Object location based security using RFID

• US 7,574,732 B2
• Filed: 09/29/2004
• Issued: 08/11/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Symbol Technologies, LLC (Zebra Technologies Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Symbol Technologies, Inc. (Zebra Technologies Corporation)
• Inventors: Bridgelall, Raj, Knox, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Simitoski; Michael J
• Application Number:
  US10/954,957
• Publication Number:
  US 20060107307A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,777 Days
• Field of Search: 726/3, 380/258, 342/118, 342/129, 342/145, 342/45, 340/686.1, 340/572.1, 340/825.49
• US Class Current: 726/3
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/46 Indirect determination of position data
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/84 for distance determination by phase measurement
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/466 by Trilateration, i.e. two antennas or two sensors determine separately the distance to a target, whereby with the knowledge of the baseline length, i.e. the distance between the antennas or sensors, the position data of the target is determined
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0492 by using a location-limited connection, e.g. near-field communication or limited proximity of entities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/06 for supporting key management in a packet data network cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for key management H04L9/08
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/10 for controlling access to devices or network resources
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/04 Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/08 Access security
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/63 Location-dependent; Proximity-dependent
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/04 based on user or terminal location or mobility data, e.g. moving direction, speed
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Abstract

A system and method for controlling access to a wireless networking system using RFID tags is provided. The security system and method uses RFID tags to determine the location of mobile computing device. The security system and method selectively allows access to the wireless networking system based on the determined location of the mobile computing device. For example, the security system and method will permit access to the wireless networking system if the mobile computing device is determined to be in an area of permitted access. Conversely, the security system and method will deny access to the wireless networking system if the mobile computing device is determined to be not within an area of permitted access. Thus, the system and method is able to effectively control access to the wireless networking system by only permitting access to mobile devices within designated areas.

Claims

1. A networking security system, the networking security system comprising:

an RFID reader, the RFID transmitting a signal to an RFID tag, wherein the RFID reader transmits a plurality of transmitted signals to the RFID tag and receives a plurality of backscatter-modulated signals from the RFID tag, at least two of the plurality of transmitted signals having a different fundamental frequency, wherein the at least two of the plurality of transmitted signals having a different fundamental frequency have a randomly selected frequency difference;

a distance calculator, the distance calculator determining a distance to the RFID tag from the transmitted signal, wherein the distance calculator determines a phase for each of the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals from the RFID tag, and wherein the distance calculator determines the distance to the RFID tag by determining a rate of change of the phase in the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals with respect to rate of change in the fundamental frequency of the plurality of transmitted signals; and

an access controller, the access controller selectively permitting access from a mobile computing device to a wireless networking system based on the determined distance to the RFID tag.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the access controller determines if the mobile computing device is in a permitted access area before allowing the mobile computing device to attempt to authenticate on the wireless networking system.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the access controller determines if the mobile computing unit is in a permitted access area from the determined distance to the RFID tag.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the RFID tag is coupled to the mobile computing device.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the RFID reader is coupled to the mobile computing device.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the wireless networking system comprises a WLAN system.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the RFID reader continues to transmit additional transmitted signals and receive additional backscatter-modulated signals and wherein the distance calculator continues to determine a phase for each of the additional backscatter-modulated signals received and uses the phase for each additional backscatter-modulated signal to determine the distance from the RFID reader to the RFID tag is until the distance is computed within a specified level of accuracy.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the rate of change of the phase in the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals with respect to a rate of change in the fundamental frequency of the plurality of transmitted signals is determined by performing a linear trend fit of the phase in the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals versus the fundamental frequency of the plurality of transmitted signals.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least two of the plurality of transmitted signals having a different fundamental frequency have a frequency difference determined by selecting a next available frequency channel using a listen before transmit procedure.

10. A method of controlling access to a wireless networking system, the method comprising the steps of:

determining a distance to an RFID tag, wherein the step of determining a distance to the RFID tag comprises the steps of;

transmitting a plurality of transmitted signals from an RFID reader to the RFID tag, wherein at least two of the plurality of transmitted signals have a randomly selected fundamental frequency difference;

receiving a plurality of backscatter-modulated signals from the RFID tag;

determining a phase for each of the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals; and

computing the distance to the RFID tag by determining a rate of change of the phase in the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals with respect to a rate of change in the fundamental frequency of the plurality of transmitted signals; and

selectively permitting access from a mobile computing device to the wireless networking system based on the determined distance to the RFID tag.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of preventing the mobile computing device from attempting to authenticate on the wireless networking system until the step of selectively permitting access from a mobile computing device to the wireless networking system based on the determined distance to the RFID tag.

12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of determining in the mobile computing unit is in a permitted access area from the determined distance to the RFID tag.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein the RFID tag is coupled to the mobile computing device.

14. The method of claim 10 wherein the mobile computing device includes an RFID reader.

15. The method of claim 10 wherein the wireless networking system comprises a WLAN system.

16. The method of claim 10 wherein the steps of transmitting a plurality of transmitted signals, receiving a plurality of backscatter-modulated signals, and determining a phase in the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals comprises transmitting, receiving and determining a phase for additional transmitted signals and backscatter-modulated signals until the step of computing the distance to the RFID tag determines the distance within a specified level of accuracy.

17. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of computing a distance to the RFID tag by determining a rate of change of the phase in the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals with respect to a rate of change in the fundamental frequency comprises performing a linear trend fit.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein the plurality of transmitted signals have a fundamental frequency difference selected by selecting a next available frequency channel using a listen before transmit procedure.

19. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of determining a phase for each of the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals comprises unwrapping relative phase difference measurements to result in a substantially linear phase trend.

20. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of transmitting a plurality of transmitted signals from the RFID reader to the RFID tag comprises transmitting from an array of RFID readers, and wherein the step of receiving a plurality of backscatter-modulated signals from the RFID tag comprises receiving the plurality of backscatter-modulated signals at the array of RFID readers, and wherein the step of computing a distance to the RFID tag comprises computing a distance from the RFID tag to each of the array of RFID readers.

21. A networking security system, the networking security system comprising:

an array of RFID readers distributed around an area, a plurality of the array of RFID readers transmitting at least three transmitted signals to an RFID tag coupled to a mobile computing device, each of the plurality of the array of RFID readers receiving at least three backscatter-modulated signals from the multi-mode RFID tag, wherein the at least three transmitted signals from each RFID reader have a fundamental frequency with a fundamental frequency difference;

a distance calculator, the distance calculator determining a phase of the at least three backscatter-modulated signals received at each RFID reader, the distance calculator determining a distance from each RFID reader by performing a linear trend fit of the phase in the at least three backscatter-modulated signals and the fundamental frequency of the at least three transmitted signals to determine a rate of change of the phase with respect to a rate of change of the fundamental frequency; and

an access controller, the access controller determining if the mobile computing device is in a permitted access area from the distance from each RFID reader, the accesses controller selectively permitting access from the mobile computing device to a wireless networking system based on whether the mobile computing device is in the permitted access area.

22. The system of claim 21 wherein the wireless networking system comprises a WLAN system.

23. The system of claim 21 wherein the access controller determines if the mobile computing device is in a permitted access area before allowing the mobile computing device to attempt to authenticate on the wireless networking system.

24. A method of controlling access to a wireless networking system, the method comprising the steps of:

addressing an RFID tag coupled to a mobile computing device using an RFID reader, the addressing of the RFID tag putting the RFID tag into a responsive state;

transmitting at least three transmitted signals from the RFID reader to the RFID tag, wherein at least two of the at least three transmitted signals have a different fundamental frequency;

receiving at least three backscatter-modulated signals from the RFID tag;

determining a phase for each of the at least three backscatter-modulated signals;

computing a distance to the RFID tag by performing a linear trend fit of the phase in the at least three backscatter-modulated signals and the fundamental frequency of the at least three transmitted signals to determine a rate of change of the phase with respect to a rate of change of the fundamental frequency;

determining if the RFID tag and mobile computing device is in a permitted access area based on the distance to the RFID tag; and

selectively permitting access from the mobile computing device to the wireless networking system based on whether the RFID tag and mobile computing device are in the permitted access area.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the step of transmitting at least three transmitted signals from the RFID reader to the RFID tag comprises transmitting at least three transmitted signals each RFID reader in an array of RFID readers, and wherein the step of receiving at least three backscatter-modulated signals from the RFID tag comprises receiving at least three backscatter-modulated signals at each RFID reader in the array of RFID readers, and wherein the step of computing a distance to the RFID tag comprises computing a distance from the RFID tag to each RFID reader in the array of RFID readers.

26. The method of claim 24 wherein the wireless networking system comprises a WLAN system.

27. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of preventing the mobile computing device from attempting to authenticate on the wireless networking system until the step of selectively permitting access from a mobile computing device to the wireless networking system based on the determined distance to the RFID tag.