Gain step calibration in a mobile cellular transmitter

• US 7,573,410 B1
• Filed: 03/04/2008
• Issued: 08/11/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 03/04/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Plevridis, Sofoklis E., Georgantas, Theodoros, Vavelidis, Konstantinos D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mai; Lam T
• Application Number:
  US12/042,188
• Time in Patent Office: 525 Days
• Field of Search: 341120-150, 455/126, 455/324, 455/303, 455/234.1, 455/232.1, 455/127.2
• US Class Current: 341/139
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04

Abstract

A technique to utilize digital gain control to fine adjust gain for one or more analog gain steps of an analog circuit. A gain step calibration procedure is utilized to set the digital gain within acceptable limits established for the analog gain at a particular operating gain level for the analog circuit set by an analog gain step.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

determining an operating gain level based on one of a plurality of analog gain steps that are used to adjust analog gain levels for an analog circuit;

changing analog gain to adjust analog gain to another analog gain level for the analog circuit;

setting digital gain to return gain level for the analog circuit back to the operating gain level, the operating gain level for the analog circuit now being controlled by digital gain steps of smaller incremental steps as compared to the analog gain steps, in order to utilize digital gain control with finer gain adjustment over analog gain adjustment; and

calibrating digital gain at the operating gain level based on comparison with an analog gain measurement obtained at the operating gain level previous to changing the analog gain.

2. The method of claim 1, further including measuring an output from the analog circuit at the operating gain level using an envelope detector to measure a circuit parameter to calibrate the digital gain.

3. The method of claim 1, further including measuring output power from the analog circuit at the operating gain level using an envelope detector to calibrate the digital gain.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the calibrating digital gain includes measuring a circuit parameter of the analog circuit at the operating level by setting the analog gain to the operating level to obtain a first measurement, measuring the circuit parameter again when digital gain is set to return the gain level to the operating level to obtain a second measurement and comparing the second measurement to the first measurement for calibration.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the calibrating the digital gain further includes adjusting the digital gain in fine increments to bring the digital gain within a predetermined limit, if the second measurement is not within the predetermined limit from the first measurement.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the operating gain level is for an analog front end of a transmitter, in which the digital gain is calibrated and utilized for the analog gain at the operating gain level.

7. A method comprising:

determining an operating gain level based on one of a plurality of analog gain steps that are used to adjust analog gain levels for an analog circuit;

transmitting a first baseband signal to the analog circuit corresponding to an upper acceptable limit for analog gain at the operating gain level;

obtaining a first measurement at an output of the analog circuit based on the first baseband signal;

transmitting a second baseband signal to the analog circuit corresponding to a lower acceptable limit for analog gain at the operating gain level;

obtaining a second measurement at the output of the analog circuit based on the second baseband signal;

changing analog gain to adjust analog gain to another analog gain level for the analog circuit and adjusting digital gain to return gain level for the analog circuit back to the operating gain level, the operating gain level for the analog circuit now being controlled by digital gain steps of smaller incremental steps as compared to the analog gain steps, in order to utilize digital gain control with finer gain adjustment over analog gain adjustment;

transmitting a third baseband signal to the analog circuit corresponding to having the digital gain set to operate at the operating gain level;

obtaining a third measurement at the output of the analog circuit based on the third baseband signal;

comparing the third measurement to not exceed the acceptable limits set by the first and second measurements and if the third measurement exceeds one of the acceptable limits, adjusting digital gain and transmitting the third baseband signal to obtain subsequent measurements until the third baseband signal resides within the acceptable limits set by the first and second measurements.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit includes determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit which resides within a radio frequency front end of a wireless device.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit includes determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit which resides within a transmitter portion of a radio frequency front end of a wireless device.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit includes determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit which resides within a transmitter portion of a radio frequency front end of a cellular device utilizing WCDMA communication protocol.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit includes determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit which resides within a radio frequency (RF) front end of a wireless device and wherein obtaining first, second and third measurements are achieved by use of an envelope detector to detect a circuit parameter of the RF front end.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit includes determining the operating gain level for the analog circuit which resides within a radio frequency (RF) front end of a wireless device and wherein obtaining first, second and third measurements are achieved by use of an envelope detector to detect output power of the RF front end.

13. A method comprising:

changing analog gain of an analog circuit of a radio frequency (RF) front end of a wireless device to adjust analog gain to another analog gain level set by one of a plurality of analog gain steps for the analog circuit;

adjusting digital gain of a baseband processor module to return gain level for the analog circuit back to the operating gain level, the operating gain level for the analog circuit now being controlled by digital gain steps of smaller incremental steps as compared to the analog gain steps, in order to utilize digital gain control with finer gain adjustment over analog gain adjustment;

transmitting a baseband signal to the analog circuit corresponding to having the digital gain set to operate at the operating gain level;

obtaining a measurement at the output of the analog circuit based on the third baseband signal;

comparing the measurement to not exceed stored acceptable limits set by calibration, in which the calibration includes;

(i) transmitting a first test signal to the analog circuit corresponding to an upper acceptable limit for analog gain at the operating gain level;

(ii) obtaining a first test measurement at an output of the analog circuit based on the first test signal;

(iii) transmitting a second test signal to the analog circuit corresponding to a lower acceptable limit for analog gain at the operating gain level;

(iv) obtaining a second test measurement at the output of the analog circuit based on the second test signal; and

(v) storing the first and second test measurements;

comparing the output measurement to not exceed the acceptable limits set by the first and second test measurements; and

adjusting digital gain and retransmitting the baseband signal to obtain subsequent measurements until the baseband signal resides within the acceptable limits set by the first and second test measurements, if the output measurement exceeds one of the acceptable limits.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein obtaining the output measurement is achieved by use of an envelope detector to detect a circuit parameter of the RF front end.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein obtaining the output measurement is achieved by use of an envelope detector to detect output power of the RF front end.

16. An apparatus comprising:

a digital gain stage to adjust digital gain;

an analog circuit having an analog gain stage to adjust analog gain, in which the analog circuit is coupled to the digital gain stage; and

a detector to measure gain at an output of the analog circuit and to feed back a signal indicative of the measured gain, wherein an operating gain level is based on one of a plurality of analog gain steps that are used to adjust analog gain levels for the analog circuit, in which a particular analog gain step is calibrated by;

changing analog gain to adjust analog gain from the operating gain level to another analog gain level for the analog circuit;

setting digital gain to return gain level for the analog circuit back to the operating gain level, the operating gain level for the analog circuit now being controlled by digital gain steps of smaller incremental steps as compared to the analog gain steps, in order to utilize digital gain control of the digital gain stage that has finer gain adjustment over analog gain adjustment; and

calibrating digital gain at the operating gain level based on comparison with an analog gain measurement obtained at the operating gain level previous to changing the analog gain.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the detector is an envelope detector to detect a circuit parameter at the output of the analog circuit.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the detector is an envelope detector to detect output power at the output of the analog circuit.