Electrode for electrochemical measurement

• US 7,573,186 B2
• Filed: 06/09/2004
• Issued: 08/11/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 12/15/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fuji Xerox Company Limited (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Fuji Xerox Company Limited (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Watanabe, Hiroyuki, Watanabe, Miho, Manabe, Chikara, Shigematsu, Taishi
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel; Nimeshkumar D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hines; Anne M
• Application Number:
  US10/863,732
• Publication Number:
  US 20080105544A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,889 Days
• Field of Search: 204/403.14, 313/309, 313/311, 252/500, 524/376, 524/379
• US Class Current: 313/309
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 15/00 Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/308 at least partially made of carbon

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrode for electrochemical measurement including a carbon nanotube, a catalyst causing a specific chemical reaction, and an insulator in which the carbon nanotube and the catalyst are embedded, wherein a part of the catalyst is exposed at the surface of the insulator and a part of the carbon nanotube is exposed at the surface of the insulator to form an electoconductive portion, or wherein a part of the catalyst is exposed at the surface of the insulator, and a part of the carbon nanotube is electrically connected to the exposed catalyst to form an electoconductive portion.

Claims

1. An electrode for electrochemical measurement comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes, a catalyst causing a specific chemical reaction, and an insulator in which the carbon nanotubes and the catalyst are embedded, wherein

the carbon nanotubes are electrically connected with each other by chemical bonding to thereby form a network structure, a part of the catalyst is exposed at a surface of the insulator, and a part of the plurality of the carbon nanotubes are exposed at the surface of the insulator to form an electroconductive portion, and

the carbon nanotubes are cross-linked with a cross-linking agent having non-self polymerizability.

2. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 1, wherein a part of the plurality of the carbon nanotubes are exposed through the insulator at plural spots on the surface of the insulator to form the electroconductive portion.

3. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal, metal oxide, protein, and carbon pieces carrying any of these substances.

4. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 3, wherein the catalyst is a metal and the metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum, silver, gold, iron, copper, and silicon.

5. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 3, wherein the catalyst is a metal oxide and the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, zinc oxide, ruthenium oxide, hafnium oxide, and tungsten oxide.

6. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 3, wherein the catalyst is a protein and the protein is at least one selected from enzymes.

7. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 1, wherein the insulator has a volume resistivity value in a range of 1×

10⁵ to 1×

10¹⁰ Ω

cm.

8. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 1, wherein the material for the insulator is selected from the group consisting of polyether ketone, polyketone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polyethylene.

9. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is platinum black.

10. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent having non-self polymerizability is at least one cross-linking agent having non-self polymerizability selected from the group consisting of polyols, polyamines, polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic esters, polycarboxylic halides, polycarbodiimides, and polyisocyanates.

20. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 2, wherein the cross-linking agent having non-self polymerizability is at least one cross-linking agent having non-self polymerizability selected from the group consisting of polyols, polyamines, polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic esters, polycarboxylic halides, polycarbodiimides, and polyisocyanates.

11. An electrode for electrochemical measurement comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes, a catalyst causing a specific chemical reaction, and an insulator in which the carbon nanotubes and the catalyst are embedded, wherein

the carbon nanotubes are electrically connected with each other by chemical bonding to thereby form a network structure, a part of the catalyst is exposed at a surface of the insulator, and a part of the plurality of the carbon nanotubes are electrically connected to the exposed catalyst to form an electroconductive portion, and

the carbon nanotubes are cross-linked with a cross-linking agent having non-self polymerizability.

12. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 11, wherein a part of the plurality of the carbon nanotubes are exposed through the insulator at plural spots on the surface of the insulator to form the electroconductive portion.

13. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 11, wherein the catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal, metal oxide, protein,. and carbon pieces carrying any of these substances.

14. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 13, wherein the catalyst is a metal and the metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum, silver, gold, iron, copper, and silicon.

15. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 13, wherein the catalyst is a metal oxide and the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, silicon oxidc, silicon, zinc oxide, ruthenium oxide, hafnium oxide, and tungsten oxide.

16. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 13, wherein the catalyst is a protein and the protein is at least one selected from enzymes.

17. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 11, wherein the insulator has a volume resistivity value in a range of 1×

10⁵ to 1×

10¹⁰ Ω

cm.

18. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 11, wherein the material for the insulator is selected from the group consisting of polyether ketone, polyketone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polyethylene.

19. The electrode for electrochemical measurement of claim 11, wherein the catalyst is platinum black.