Document data retrieval and reporting

• US 7,571,383 B2
• Filed: 07/13/2005
• Issued: 08/04/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 07/13/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Takuma, Daisuke, Nomiyama, Hiroshi
• Primary Examiner(s): Bashore; William L
• Assistant Examiner(s): ZAHR, ASHRAF A
• Application Number:
  US11/180,328
• Publication Number:
  US 20060015486A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,483 Days
• Field of Search: 707/3, 715/260
• US Class Current: 715/260
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/33 Querying
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99933 Query processing, i.e. searching
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99934 Query formulation, input preparation, or translation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99935 Query augmenting and refining, e.g. inexact access

Abstract

Enables retrieving document data appropriately reflecting content of a retrieval statement and detecting problems in sequentially added document data. A retrieval system retrieves document data having content specified by an inputted retrieval statement among a plurality of document data, including: document database storing the plurality of document data, concept database storing a plurality of concepts using a hierarchical structure; document data concept extraction extracting document concepts based on keywords contained in respective document data, the concepts being concepts corresponding to the document data; retrieval statement concept extraction extracting a retrieval statement concept based on a keyword contained in the retrieval statement; a concept retrieving section retrieving concepts wherein the retrieval statement concept is a higher or lower layer of the document concept among the plurality of document data, retrieval result output section outputting document data retrieved, as the document data containing content specified by the retrieval statement.

Claims

1. A retrieval system for retrieving document data which have a content specified by an inputted retrieval statement among a plurality of document data, the system comprising:

a storage device comprising;

a document database that stores the plurality of document data;

a concept database that stores a plurality of pre-specified concepts using a hierarchical structure in which a first concept including a second concept is a higher layer of the second concept;

a concept extraction rule database that stores concept extraction rules comprising sets of one or more of the keywords and concepts indicating meanings of the one or more keywords,

a processor configured for;

extracting document concepts on the basis of keywords contained in the respective document data, the document concepts being the concepts corresponding to the document data;

extracting a retrieval statement concept on the basis of a keyword contained in the retrieval statement, the retrieval statement concept being the concept corresponding to said retrieval statement;

retrieving document data in which the retrieval statement concept is a higher or lower layer of a document concept among the plurality of document data;

outputting document data retrieved by a concept retrieving section, as the document data containing the content specified by the retrieval statement;

wherein the processor extracts the concept contained in the concept extraction rule as the retrieval statement concept if said retrieval statement comprises the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules,

wherein the processor extracts the concept contained in the concept extraction rule and uses said concept as the document concept if said document data include the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules, and

wherein the retrieval system further comprises;

a retrieval index database that stores, for each of the document data, an association between the document data and the document concept of the document data extracted by the document data concept extracting section, wherein the concept retrieving section outputs said document data corresponding to the document concept of said document concept stored in the retrieval index database before the retrieval statement is inputted;

information storage space storing a synonym database that stores an association between a predetermined word or phrase and the keyword that is a synonym of the word or phrase;

a processor configured to perform data normalizing section that normalizes the document data by replacing the word or phrase contained in each of said document data with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase; and

information storage space storing a retrieval statement normalizing section that normalizes the retrieval statement by replacing the word or phrase contained in said retrieval statement with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase,

wherein the processor extracts the document concept from the normalized document data, and the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept from the normalized retrieval statement;

wherein the processor is configured to;

acquire a retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher-layer concept of said retrieval statement concept if the retrieval statement concept does not match the document concept; and

output the document data as a retrieval result if the retrieval statement higher concept matches the document concept;

wherein;

the concept database stores each of said plurality of concepts as a node of the first or second hierarchical structure,

the processor extracts the first document concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second document concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the document data,

the processor extracts the retrieval statement concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second retrieval statement concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the retrieval statement,

the processor acquires the first retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept if the first retrieval statement concept does not match the first document concept and if the second retrieval statement concept does not match the second document concept, and

the processor outputs the first document data as a retrieval result if the number of the first document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept is smaller than that of the second document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept, or

wherein the processor is configured to replace the retrieval statement concept with the retrieval statement lower concept;

if all the document data having the document concept that is the same as the retrieval statement concept have the document concept that is the same as a retrieval statement lower concept that is a lower layer of the retrieval statement concept; and

outputting the document data in which the retrieval statement lower concept matches the document concept, as a retrieval unit; and

wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts that identify a plurality of defects in a product,

the document database stores the document data indicating contents of each of the plurality of defects,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept corresponding to the retrieval statement used to retrieve said defects in the product, and

the processor outputs the document data retrieved, as said document data indicating the contents of the defects in the product inputted by a user;

or

wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts in a lower layer of the concept indicating that there are defects in components of the product, using a hierarchical structure in which the concepts indicating states of the defects in the components are provided,

the document data concept extracting section extracts the document concept indicating that there is a defect in one of the components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the state of the defect in the one of said components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement, and

wherein the concept retrieving section comprises;

a higher concept acquiring section that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is the concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of said components, the concept being a higher layer of the retrieval statement concept; and

a generalized concept outputting section that outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of the components, the document concept matching the retrieval statement higher concept; and

further comprising a component database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the components of the product,

wherein;

the processor further extracts the document concept indicating the component described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the processor further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the component described in the retrieval statement concept extracting section, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the processor acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the component, and

the processor outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher layer;

or

a product database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the names of a plurality of the products,

wherein the document data concept extracting section further extracts the document concept indicating the product name described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in said document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the product name described in the retrieval statement concept extracting section, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring section acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the product name, and

the generalized concept outputting section outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher layer.

2. The retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein said document data concept extracting section extracts said concept contained in the concept extraction rule and uses the concept as said document concept if said document data include said one or more keywords contained in any of said concept extraction rules.

3. The retrieval system according to claim 1, further comprising a retrieval index database that stores, for each of said document data, an association between the document data and said document concept of the document data extracted by said document data concept extracting section, wherein said concept retrieving section outputs said document data corresponding to the document concept as a retrieval result if said retrieval statement concept is a higher- or lower-layer concept of said document concept stored in said retrieval index database before said retrieval statement is inputted.

4. The retrieval system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a synonym database that stores an association between a predetermined word or phrase and said keyword that is a synonym of the word or phrase;

a document data normalizing section that normalizes the document data by replacing said word or phrase contained in each of said document data with said keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase; and

a retrieval statement normalizing section that normalizes said retrieval statement by replacing said word or phrase contained in said retrieval statement with said keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase, wherein said document data concept extracting section extracts said document concept from said normalized document data, and said retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts said retrieval statement concept from said normalized retrieval statement.

5. The retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein said concept retrieving section comprises:

a higher concept acquiring section that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher-layer concept of said retrieval statement concept if said retrieval statement concept does not match said document concept; and

a generalized concept output section that outputs the document data as a retrieval result if said retrieval statement higher concept matches said document concept.

6. The retrieval system according to claim 5, wherein said concept database stores each of said plurality of concepts as a node of said first or second hierarchical structure, said document data concept extracting section extracts said first document concept belonging to said first hierarchical structure and said second document concept belonging to said second hierarchical structure in association with said document data, said retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts said retrieval statement concept belonging to said first hierarchical structure and said second retrieval statement concept belonging to said second hierarchical structure in association with said retrieval statement, said higher concept acquiring section acquires said first retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of said first retrieval statement concept and said second retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of said second retrieval statement concept if said first retrieval statement concept does not match said first document concept and if said second retrieval statement concept does not match said second document concept, and said generalized concept output section outputs said first document data as a retrieval result if the number of said first document data in which said first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as said second retrieval statement concept and in which said first document concept is the same as said second document concept is smaller than that of said second document data in which said first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as said second retrieval statement concept and in which said first document concept is the same as said second document concept.

7. The retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein said concept retrieving section comprises:

a lower concept acquiring section that, if all said document data having said document concept that is the same as said retrieval statement concept have said document concept that is the same as a retrieval statement lower concept that is a lower layer of said retrieval statement concept, replaces said retrieval statement concept with the retrieval statement lower concept; and

a specialized concept output section that outputs said document data in which said retrieval statement lower concept matches said document concept, as a retrieval result.

8. The retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein:

said concept database stores said plurality of concepts that identify a plurality of defects in a product, said document database stores said document data indicating contents of each of said defects, said retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts said retrieval statement concept and corresponding to said retrieval statement used to retrieve said defects in said product, and said retrieval result outputting section outputs said document data retrieved by said concept retrieving section, as said document data indicating the contents of said defects in said product inputted by said user.

9. The retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein:

said concept database stores said plurality of concepts in a lower layer of said concept indicating that there are defects in components of the said product, using a hierarchical structure in which said concepts indicating states of the defects in the components are provided, said document data concept extracting section extracts said document concept indicating that there is a defect in one of said components, on the basis of the keyword contained in said document data, said retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts said retrieval statement concept indicating the state of the defect in said one of said components, on the basis of the keyword contained in said retrieval statement, and said concept retrieving section comprises;

a higher concept acquiring section that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is said concept indicating that there is the defect in said one of said components, the concept being a higher layer of said retrieval statement concept; and

a generalized concept outputting section that outputs, as a retrieval result, said document data having said document concept indicating that there is the defect in said one of said components, the document concept matching said retrieval statement higher concept.

10. The retrieval system according to claim 9, further comprising a component database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the components of said product, wherein said document data concept extracting section further extracts said document concept indicating said component described in said document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in said document data, said retrieval statement concept extracting section further extracts said retrieval statement concept indicating said component described in said retrieval statement concept extracting section, on the basis of the keyword contained in said retrieval statement, said higher concept acquiring section acquires said concept that is a higher layer of said first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in said component or a state of the defect in said component, and said concept that is a higher layer of said second retrieval statement concept indicating said component, and said generalized concept outputting section outputs, as a retrieval result, said document data having said document concept that matches said first retrieval statement concept and said document concept that matches said second retrieval statement concept if at least one of said first retrieval statement concept and said second retrieval statement concept is said concept in the higher layer.

11. The retrieval system according to claim 9, further comprising a product database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the names of a plurality of said products, wherein said document data concept extracting section further extracts said document concept indicating said product name described in said document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in said document data, said retrieval statement concept extracting section further extracts said retrieval statement concept indicating said product name described in said retrieval statement concept extracting section, on the basis of the keyword contained in said retrieval statement, said higher concept acquiring section acquires said concept that is a higher layer of said first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in said component or a state of the defect in said component, and said concept that is a higher layer of said second retrieval statement concept indicating said product name, and said generalized concept outputting section outputs, as a retrieval result, said document data having said document concept that matches said first retrieval statement concept and said document concept that matches said second retrieval statement concept if at least one of said first retrieval statement concept and said second retrieval statement concept is said concept in the higher layer.

12. A computer program product comprising a computer usable storage medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing functions of a retrieval system, the computer readable program code means in said computer program product comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the functions of claim 1.

13. A reporting system tangibly embodied on a computer readable media, comprising:

a document database that sequentially stores inputted document data;

a concept database that stores a plurality of pre-specified concepts using a hierarchical structure in which a first concept including a second concept is a higher layer of the second concept;

a document data concept extracting section that extracts document concepts on the basis of keywords contained in said respective document data, the document concepts being said concepts corresponding to the document data;

a concept ratio calculating section that calculates a ratio of the number of said document data corresponding to each of said concepts to the number of said document data in said document database;

a relative frequency calculating section that calculates a relative frequency indicating the magnitude of the ratio calculated by said concept ratio calculating section with respect to a reference ratio corresponding to each of said concepts;

a frequent concept selecting section that selects said concepts in which said relative frequency is at least a pre-specified threshold among said plurality of concepts;

a preferred concept selecting section that selects one of a first concept selected by said frequent concept selection section and a second concept corresponding to a higher layer of said first concept, on the basis of the relative frequencies of said first and second concepts;

a reporting section that reports to a user that said concept of said first concept or said second concept selected by said preferred concept selecting section has a higher relative frequency; and

a concept extraction rule database that stores concept extraction rules comprising sets of one or more of the keywords and the concept indicating meanings of the one or more keywords,

wherein the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the concept contained in the concept extraction rule as the retrieval statement concept if said retrieval statement comprises the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules,

wherein the document data concept extracting section extracts the concept contained in the concept extraction rule and uses said concept as the document concept if said document data include the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules, and

wherein the retrieval system further comprises;

a retrieval index database that stores, for each of the document data, an association between the document data and the document concept of the document data extracted by the document data concept extracting section, wherein the concept retrieving section outputs said document data corresponding to the document concept of said document concept stored in the retrieval index database before the retrieval statement is inputted;

a synonym database that stores an association between a predetermined word or phrase and the keyword that is a synonym of the word or phrase;

a document data normalizing section that normalizes the document data by replacing the word or phrase contained in each of said document data with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase; and

a retrieval statement normalizing section that normalizes the retrieval statement by replacing the word or phrase contained in said retrieval statement with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase,

wherein the document data concept extracting section extracts the document concept from the normalized document data, and the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept from the normalized retrieval statement;

wherein the concept retrieving section comprises;

a higher concept acquiring section that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher-layer concept of said retrieval statement concept if the retrieval statement concept does not match the document concept; and

a generalized concept output section that outputs the document data as a retrieval result if the retrieval statement higher concept matches the document concept;

wherein;

the concept database stores each of said plurality of concepts as a node of the first or second hierarchical structure,

the document data concept extracting section extracts the first document concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second document concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second retrieval statement concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring section acquires the first retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept if the first retrieval statement concept does not match the first document concept and if the second retrieval statement concept does not match the second document concept, and

the generalized concept output section outputs the first document data as a retrieval result if the number of the first document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept is smaller than that of the second document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept, or

wherein the concept retrieving section comprises;

a lower concept acquiring section that, if all the document data having the document concept that is the same as the retrieval statement concept have the document concept that is the same as a retrieval statement lower concept that is a lower layer of the retrieval statement concept, replaces the retrieval statement concept with the retrieval statement lower concept and

a specialized concept output section that outputs the document data in which the retrieval statement lower concept matches the document concept, as a retrieval unit and

wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts that identify a plurality of defects in a product,

the document database stores the document data indicating contents of each of the plurality of defects,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept corresponding to the retrieval statement used to retrieve said defects in the product, and

the retrieval result outputting section outputs the document data retrieved by the concept retrieving section, as said document data indicating the contents of the defects in the product inputted by a user;

or

wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts in a lower layer of the concept indicating that there are defects in components of the product, using a hierarchical structure in which the concepts indicating states of the defects in the components are provided,

the document data concept extracting section extracts the document concept indicating that there is a defect in one of the components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the state of the defect in the one of said components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement, and

wherein the concept retrieving section comprises;

a higher concept acquiring section that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is the concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of said components, the concept being a higher layer of the retrieval statement concept; and

a generalized concept outputting section that outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of the components, the document concept matching the retrieval statement higher concept; and

further comprising a component database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the components of the product,

wherein;

the document data concept extracting section further extracts the document concept indicating the component described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the component described in the retrieval statement concept extracting section, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring section acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the component, and

the generalized concept outputting section outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher laver;

or

a product database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the names of a plurality of the products,

wherein the document data concept extracting section further extracts the document concept indicating the product name described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in said document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the product name described in the retrieval statement concept extracting section, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring section acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the product name, and

the generalized concept outputting section outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher layer.

14. The reporting system according to claim 13, wherein said document database stores document data indicating the contents of defects in each of a plurality of products,

said concept database stores said plurality of concepts identifying a plurality of defects in the products,

said document data concept extracting section extracts the document concepts that are said concepts corresponding to the document data, on the basis of the keywords contained in said respective document data, and

said concept ratio calculating section comprises:

an all-product concept ratio calculating section that calculates, for said plurality of products, a ratio between the number of said document data and the number of said document data corresponding to said respective concepts; and

a particular-product concept ratio calculating section that calculates a ratio between the number of said document data for at least one of said products and the number of said document data for the products corresponding to said respective concepts, said relative frequency calculating section calculates said relative frequency indicating the magnitude of ratio between the ratio calculated by said all-product concept ratio calculating section and the ratio calculated by said particular-product concept ratio calculating section, said frequent concept selecting section selects one of said plurality of concepts for which said relative frequency for said at least one product is at least said pre-specified threshold, said preferred concept selecting section selects one of said first concept selected by said frequent concept selecting section and said second concept corresponding to the higher layer of said first concept, on the basis of the relative frequencies of said first and second concepts, and said reporting section that reports to a user of the retrieval system that a defect corresponding to said first or second concept selected by said preferred concept selecting section has frequently occurred in said at least one product.

15. The reporting system according to claim 13, wherein said preferred concept selecting section selects said first concept if the relative frequency of said first concept is higher than the relative frequency of said second concept by at least a pre-specified rate, and selects said second concept if the relative frequency of said first concept is not higher than the relative frequency of said second concept by at least said pre-specified rate.

16. The reporting system according to claim 13, wherein said concept database stores concept database stores each of said plurality of concepts as a node of said first or second hierarchical structure, said document data concept extracting section extracts said first document concept belonging to said first hierarchical structure and said second document concept belonging to said second hierarchical structure in association with said document data, said concept ratio calculating section calculates a first ratio between the number of said document data in said document database and the number of said document data corresponding to said concepts in said first hierarchical structure, a second ratio between the number of said document data in said document database and the number of said document data corresponding to said concepts in said second hierarchical structure, and a third ratio between the number of said document data in said document database and the number of said document data corresponding to a combination of said concepts in said first hierarchical structure and said concepts in said second hierarchical structure, said relative frequency calculating section calculates a first relative frequency indicating the magnitude of said first ratio with respect to a reference ratio corresponding to said concepts in said first hierarchical structure, a second relative frequency indicating the magnitude of said second ratio with respect to a reference ratio corresponding to said concepts in said second hierarchical structure, and a third relative frequency indicating the magnitude of said third ratio with respect to a reference ratio corresponding to a combination of said concepts in said first hierarchical structure and said concepts in said second hierarchical structure, said frequent concept selecting section selects, from the combination of said concepts in said first hierarchical structure and said concepts in said second hierarchical structure, a set of a third concept in said first hierarchical structure and a fourth concept in said second hierarchical structure for which said relative frequency is at least said threshold, the reporting system further comprises a reference frequency calculating section that finds a calculated value for said third relative frequency which is obtained if said third concept and fourth concept are independent events, on the basis of said first relative frequency for said third concept and said second relative frequency for said fourth concept, said preferred concept selecting section selects the combination of said third concept and said fourth concept if said third relative frequency is higher than the calculated value for said third relative frequency by at least a pre-specified rate, the calculated value being obtained if said third concept and fourth concept are independent events, the preferred concept selecting section selecting said third concept if said third relative frequency is not higher than the calculated value for said third relative frequency by at least said pre-specified rate, and said reporting section reports to the user that the combination of said third concept and said fourth concept selected by said preferred concept selecting section, or said third concept has an increased relative frequency.

17. A computer program product comprising a computer usable storage medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing functions of a reporting system, the computer readable program code means in said computer program product comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the functions of claim 13.

18. A retrieval method executed by a retrieval system for retrieving document data having a content specified by an inputted retrieval statement from a plurality of document data, the method comprising:

storing in a storage device said plurality of document data;

storing in the storage device a plurality of pre-specified concepts using a hierarchical structure in which a first concept including a second concept is a higher layer of the second concept;

using a processor for extracting document concepts on the basis of keywords contained in the respective document data, the document concepts being concepts corresponding to the document data;

using the processor for extracting a retrieval statement concept on the basis of a keyword contained in the retrieval statement, the retrieval statement concept being the concept corresponding to said retrieval statement;

using the processor for retrieving document data in which the retrieval statement concept is a higher or lower layer of the document concept among said plurality of document data;

using the processor for outputting the document data retrieved by the concept retrieving section, as said document data containing the content specified by the retrieval statement; and

storing in the storage device concept extraction rules comprising sets of one or more of the keywords and the concept indicating meanings of the one or more keywords,

the concept contained in the concept extraction rule as the retrieval statement concept if said retrieval statement comprises the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules,

extracting the concept contained in the concept extraction rule and using said concept as the document concept if said document data include the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules, and

wherein the method further comprises;

storing in the storage device, for each of the document data, an association between the document data and the document concept of the document data extracted by the document data concept extracting section, outputting said document data corresponding to the document concept of said document concept stored in the retrieval index database before the retrieval statement is inputted;

using a synonym database for storing an association between a predetermined word or phrase and the keyword that is a synonym of the word or phrase;

using a document data normalizing section for normalizing the document data by replacing the word or phrase contained in each of said document data with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase; and

using a retrieval statement normalizing section that normalizes the retrieval statement by replacing the word or phrase contained in said retrieval statement with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase,

wherein the document data concept extracting step extracts the document concept from the normalized document data, and the retrieval statement concept extracting section extracts the retrieval statement concept from the normalized retrieval statement

wherein the concept retrieving step comprises;

a higher concept acquiring step that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher-layer concept of said retrieval statement concept if the retrieval statement concept does not match the document concept and

a generalized concept output step that outputs the document data as a retrieval result if the retrieval statement higher concept matches the document concept;

wherein;

the concept database stores each of said plurality of concepts as a node of the first or second hierarchical structure,

the document data concept extracting step extracts the first document concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second document concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step extracts the retrieval statement concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second retrieval statement concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring step acquires the first retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept if the first retrieval statement concept does not match the first document concept and if the second retrieval statement concept does not match the second document concept, and

the generalized concept output step outputs the first document data as a retrieval result if the number of the first document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept is smaller than that of the second document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept, or

wherein the concept retrieving step comprises;

a lower concept acquiring step that, if all the document data having the document concept that is the same as the retrieval statement concept have the document concept that is the same as a retrieval statement lower concept that is a lower layer of the retrieval statement concept, replaces the retrieval statement concept with the retrieval statement lower concept and

a specialized concept output step that outputs the document data in which the retrieval statement lower concept matches the document concept, as a retrieval unit and

wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts that identify a plurality of defects in a product,

the document database stores the document data indicating contents of each of the plurality of defects,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step extracts the retrieval statement concept corresponding to the retrieval statement used to retrieve said defects in the product, and

the retrieval result outputting step outputs the document data retrieved by the concept retrieving section, as said document data indicating the contents of the defects in the product inputted by a user;

or

wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts in a lower layer of the concept indicating that there are defects in components of the product, using a hierarchical structure in which the concepts indicating states of the defects in the components are provided,

the document data concept extracting step extracts the document concept indicating that there is a defect in one of the components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the state of the defect in the one of said components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement, and

wherein the concept retrieving step comprises;

a higher concept acquiring step that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is the concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of said components, the concept being a higher layer of the retrieval statement concept and

a generalized concept outputting step that outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of the components, the document concept matching the retrieval statement higher concept and further comprising a component database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the components of the product,

wherein;

the document data concept extracting step further extracts the document concept indicating the component described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the component described in the retrieval statement concept extracting step, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring step acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the component, and

the generalized concept outputting step outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher layer;

or

a product database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the names of a plurality of the products,

wherein the document data concept extracting section further extracts the document concept indicating the product name described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in said document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting section further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the product name described in the retrieval statement concept extracting step, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring step acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the product name, and

the generalized concept outputting step outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher layer.

19. An article of manufacture comprising a computer usable storage medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing retrieval, the computer readable program code means in said article of manufacture comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 18.

21. An article of manufacture comprising a computer usable storage medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing reporting, the computer readable program code means in said article of manufacture comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 18.

20. A reporting method tangibly embodied on computer readable storage media in a reporting system to which a plurality of document data is sequentially inputted, the method comprising:

a document database storing step of sequentially storing inputted document data;

a concept database storing step of storing a plurality of pre-specified concepts using a hierarchical structure in which a first concept including a second concept is a higher layer of the second concept;

a document data concept extracting step of extracting document concepts on the basis of keywords contained in said respective document data, the document concepts being said concepts corresponding to the document data;

a concept ratio calculating step of calculating a ratio of the number of said document data corresponding to each of said concepts to the number of said document data stored in said document database storing step;

a relative frequency calculating step of calculating a relative frequency indicating the magnitude of the ratio calculated in said concept ratio calculating step with respect to a reference ratio corresponding to each of said concepts;

a frequent concept selecting step of selecting said concepts in which said relative frequency is at least a pre-specified threshold among said plurality of concepts;

a preferred concept selecting step of selecting one of a first concept selected by said frequent concept selection section and a second concept corresponding to a higher layer of said first concept, on the basis of the relative frequencies of said first and second concepts;

a reporting step of reporting to a user that said concept of said first concept or said second concept selected by said preferred concept selecting section has a higher relative frequency; and

storing concept extraction rules comprising sets of one or more of the keywords and the concept indicating meanings of the one or more keywords,

wherein the retrieval statement concept extracting step extracts the concept contained in the concept extraction rule as the retrieval statement concept if said retrieval statement comprises the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules,

wherein the document data concept extracting step extracts the concept contained in the concept extraction rule and uses said concept as the document concept if said document data include the one or more keywords contained in any of the concept extraction rules, and

wherein the retrieval method further comprises;

a retrieval index database step for storing, for each of the document data, an association between the document data and the document concept of the document data extracted by the document data concept extracting section, wherein the concept retrieving section outputs said document data corresponding to the document concept of said document concept stored in the retrieval index database before the retrieval statement is inputted;

a synonym database step that stores an association between a predetermined word or phrase and the keyword that is a synonym of the word or phrase;

a document data normalizing step that normalizes the document data by replacing the word or phrase contained in each of said document data with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase; and

a retrieval statement normalizing step that normalizes the retrieval statement by replacing the word or phrase contained in said retrieval statement with the keyword that is the synonym of the word or phrase,

wherein the document data concept extracting step extracts the document concept from the normalized document data, and the retrieval statement concept extracting step extracts the retrieval statement concept from the normalized retrieval statement;

wherein the concept retrieving section comprises;

a higher concept acquiring step that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher-layer concept of said retrieval statement concept if the retrieval statement concept does not match the document concept; and

a generalized concept output step that outputs the document data as a retrieval result if the retrieval statement higher concept matches the document concept wherein;

the concept database stores each of said plurality of concepts as a node of the first or second hierarchical structure,

the document data concept extracting step that extracts the first document concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second document concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step that extracts the retrieval statement concept belonging to the first hierarchical structure and the second retrieval statement concept belonging to the second hierarchical structure in association with the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring step that acquires the first retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement higher concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept if the first retrieval statement concept does not match the first document concept and if the second retrieval statement concept does not match the second document concept, and

the generalized concept output step that outputs the first document data as a retrieval result if the number of the first document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept is smaller than that of the second document data in which the first retrieval statement higher concept is the same as the second retrieval statement concept and in which the first document concept is the same as the second document concept, or

wherein the concept retrieving step comprises;

a lower concept acquiring step that, if all the document data having the document concept that is the same as the retrieval statement concept have the document concept that is the same as a retrieval statement lower concept that is a lower layer of the retrieval statement concept, replaces the retrieval statement concept with the retrieval statement lower concept and

a specialized concept output step that outputs the document data in which the retrieval statement lower concept matches the document concept, as a retrieval unit and wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts that identify a plurality of defects in a product,

the document database stores the document data indicating contents of each of the plurality of defects,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step extracts the retrieval statement concept corresponding to the retrieval statement used to retrieve said defects in the product, and the retrieval result outputting step outputs the document data retrieved by the concept retrieving step, as said document data indicating the contents of the defects in the product inputted by a user;

or

wherein;

the concept database stores the plurality of concepts in a lower layer of the concept indicating that there are defects in components of the product, using a hierarchical structure in which the concepts indicating states of the defects in the components are provided,

the document data concept extracting step extracts the document concept indicating that there is a defect in one of the components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the state of the defect in the one of said components, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement, and

wherein the concept retrieving step comprises;

a higher concept acquiring step that acquires a retrieval statement higher concept that is the concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of said components, the concept being a higher layer of the retrieval statement concept and

a generalized concept outputting step that outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept indicating that there is the defect in the one of the components, the document concept matching the retrieval statement higher concept; and

further comprising a component database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the components of the product,

wherein;

the document data concept extracting step further extracts the document concept indicating the component described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in the document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the component described in the retrieval statement concept extracting step, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring step acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the component, and

the generalized concept outputting step outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher layer or

a product database that uses a hierarchical structure to store inclusive relationships among the names of a plurality of the products,

wherein the document data concept extracting step further extracts the document concept indicating the product name described in the document data, on the basis of the keyword contained in said document data,

the retrieval statement concept extracting step further extracts the retrieval statement concept indicating the product name described in the retrieval statement concept extracting step, on the basis of the keyword contained in the retrieval statement,

the higher concept acquiring step acquires the concept that is a higher layer of the first retrieval statement concept indicating that there is the defect in the component or a state of the defect in the component, and the concept that is a higher layer of the second retrieval statement concept indicating the product name, and

the generalized concept outputting step outputs, as a retrieval result, the document data having the document concept that matches the first retrieval statement concept and the document concept that matches the second retrieval statement concept if at least one of the first retrieval statement concept and the second retrieval statement concept is the concept in the higher layer.