Inventors: Zettel, Andrew M., Frisch, Damon R., Koch, Brian J., Tamai, Goro, Jeffers, Mary A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ullah; Akm E
• Assistant Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, ARUN C
• Application Number:
  US11/054,241
• Publication Number:
  US 20060176024A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,637 Days
• Field of Search: 320/104, 320/131, 320/132, 320/133, 320/134, 320/149, 320/155, 320/163, 320/DIG.21, 324/427, 324/428, 324/432
• US Class Current: 320/132
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0069 Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/14 for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A refresh control system that selectively initiates a refresh charge cycle includes an energy storage device and an electric machine that is operable to charge the energy storage device. A control module monitors a usage period of the energy storage device and determines a bias factor. The control module determines a modified usage period threshold based on a usage period threshold and the bias factor. The control module regulates the electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of the energy storage device when the usage period exceeds the modified usage period threshold.

Claims

1. A refresh control system to selectively initiate a refresh charge cycle of an energy storage device, comprising:

a bias factor module that determines a bias factor; and

a usage period module that monitors a usage period of said energy storage device, that determines a modified usage period threshold based on a usage period threshold and said bias factor and that initiates said refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said usage period exceeds said modified usage period threshold.

2. The refresh control system of claim 1 further comprising a depth of discharge (DOD) bias factor module that determines a DOD bias factor, wherein said bias factor is determined based on said DOD bias factor.

3. The refresh control system of claim 2 wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on a current of said energy storage device.

4. The refresh control system of claim 2 wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on a voltage of said energy storage device.

5. The refresh control system of claim 1 further comprising a temperature bias factor module that determines a temperature bias factor, wherein said bias factor is determined based on said temperature bias factor.

6. The refresh control system of claim 5 wherein said temperature bias factor is determined from a look-up table based on said temperature.

7. The refresh control system of claim 6 wherein said temperature is an average temperature that is determined over said usage period.

8. The refresh control system of claim 1 wherein said usage module monitors a rest time of said energy storage device and initiates said refresh charge cycle when said rest time exceeds a threshold rest time.

9. A refresh control system to selectively initiate a refresh charge cycle, comprising:

an energy storage device;

an electric machine that is operable to charge said energy storage device; and

a control module that monitors a usage period of said energy storage device, that determines a bias factor, that determines a modified usage threshold based on a usage threshold and said bias factor and that regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when a usage period exceeds said modified usage threshold.

10. The refresh control system of claim 9 wherein said bias factor includes a temperature bias factor.

11. The refresh control system of claim 10 further comprising a temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of said energy storage device, wherein said temperature bias factor is determined based on said temperature.

12. The refresh control system of claim 11 wherein said temperature bias factor is determined from a look-up table based on said temperature.

13. The refresh control system of claim 11 wherein said temperature is an average temperature that is determined over said usage period.

14. The refresh control system of claim 9 wherein said bias factor includes a depth of discharge (DOD) bias factor.

15. The refresh control system of claim 14 further comprising a current sensor that monitors a current of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said current.

16. The refresh control system of claim 14 further comprising a voltage sensor that monitors a voltage of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said voltage.

17. The refresh control system of claim 9 wherein said control module monitors a rest time of said energy storage device and regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said rest time exceeds a threshold rest time.

18. The refresh control system of claim 9 wherein said control module regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said usage period exceeds said modified usage threshold, a state of charge (SOC) of said energy storage device is above an SOC threshold and a current of said energy storage device is below a current threshold.

19. The refresh control system of claim 9 further comprising an engine that selectively drives said electric machine, wherein said control module regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said usage period exceeds said modified usage threshold and said engine is on.

20. The refresh control system of claim 9 wherein said usage period includes an amp-hour count and said modified usage threshold includes a modified amp-hour count.

21. A method of initiating a refresh charge cycle of an energy storage device, comprising:

monitoring a usage period of said energy storage device;

determining a bias factor;

determining a modified usage threshold based on a usage threshold and said bias factor; and

regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said usage period exceeds said modified usage threshold.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said bias factor includes a temperature bias factor.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising monitoring a temperature of said energy storage device, wherein said temperature bias factor is determined based on said temperature.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising determining said temperature bias factor from a look-up table based on said temperature.

25. The method of claim 23 wherein said temperature is an average temperature that is determined over said usage period.

26. The method of claim 21 wherein said bias factor includes a depth of discharge (DOD) bias factor.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising monitoring a current of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said current.

28. The method of claim 26 further comprising monitoring a voltage of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said voltage.

29. The method of claim 21 further comprising monitoring a rest time of said energy storage device and regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said rest time exceeds a threshold rest time.

30. The method of claim 21 further comprising regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said usage period exceeds said modified usage threshold, a state of charge (SOC) of said energy storage device is above an SOC threshold and a current of said energy storage device is below a current threshold.

31. The method of claim 21 further comprising regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said usage period exceeds said modified usage threshold and when an engine that drives said electric machine is on.

32. The method of claim 21 wherein said usage period includes an amp-hour count and said modified usage threshold includes a modified amp-hour count.

33. A method of initiating a refresh charge cycle of an energy storage device, comprising:

monitoring an amp-hour count of said energy storage device;

determining a total bias factor based on a plurality of bias factors;

determining a modified amp-hour threshold based on an amp-hour threshold and said total bias factor; and

regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when an amp-hour count exceeds said modified amp-hour threshold.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein said plurality of bias factors include a temperature bias factor.

35. The method of claim 34 further comprising monitoring a temperature of said energy storage device, wherein said temperature bias factor is determined based on said temperature.

36. The method of claim 35 further comprising determining said temperature bias factor from a look-up table based on said temperature.

37. The method of claim 35 wherein said temperature is an average temperature that is determined over said usage period.

38. The method of claim 33 wherein said plurality of bias factors include a depth of discharge (DOD) bias factor.

39. The method of claim 38 further comprising monitoring a current of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said current.

40. The method of claim 38 further comprising monitoring a voltage of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said voltage.

41. The method of claim 33 further comprising monitoring a rest time of said energy storage device and regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said rest time exceeds a threshold rest time.

42. The method of claim 33 further comprising regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said amp-hour count exceeds said amp-hour threshold, a state of charge (SOC) of said energy storage device is above an SOC threshold and a current of said energy storage device is below a current threshold.

43. The method of claim 33 further comprising regulating said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said amp-hour count exceeds said amp-hour threshold and when an engine that drives said electric machine is on.

44. A refresh control system to selectively initiate a refresh charge cycle, comprising:

an engine;

an electric machine that is selectively driven by said engine;

an energy storage device that is charged based on energy generated by said electric machine; and

a control module that monitors an amp-hour count of said energy storage device, that determines a total bias factor based on a plurality of bias factors, that determines a modified amp-hour threshold based on an amp-hour threshold and said plurality of bias factors and that regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when an amp-hour count exceeds said modified amp-hour threshold.

45. The refresh control system of claim 44 wherein said plurality of bias factors include a temperature bias factor.

46. The refresh control system of claim 44 further comprising a temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of said energy storage device, wherein said temperature bias factor is determined based on said temperature.

47. The refresh control system of claim 46 wherein said temperature bias factor is determined from a look-up table based on said temperature.

48. The refresh control system of claim 46 wherein said temperature is an average temperature that is determined over said usage period.

49. The refresh control system of claim 46 wherein said plurality of bias factors include a depth of discharge (DOD) bias factor.

50. The refresh control system of claim 49 further comprising a current sensor that monitors a current of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said current.

51. The refresh control system of claim 49 further comprising a voltage sensor that monitors a voltage of said energy storage device, wherein said DOD bias factor is determined based on said voltage.

52. The refresh control system of claim 46 wherein said control module monitors a rest time of said energy storage device and regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said rest time exceeds a threshold rest time.

53. The refresh control system of claim 44 wherein said control module regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said amp-hour count exceeds said modified amp-hour threshold, a state of charge (SOC) of said energy storage device is above an SOC threshold and a current of said energy storage device is below a current threshold.

54. The refresh control system of claim 44 further comprising an engine that selectively drives said electric machine, wherein said control module regulates said electric machine to initiate a refresh charge cycle of said energy storage device when said amp-hour count exceeds said modified amp-hour threshold and said engine is on.